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Serial Ultrasonographic Measurements to Estimate Age and Viability in <i>Bos indicus</i>Embryos

Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2019年第7期9卷 91-99页

作者： Ana Lucia Malvaez carlos salvador galina Ivette Gutierrez Manuel Corro Jose Luis Pablos Departamento de Reproducción Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México México Centro de Enseñ anza Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlapacoyan Veracruz México Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México México

Early pregnancy diagnosis is a very important routine management to identify non-pregnant cows in order to keep an optimum reproductive efficiency both for dairy and beef cows. Ultrasound equipment allows estimating the viability and size of the embryo during early gestation. With the aim of assessing age and viability of Bos indicus embryos between 24 and 35 days of gestation, 55 cows were divided into 4 clusters. These clusters were conformed according to the first day that an echogenic structure was seen inside the embryonic vesicle (Group 1: day 24, Group 2: day 26, Group 3: day 27 and Group 4: day 28). The age of the embryos was estimated from the date of AI. Three progressive serial measurements of their length were made within 2 to 5 days. With a model GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations), the effect of days was evaluated to compare the second measurement with the first one and the former with the third observation. No differences in the size of the embryos were observed between the first evaluation (24 days) and the second (28 days) (P = 0.387). Also, simple linear regression analysis found a positive linear association between the size of the embryo and gestation days (R2 = 0.593) with an average growth of 0.078 cm per day (P = 0.001). In conclusion, the variation between measurements at a given time does not allow estimating with precision the exact day of gestation. Nonetheless, serial measurements are useful to estimate the healthy growth of the embryo from day 26 of gestation.

关键词： Zebu Cattle Embryo Measurement Reproduction Tropics

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Comparison of Two Insemination Programs in Synchronized Early Postpartum Zebu Cows under Tropical Conditions: An Economic Appraisal

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第12期5卷 234-242页

作者： Adalinda Hernández carlos salvador galina Ramiro Diaz Ivette Rubio Manuel Corro Juan José Romero Departamento de Reproducción Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City México Centro de Ensenanza Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlapacoyan México Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Heredia Costa Rica

To evaluate an artificial insemination program in postpartum Bos indicus cows and by using deterministic models, to estimate the possible economic advantages of insemination by appointment over detected estrus, sixty-three multiparous animals were synchronized using a progestagen device inserted at day 31 and withdrawn after 9 days (average time for withdrawal was 40.9 ± 6.8 days). Cows were observed continuously from 0700 to 1800 during 72 h. The percentage of animals detected positive to estrus by riding behavior was 43.4%, transrectal palpation, 22% and heat detector patches, 4.6%. The percentage of cows ovulating as evidenced by progesterone samples taken at 9 and 11 days after the average estrus response was 73%. The economical assessment by using the values obtained in the present study afforded that the cost of semen, ovulation rate and fertility point to a definitive advantage of using AI at fixed time over a program based on estrus detection.

关键词： Insemination Estrus Detection Behavior Bos indicus

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Open Cows in a Beef Cattle Enterprise Managed in a Seasonal Breeding Program? An Appraisal of Their Reproductive Performance Based on Body Fat Reserves

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2022年第5期12卷 37-48页

作者： José Francisco Martínez Pablo Ortiz carlos salvador galina Manuel Corro Ivette Rubio Libia Pérez-Torres Departamento de Reproducción Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México Centro de Enseñ anza Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlapacoyan México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Ciudad Victoria México

A comparison between two distinct levels of back fat thickness in open cows, females not becoming pregnant during the previous breeding season, was carried out in order to evaluate their reproductive performance prior to the next natural mating in a seasonal breeding program. Thirty open cows from the previous breeding season were divided evenly by age and back fat thickness (BFT) in two groups. HBFT (high back fat thickness ≥ 70 mm) and LBFT (low back fat thickness ≤ 70 mm), values statistically different between groups (P < 0.05). The study was divided into three phases in which the formation of CL and follicular dynamics were recorded by ultrasound and progesterone. Also, serial monitoring of glucose, urea and triglycerides and back fat thickness were studied. A fertile bull previously approved from a breeding soundness evaluation was introduced after the third phase and remained with the herd for 90 days. No differences were found in the follicular dynamics;the number of animals cycling in the two groups and fertility were also similar (80%). Differences in urea and triglycerides were found in cows with high scores of BFT. In conclusion, the decision of keeping open cows to the next breeding season must be based on an economical advantage to the farmer.

