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Innovative boron nitride-doped propellants

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 69-80页

作者： Thelma MANNING Richard FIELD Kenneth KLINGAMAN Michael FAIR John BOLOGNINI Robin CROWNOVER carlton p.adam Viral pANCHAL Eugene ROZUMOV Henry GRAU paul MATTER Michael BEACHY Christopher HOLT Samuel SOpOK USA rmy RDECOM ARDEC Picatinny Arsenal NJ USA pH Matter LLC Columbus OH USA Benet Laboratory Watervliet NY USA

The U.S. military has a need for more powerful propellants with balanced/stoichiometric amounts of fuel and oxidants. However, balanced and more powerful propellants lead to accelerated gun barrel erosion and markedly shortened useful barrel life. Boron nitride(BN) is an interesting potential additive for propellants that could reduce gun wear effects in advanced propellants(US patent pending 2015-026p). Hexagonal boron nitride is a good lubricant that can provide wear resistance and lower flame temperatures for gun barrels. Further, boron can dope steel, which drastically improves its strength and wear resistance, and can block the formation of softer carbides. A scalable synthesis method for producing boron nitride nano-particles that can be readily dispersed into propellants has been developed. Even dispersion of the nano-particles in a double-base propellant has been demonstrated using a solvent-based processing approach. Stability of a composite propellant with the BN additive was verified. In this paper, results from propellant testing of boron nitride nano-composite propellants are presented, including closed bomb and wear and erosion testing. Detailed characterization of the erosion tester substrates before and after firing was obtained by electron microscopy,inductively coupled plasma and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This promising boron nitride additive shows the ability to improve gun wear and erosion resistance without any destabilizing effects to the propellant. potential applications could include less erosive propellants in propellant ammunition for large, medium and small diameter fire arms.

关键词：复合推进剂六角氮化硼硼掺杂创新型 X射线光电子能谱仪电感耦合等离子体腐蚀测试仪合成方法

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Dellen-like keratopathy associated with glaucoma drainage devices

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第1期2卷 1-4页

作者： carlton Robert Fenzl Majid Moshirfar adam John Gess Valliammai Muthappan Jason Goldsmith Department of Ophthalmology Jamaica Hospital Medical Center/NYMC Jamaica NY 11418 United States Moran Eye Center University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States

To report the first case of dellen-like keratopathy with superior corneal thinning associated with implantation of glaucoma drainage devices. A 70-year-old male with a history of primary open angle glaucoma and dry eye disease underwent placement of glaucoma drainage devices with antimetabolite application in both eyes. prior to placement, minimal refractive error was noted on manifest refraction. Several years later, the patient was referred for decreased vision and corneal irregularity. Examination showed pathologic corneal curvature, superior corneal thinning, and epithelial demarcation lines immediately anterior to the glaucoma drainage devices in both eyes. The epithelium remained intact with no evidence of limbal stem cell deficiency. Manifest refraction revealed a large change in both eyes. Topography was used to confirm the presence of irregular corneal curvature anterior to the glaucoma drainage devices. Dellen-like keratopathy with superior thinning is a rare sequela after implantation of a glaucoma drainage device that must be considered in elderly patients who undergo glaucoma surgery. It is likely related to a combination of tear film alteration related to previously large anterior blebs, antimetabolite application, and aqueous humor flow patterns around the drainage devices. Treatment should focus on lubrication.

关键词： Dellen-like keratopathy Delle Glaucoma drainage device Corneal thinning

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The influence of hydrogel soil amendment on the survival and growth of newly transplanted pinus patula seedlings

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 103-109页

作者： Ada Mudhanganyi Hilton G.T.Ndagurwa carlton Maravanyika Robert Mwase Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management Faculty of Applied Science National University of Science and Technology Forest Ecology Laboratory Faculty of Applied ScienceNational University of Science and Technology Stapleford Forest Allied Timbers Limited

