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Some models for epidemics of vector-transmitted diseases

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2016年第1期1卷 79-87页

作者： Fred Brauer carlos castillo-Chavez Anuj Mubayi Sherry Towers University of British Columbia VancouverBCCanada Arizona State University TempeAZUSA

Vector-transmitted diseases such as dengue fever and chikungunya have been spreading rapidly in many parts of the *** Zika virus has been known since 1947 and invaded South America in *** can be transmitted not only by(mosquito)vectors but also directly through sexual *** has developed into a serious global health problem because,while most cases are asymptomatic or very light,babies born to Zika-infected mothers may develop microcephaly and other very serious birth *** formulate and analyze two epidemic models for vector-transmitted diseases,one appropriate for dengue and chikungunya fever outbreaks and one that includes direct transmission appropriate for Zika virus *** is especially important because the Zika virus is the first example of a disease that can be spread both indirectly through a vector and directly(through sexual contact).In both cases,we obtain expressions for the basic reproduction number and show how to use the initial exponential growth rate to estimate the basic reproduction ***,for the model that includes direct transmission some additional data would be needed to identify the fraction of cases transmitted *** for the 2015 Zika virus outbreak in Barranquilla,Colombia has been used to fit parameters to the model developed here and to estimate the basic reproduction number.

关键词： diseases mother epidemic

Epidemics on networks: Reducing disease transmission using health emergency declarations and peer communication

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 12-22页

作者： Asma Azizi Cesar Montalvo Baltazar Espinoza Yun Kang carlos castillo-Chavez School of Human Evolution and Social Change Simon A.Levin Mathematical Computational Modeling Science CenterArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85281USA Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02906USA Sciences and Mathematics Faculty College of Integrative Sciences and ArtsArizona State UniversityMesaAZ85212USA

Understanding individual decisions in a world where communications and information move instantly via cell phones and the internet,contributes to the development and implementation of policies aimed at stopping or ameliorating the spread of *** this manuscript,the role of official social network perturbations generated by public health officials to slow down or stop a disease outbreak are studied over distinct classes of static social *** dynamics are stochastic in nature with individuals(nodes)being assigned fixed levels of education or *** may change their epidemiological status from susceptible,to infected and to *** importantly,it is assumed that when the prevalence reaches a pre-determined threshold level,P*,information,called awareness in our framework,starts to spread,a process triggered by public health *** is assumed to spread over the same static network and whether or not one becomes a temporary informer,is a function of his/her level of education or wealth and epidemiological *** simulations show that threshold selection Pand the value of the average basic reproduction number impact the final epidemic size *** the ErdÖos-Rényi and Small-world networks,an optimal choice for Pthat minimize the final epidemic size can be identified under some conditions while for Scalefree networks this is not case.

关键词： Awareness spread Behavior change Outbreak and epidemic threats ErdÖos-rényi network Small-world network Scale-free network

Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on neurodegenerative and ischemic brain diseases: the role of erythropoietin receptor

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1381-1389页

作者： Carolina castillo Hernández carlos Felipe Burgos Angela Hidalgo Gajardo Tiare Silva-Grecchi Javiera Gavilan Jorge Roberto Toledo Jorge Fuentealba Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds Department of Physiology School of Biological Sciences University of Concepción Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Department of Pathophysiology School of Biological Sciences University of Concepción

Erythropoietin （Epo） is a fundamental hormone in the regulation of hematopoiesis, and other secondary roles mediated by the binding of the hormone to its specific receptor （EpoR）, which leads to an activation of key signaling pathways that induce an increase in cell differentiation, apoptosis control and neuroprotection. It has been suggested that their ftmction depends on final conformation of glycosylations, related with affinity to the receptor and its half-life. The presence of EpoR has been reported in different tissues including central nervous system, where it has been demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective function against oxidative stress conditions, such as ischemic injury and neurodegenerative diseases. There is also evidence of an increase in EpoR expression in brain cell lysates of Alzheimer＇s patients with respect to healthy patients. These results are related with extensive in vitro experimental data of neuroprotection obtained from cell lines, primary cell cultures and hippocampal slices. Additionally, this data is correlated with in vivo experiments （water maze test） in mouse models of Alzheimer＇s disease where Epo treatment improved cognitive function. These stud- ies support the idea that receptor activation induces a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative disorders including dementias, and especially Alzheimer＇s disease. Taken together, available evidence suggests that Epo appears to be a central element for EpoR activation and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms associated with neuroprotection and its relation with the activation of EpoR in order with identify new targets to develop pharmacological strategies.

关键词： erythropoietin erythropoietin receptor neuroprotection anti-apoptosis Alzheimer's disease

Biotransformation and degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by microbial metabolism and their interaction

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第2期14卷 151-164页

作者： mónica y. serrano-gonzález rashmi chandra carlos castillo-zacarias felipe robledo-padilla magdalena de j. rostro-alanis roberto parra-saldivar Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and ScienceCampus MonterreyAve.Eugenio Garza Sada 2501MonterreyN.L.CP 64849Mexico

2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT) and its derivatives are nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds having chemical and thermal stability at ambient temperature and pressure. TNT has high toxicity and mutagenic activity to humans, plants and animals, thus decontamination processes are necessary. Many microorganisms are capable to bioremediate TNT such as bacteria from the genera Pseudomonas,Enterobacter, Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium, Clostridium and Desulfovibrio: fungus such as Phanerochate and Stropharia species are able to perform TNT biotransformation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In this work we review the state of TNT biodegradation by various routes: aerobic, anaerobic,combined, fungal, enzymatic, and bio-electrochemical.