Hydrogel amendments have been used to improve seedling survival and establishment particularly in dry environments. However, their effect on survival and growth of newly transplanted seedlings under varying water stress conditions is poorly known. In this regard, we examined the effects of Aqua Matrix Forestry~？, a potassium-based water-absorbent polymer, on the survival and early growth of pinus patula seedlings planted in early-,mid-and late-dry season in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe. The late-dry season was hotter and received more rainfall than the early-and mid-dry season. Hydrogel increased seedling survival by 34 and 22% in the mid-and late-dry season, respectively. Also, hydrogel-treated seedlings were significantly taller than untreated seedlings（p ／ 0.001）. The height to root collar diameter ratio of hydrogel-treated seedlings was greater than that of untreated seedlings only in the mid-dry season. In conclusion, increase in survival and early growth of hydrogel-treated seedlings suggests that hydrogels can be used to extend planting beyond the rainy season to include the dry months, a feat previously unattainable due to high seedling mortality. Further, these findings reflect similar findings with other hydrogels, suggesting that improved seedling survival and plant performance may be a general consequence of hydrogel amendments.

关键词： Hydrogel pinus patula Reforestation Seedling Survival

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Laser Heating and Infrared Thermography of Building Materials

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Journal of Building Construction and planning Research 2021年第3期9卷 223-229页

作者： Aschalew Kassu carlton Farley III Christina p. Tsoli Department of Mechanical Civil Engineering and Construction Management Alabama A & M University Huntsville AL USA Department of physics Chemistry and Mathematics Alabama A & M University Huntsville AL USA Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University Athens Greece

In this work, a 532 nm diode CW laser is used to heat samples used as building materials at a 1 meter standoff distance while using an FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared) thermal camera to monitor and record the heating and then cooling of each sample after lasers are switched off. The data is then analyzed using FLIR proprietary software. Since the absorption spectra of materials are unique, using multiple lasers of different wavelengths to simultaneously shine onto the sample at different locations would give enough thermal data to successfully characterize the samples within a reasonable amount of time. The results are very promising for applications involving non-destructive detection and classification of materials.

关键词： Infrared Thermography NIR Thermal Laser Heating Remote Detection

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Formulation development and characterization of cellulose acetate nitrate based propellants for improved insensitive munitions properties

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2014年第2期10卷 92-100页

作者： Thelma MANNING Jeffrey WYCKOFF carlton adam Eugene ROZUMOV Kenneth KLINGAMAN Viral pANCHAL Joseph LAQUIDARA Mike FAIR John BOLOGNINI Keith LUHMANN Steve VELARDE Christine KNOTT Stephanie M.pIRAINO Kevin BOYD US Army RDECOM ARDECPicatinny Arsenal Alliiant Tech ATK RAFPRD AAP Naval Surface Warhead Center Indian Head Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground

Cellulose acetate nitrate(CAN) was used as an insensitive energetic binder to improve the insensitive munitions(IM) properties of gun propellants to replace the M1 propellant used in 105 mm artillery *** contains the energetic nitro groups found in nitrocellulose(NC),but also acetyl functionalities,which lowered the polymer's sensitivity to heat and shock,and therefore improved its IM properties relative to *** formulation,development and small-scale characterization testing of several CAN-based propellants were *** formulations,using insensitive energetic solid fillers and high-nitrogen modifiers in place of nitramine were *** small scale characterization testing,such as closed bomb testing,small scale sensitivity,thermal stability,and chemical compatibility were *** mechanical response of the propellants under high-rate uni-axial compression at,hot,cold,and ambient temperatures were also *** diameter testing,hot fragment conductive ignition(HFCI) tests were done to evaluate the propellants' responses to thermal and shock *** the propellant chemical composition,theoretical predictions of erosivity were *** the small scale test results were utilized to down-select the promising CAN based formulations for large scale demonstration testing such as the ballistic performance and fragment impact testing in the105 mm M67 artillery charge *** test results completed in the small and large scale testing are discussed.

关键词：硝酸纤维素弹道性能钝感弹药推进剂醋酸纤维素开发配方特性测试

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A review of potential biomarkers for assessing physical and psychological trauma in paediatric burns

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 652-677页

作者： Morgan carlton Joanne Voisey Tony J.parker Chamindie punyadeera Leila Cuttle Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Centre for Children’s Burn and Trauma ResearchCentre for Children’s Health ResearchSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Faculty of HealthSchool of Biomedical SciencesBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Faculty of HealthSchool of Biomedical SciencesSaliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational LaboratoryBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Biological markers that evaluate physical healing as well as psychological impact of a burn are essential for effective treatment of paediatric *** objective of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the use of biomarkers in children with *** extensive review of the literature was performed using pubMed.A total of 59 biomarkers were identified relating to burn presence,specifically relating to processes involved in inflammation,wound healing,growth and *** addition,biomarkers involved in the stress response cascade following a burn trauma were also *** many biomarkers have been identified that are potentially associated with burn-related physical and psychological trauma,an understanding of burn biology is still lacking in *** propose that future research in the field of children’s burns should be conducted using broad screening methods for identifying potential biomarkers,examine the biological interactions of different biomarkers,utilize child-appropriate biological fluids such as urine or saliva,and include a range of different severity *** further research,the biological response to burn injury may be fully realized and clinically relevant diagnostic tests and treatment therapies utilizing these biomarkers could be developed,for the improvement of healing outcomes in paediatric burn patients.

关键词： paediatric burns Biomarker Inflammatory Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis physical trauma psychological trauma

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Effect of Alstonia scholaris bark extract on testicular function of Wistar rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2002年第3期4卷 175-178页

作者： R. S. Gupta Rakhi Sharma Aruna Sharma A.K. Bhatnager M.p. Dobhal Y.C. Joshi M.C. Sharma Reproduction physiology Section Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 IndiaReproduction Physiology Section Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 IndiaReproduction Physiology Section Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 IndiaDepartment of Chemistry S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College Jaipur-302004 IndiaRoswell Park Cancer Institute Elm & Carlton Streets Buffalo New York 14263 USADepartment of Chemistry University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 IndiaDepartment of Chemistry University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 India

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the antifertility effect ofAlstonia scholaris bark extract in male rats. Methods: In male Wistar rats Alstonia scholaris bark extract was given by oral route at a dose of 200 mg/day for 60 days. The fertility and testicular function were assessed by mating tests, sperm motility, sperm concentration, biochemical indices and testicular cell population dynamics. Results: Oral feeding with the extract at a dose of 200 mg/day for the period of 60 days did not cause body weight loss, while the weights of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate were significantly reduced. The production of step-19 spermatids was reduced by 79.6% in treated rats. The population of preleptotene and pachytene spermatocytes were decreased by 61.9% and 60.1%, respectively. Spermatogonia and Sertoli cell population were also affected. The seminiferous tubule and Leydig cell nuclear area were reduced significantly (ppared to the controls. Reduced sperm count and motility resulted in a total suppression of fertility. A significant fall in the protein and sialic acid content of the testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate as well as glycogen content of testes were also noticed. The fructose content in the seminal vesicle was lowered whereas the testicular cholesterol was elevated as compared with the controls. The following compounds were obtained from the extract with chromatographic separation over Si-gel column: α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupiol acetate, venenative, rhazine and yohimbine. Conclusion: At the dose level employed, Alstonia scholaris bark extract has a significant antifertility effect in male rats; the primary site of action may be post meiotic germ cells (Step 19 spermatids).

关键词： Alstonia scholaris testis sperm motility sialic acid Sertoli cells

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Unraveling quad fever:Severe hyperthermia after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2023年第1期26卷 27-32页

作者： carlton C.L.Watson Dooniya Shaikh Jody C.DiGiacomo Aaron C.Brown Raina Wallace Shridevi Singh Lisa Szydziaka Sara Cardozo-Stolberg LD.George Angus Department of Surgery Nassau University Medical CenterEast MeadowNY1155USA American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine Pembroke PinesFL33027USA