关键词： Laccases Aerobic degradation Anaerobic degradation Fungal TNT degradation

Distributed Monitoring of Power System Oscillations Using Multiblock Principal Component Analysis and Higher-order Singular Value Decomposition

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第4期10卷 818-828页

作者： Arturo Román-Messina Alejandro castillo-Tapia David A.Román-García Marcos A.Hernández-Ortega carlos A.Morales-Rergis Claudia M.Castro-Arvizu Center for Research and Advanced Studies(CINVESTAV)of the National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico GuadalajaraJal.45017Mexico Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey GuadalajaraJal.45070Mexico Autonomous University of Guadalajara GuadalajaraJal.45129Mexico Centro de Enseñanza Técnica Industrial and he is also with UAGGuadalajaraJal.44638Mexico

The primary goal in the analysis of hierarchical distributed monitoring and control architectures is to study the spatiotemporal patterns of the interactions between areas or *** this paper,a novel conceptual framework for distributed monitoring of power system oscillations using multiblock principal component analysis(MB-PCA)and higher-order singular value decomposition(HOSVD)is proposed to understand,characterize,and visualize the global behavior of the power *** proposed framework can be used to evaluate the influence of a given area or utility on the oscillatory behavior,uncover low-dimensional structures from high-dimensional data,and analyze the effects of heterogeneous data on the modal characteristics and interpretation of power *** metrics are then investigated to examine the relationships between the dynamic patterns and participation of individual data blocks in the global behavior of the *** application of these techniques is demonstrated by case studies of two systems:a 14-machine test system and a 5449-bus 635-generator equivalent model of a large power system.

关键词： Distributed monitoring multiblock principal component analysis(MB-PCA) higher-order singular value decomposition(HOSVD) Tucker decomposition

Role of short-term dispersal on the dynamics of Zika virus in an extreme idealized environment

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第1期2卷 21-34页

作者： Victor M.Moreno Baltazar Espinoza Derdei Bichara Susan A.Holechek carlos castillo-Chavez Simon A.Levin Mathematical Computational and Modeling Sciences CenterArizona State UniversityP.O.Box 873901TempeAZ 85287-3901United States Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-5401United States School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-4501United States Department of Mathematics and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics California State UniversityFullertonCA 92831United States Departamento the Ingenieria Biomedica Universidad de Los AndesBogotaColombia Rector's Office Yachay Tech UniversityUrcuquiEcuador

In November 2015,El Salvador reported their first case of Zika virus(ZIKV)infection,an event followed by an explosive outbreak that generated over 6000 suspected cases in a period of two *** agencies began implementing control measures that included vector control and recommending an increased use of ***,in response to the alarming and growing number of microcephaly cases in Brazil,the importance of avoiding pregnancies for two years was *** this paper,we explore the role of mobility within communities characterized by extreme poverty,crime and ***,the role of short term mobility between two idealized interconnected highly distinct communities is explored in the context of ZIKV *** make use of a Lagrangian modeling approach within a two-patch setting in order to highlight the possible effects that short-term mobility,within highly distinct environments,may have on the dynamics of ZIKV outbreak when the overall goal is to reduce the number of cases not just in the most affluent areas but *** depend on existing mobility patterns,levels of disease risk,and the ability of federal or state public health services to invest in resource limited areas,particularly in those where violence is *** results of simulations in highly polarized and simplified scenarios are used to assess the role of *** quickly became evident that matching observed patterns of ZIKV outbreaks could not be captured without incorporating increasing levels of *** number of distinct patches and variations on patch connectivity structure required to match ZIKV patterns could not be met within the highly aggregated model that is used in the simulations.

关键词： Vector-borne diseases Zika virus Residence times Multi-patch model

Nitrapyrin effectiveness in reducing nitrous oxide emissions decreases at low doses of urea in an Andosol

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 303-313页

作者： Mayela MONGE-MUÑOZ Segundo URQUIAGA Christoph MÜLLER Juan carlos CAMBRONEROHEINRICHS Mohammad ZAMAN Cristina CHINCHILLA-SOTO Azam BORZOUEI Khadim DAWAR carlos E.RODRÍGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-castillo Environmental Pollution Research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica) Embrapa Agrobiology Rod.BR 465km 7SeropédicaRJCEP 23891-000(Brazil) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff Ring 26Giessen 35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4(Ireland) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureDepartment of Nuclear Sciences and ApplicationsInternational Atomic Energy AgencyVienna International CentreVienna 1400(Austria) Nuclear Agriculture Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute(NSTRI)Karaj ***(Iran) Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgriculturePeshawar 25000(Pakistan)

In the tropics,frequent nitrogen(N)fertilization of grazing areas can potentially increase nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)*** application of nitrification inhibitors has been reported as an effective management practice for potentially reducing N loss from the soil-plant system and improving N use efficiency(NUE).The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the co-application of nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor,NI)and urea in a tropical Andosol on the behavior of N and the emissions of N_(2)O from autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification.A greenhouse experiment was performed using a soil(pH 5.9,organic matter content 78 g kg^(-1),and N 5.6 g kg^(-1))sown with Cynodon nlemfuensis at 60%water-filled pore space to quantify total N_(2)O emissions,N_(2)O derived from fertilizer,soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and *** study included treatments that received deionized water only(control,NI).No significant differences were observed in soil NH_(4)^(+)content between the UR and UR+NI treatments,probably because of soil mineralization and NO_(3)^(-)produced by heterotrophic nitrification,which is not effectively inhibited by *** 56 d,N_(2)O emissions in UR(0.51±0.12 mg N_(2)O-N concluded that the soil organic N mineralization and heterotrophic nitrification are the main processes of NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)***,it was found that N_(2)O emissions were partially a consequence of the direct oxidation of the soil's organic N via heterotrophic nitrification coupled to ***,the results suggest that nitrapyrin would likely exert significant mitigation on N_(2)O emissions only if a substantial N surplus exists in soils with high organic matter content.

关键词： autotrophic nitrification heterotrophic nitrification mineral N ^(15)N tracer nitrification inhibitor tropical grass

Influence of postoperative complications on long-term survival in liver transplant patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第8期12卷 336-345页

作者： Sonia Castanedo Enrique Toledo Roberto Fernández-Santiago Federico castillo Juan Echeverri Juan carlos Rodríguez-Sanjuán Department of General Surgery University Hospital Marqués de ValdecillaUniversity of CantabriaSantander 39008Spain

BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)is a complex procedure with frequent postoperative *** other surgical procedures such as gastrectomy,esophagectomy or resection of liver metastases,these complications are associated with poorer long-term *** is possible this happens in LT but there are not enough data to establish this *** To analyze the possible influence of postoperative complications on long-term survival and the ability of the comprehensive complication index(CCI)to predict *** Retrospective study in a tertiary-level university *** 164 participants were all patients who received a LT from January 2012 to July *** follow-up was done in the hospital until the end of the study or *** and risk after transplantation were calculated using the Charlson and balance of risk(BAR)scores,*** complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and the *** assess the CCI cut-off value with greater prognostic accuracy a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was built,with calculation of the area under the curve(AUC).Overall survival was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier test and log-rank *** were compared by the Mann-Whitney *** the multivariable analysis the Cox regression was *** The mean follow-up time of the cohort was 37.76(SD=24.5)mo.A ROC curve of CCI with 5-year survival was *** AUC was 0.826(0.730-0.922),P33.5(33.5=median CCI value)showed estimate

关键词： Liver transplant Complication Survival Comprehensive complication index Clavien Prognosis

Gut passage of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi by two opportunistic mycophagous rodents

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 293-299页

作者： Citlalli castillo-GUEVARAl Josette SIERRA Gema GALINDO-FLORES Mariana CUAUTLE carlos LARA Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martin Texmelucan San Felipe Ixtacuixtla Tlaxcala 90120 Mexico Departamento de Quimica y Biologfa Universidad de las Americas-Puebla Ex-hacienda Sta Catarina Martir s/n Cholula Puebla 72810 Mexico Centro Tlaxcala de Biologia de la Conducta Universidad Autdnoma de Tlaxcala-UNAM Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla Km 1.5 s/n Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 90070 Mexico

Mycophagists can influence fungal diversity within their home ranges by ensuring the continued and effective dispersal of spores from one site to another. However, the passage of spores through the digestive tract of vertebrates can affect the activity and viability of the spores ingested. This phenomenon has been rarely documented in opportunistic mycophagists consuming epigeous fungi. Using laboratory experiments, we investigated the activity and viability of spores of two epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal species （Laccaria trichodermophora and SuiUus tomentosus） after passage through the digestive tract of two opportunistic mycophagous small rodents, the volcano mouse Peromyscus alstoni and the deer mouse P maniculatus. We found that passage through the gut of either species of rodent had a significant effect on spore activity and viability for both fungal species. The proportion of active spores （0.37-0.40） of L. trichodermophora in the feces of both species of rodents was less than that recorded for the control （0.82）. However, the proportion of active spores （0.644）.73） of S. tomentosus in the feces of each species of rodent was higher than in the control （0.40）. On the other hand, the viability of spores was lower （0.26-0.30 in L. trichodermophora and 0.604）.69 in S. tomentosus） for both fungi when consumed by either rodent relative to the controls （0.90 in L. trichodermophora and 0.82 in S. tomentosus）. These findings suggest that these rodent species may be effective dispersers of both epigeous fungi [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 293-299, 2011].

关键词： Gut passage Epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi Mexico Spore activity and viability Peromyscus