purpose:There are many infectious and inflammatory causes for elevated core-body temperatures,though they rarely pass 40℃(104℉).The term"quad fever"is used for extreme hyperpyrexia in the setting of acute cervical spinal cord injuries(SCIs).The traditional methods of treating hyperpyrexia are often ineffective and reported morbidity and mortality rates approach 100%.This study aims to identify the incidence of elevated temperatures in SCIs at our institution and assess the effectiveness of using a non-invasive dry water temperature management system as a treatment modality with ***:A retrospective analysis of acute SCI patients requiring surgical intensive care unit admission who experienced fevers≥40℃(104℉)were compared to patients with maximum temperaturespatients≥18 years old who sustained an acute traumatic SCI were included in this *** who expired in the emergency department;had a SCI without radiologic abnormality;had neuropraxia;were admitted to any location other than the surgical intensive care unit;or had positive blood cultures were *** 9.4 was used to conduct statistical ***:Over the 9-year study period,35 patients were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit with a verified *** patients experienced maximum temperatures of≥40℃.Six of those patients were treated with the dry water temperature management system with an overall mortality of 57.1%in this *** mortality rate for the 28 patients who experienced a maximum temperature of≤40℃was 21.4%(p=0.16).Conclusion:The diagnosis of quad fever should be considered in patients with cervical SCI in the presence of *** this study,there was no significant difference in mortality between quad fever patients treated with a dry water temperature management system versus SCI patients without quad *** early use of a dry water temperature management system appears to decrease the mortality rate of quad fever.

关键词： Spinal cord injuries Fever Quadriplegia Therapeutic hypothermia

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美国国家卒中协会对短暂性脑缺血发作诊治体系的推荐意见

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国际脑血管病杂志 2011年第9期19卷 644-648页

作者： S. Claibome Johnston Gregory W. Albers philip B. Gorelick Ethan Cumbler Jeffrey Klingman Michael A. Ross Meg Brisgs Jean carlton Edward p. Sloan Uzma Vaince 李海峰（译）洪宇（译）王琦（译） From the Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University Medical Center Stanford CA Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL Hospitalist Section University of Colorado Denver Denver CO Department of Neurology Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek CA Department of Emergency Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA Stroke program Evergreen Hospital Medical Center Kirkland WA Legacy Health Portland OR Department of Emergency Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL Cedar Crest Hospitalist program Lehigh Valley Health Network. AllentownPA 青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科 266003

短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）很常见，预示短期卒中风险很高。有关TIA患者紧急评价和治疗的循证推荐意见已经发表。然而，这些推荐意见的可靠和一致的执行需要对现有TIA诊治体系做出相应的改变。美国国家卒中协... 详细信息

短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）很常见，预示短期卒中风险很高。有关TIA患者紧急评价和治疗的循证推荐意见已经发表。然而，这些推荐意见的可靠和一致的执行需要对现有TIA诊治体系做出相应的改变。美国国家卒中协会召集了一个多学科专家小组，提出了医院内TIA诊治体系主要内容的推荐意见，以提高对TIA患者的诊疗质量。专家小组推荐医院制定标准化方案，以确保对TIA患者实施快速和完整的评价和处理，特别关注对卒中高危患者进行紧急而密切的观察。

关键词：短暂性脑缺血发作卒中协会诊治美国 TIA患者专家小组标准化方案高危患者

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Geomorphological monitoring of a highly dynamic estuary using oblique aerial photographs

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2009年第2期2卷 109-121页

作者： I.Abou El-Magd p.F.Hillman National Authority for remote sensing and Space Sciences CairoEgypt Gifford Carlton HaneSouthamptonUK588 Booth Street OttawaOntarioCanada

Bad weather in many countries limits the use of optical satellite imageries in spatial and temporal monitoring of the *** this paper,a series of lowaltitude oblique aerial photos taken on daily,weekly and monthly intervals were used to monitor the geomorphological changes in the upper part of the Mersey Estuary,northwestern *** low-altitude aerial photo methodology reveals itself to be a satisfying compromise between cost,accuracy and difficulty of *** offered a large amount of information on a spatial and temporal scale aiding in the understanding of channel *** was an important consideration in the sitting and installation of new bridge pier *** series of oblique aerial photos was used in a dynamic model to determine the migration of the ebb channel and was effective in identifying the main route of *** uncertainties were encountered and the level of accuracy achieved in resolving these uncertainties in the images was in the range from 40 cm to a maximum of 1.7 *** was compared with historical navigation charts and showed good *** applications are required to improve the quality of the data output from these images and the development of the technique.

关键词： geomorphology estuary GIS modelling oblique aerial photography,UK

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