关键词： Back Fat Thickness Corpus Luteum Follicular Dynamics Tropics Zebu Cattle

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Effect of the Technological Status of Small Cow-Calf Farm Producers on the Induction to Resumption of Ovarian Activity of Dual-Purpose Cattle Raised under Topical Conditions

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第11期10卷 195-205页

作者： Henry Velázquez Penagos Leticia Galindo Rodríguez Manuel Barrientos Morales carlos salvador galina Hidalgo Martín Guillermo Maquivar Linfoot Felipe Montiel Palacios Departamento de Reproducción Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM CDMX México Centro de Enseñ anza Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Martínez de la Torre Veracruz México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Veracruzana Veracruz México Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University Pullman Washington DC USA

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the technological level in small-scale dual-purpose cow-calf Bos indicus female operations on the resumption of the ovarian activity post-partum. A total of 13 small scale dual-purpose Bos indicus × Bos taurus operations were included in this experiment and they were classified according to their technological status as: high technological status (HT), medium technological status (MT) and low technological status (LT). Ninety-three mature cows were treated with either a CIDR (controlled internal drug release device) with estradiol benzoate (CIDR+EB) or alone (CIDR). At day 9 all animals received intravaginally a CIDR for nine days. At day 0, the CIDR was withdrawn and 24 hours later one dose of estradiol benzoate was administered to 51 cows (17 in HT, 17 in MT and 17 in LT), the remaining animals (n = 42) did not receive the estradiol benzoate administration (14 in HT, 13 in MT and 15 in LT). Comparisons were performed on serum progesterone concentrations after CIDR treatment. By day 7 after implant withdrawal, the proportion of cows that resume ovarian activity detected by progesterone concentration increased in all technological level farms, no statistical main effect was observed within technological level. By day 17 there was a significant main effect of technological level (P = 0.05) on the proportion of animal that resumed the estrous cycles, but neither a main effect of treatment (P = 0.97) nor an interaction between technological level and treatment (P = 0.98). Furthermore, technological level of the farm showed a tendency (P = 0.07) to affect that resume the estrous activity, and a significant effect of treatment was observed (P = 0.005) but no interaction between technological level and treatment. The proportion of cows that showed estrus was different across technological level (P = 0.02), the highest proportion of cows showing estrus regardless of treatment was in the H

关键词： Cattle Ovulation Technological Level Small Cow-Calf Farm Producers

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Serial Ultrasonographic Measurements to Estimate Age and Viability in Bos indicus Embryos

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine（兽医学） 2019年第7期

作者： Ana Lucia Malvaez carlos salvador galina Ivette Gutierrez Manuel Corro Jose Luis Pablos

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Open Cows in a Beef Cattle Enterprise Managed in a Seasonal Breeding Program? An Appraisal of Their Reproductive Performance Based on Body Fat Reserves

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine（兽医学） 2022年第5期

作者： josé francisco martínez pablo ortiz carlos salvador galina manuel corro ivette rubio libia pérez-torres

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Effect of the Technological Status of Small Cow-Calf Farm Producers on the Induction to Resumption of Ovarian Activity of Dual-Purpose Cattle Raised under Topical Conditions

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine（兽医学） 2020年第11期

作者： Henry Velázquez Penagos Leticia Galindo Rodríguez Manuel Barrientos Morales carlos salvador galina Hidalgo Martín Guillermo Maquivar Linfoot Felipe Montiel Palacios

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 123-124页

作者： carlos Bueno salvador Martínez Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante(UMH-CSIC) San JuanAlicanteSpain

Human neurological disorders and spinal cord injuries are caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal *** proof-ofprinciple of cell therapy is that replacing damaged cells with new healthy ones will restore the lost *** and manipulating autologous neural stem cells(NSCs)could provide an ideal source of cells for use in cell replacement and the transfer of genes to a diseased central nervous *** are immature cells present,not only during embryonic development,but also in the adult brain of all mammalian species,including *** presence of NSCs in the adult mammalian brain has been described in two neurogenic niches,the ventricular-subventricular zone(V-SVZ)of the anterolateral ventricle wall and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate ***,NSCs are defined as self-renewing multipotent cells that can generate neurons,astrocytes and *** major barrier to isolating adult NSCs in humans is the inaccessibility of living *** this reason,an enormous effort has been made to derive neurons from human adult stem cells isolated from various tissue sources.

关键词： injuries ventricular adult

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Developments and characteristics of craft beer production processes

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Food Bioscience 2022年第1期45卷 232-248页

作者： salvador Villacreces carlos A.Blanco Isabel Caballero Dpto de Ingeniería Agrícola Forestal ETS de Ingenierías AgrariasUniversidad de Valladolid34004Palencia.Spain

Beer is a popular drink and represents the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in the *** recent years,there has been a significant growth of independent craft breweries,even in countries without a brewing tradition.A craft brewery is usually defined as a small,independent and traditional ***,consumers are looking for genuine,singular,different and high-quality *** beer manufacturers have responded to this with the introduction of a novel combination of raw or malted cereals and have modified the beer flavours and taste with the addition of fruit,spices,*** work presents an analysis of the different aspects related to craft *** characteristics and brewing singularities are *** quality and safety standards used are examined and future trends of craft beer are also discussed.

关键词： Craft beer Ingredients Craft beer quality By-products Microbiological safety

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High interpretable machine learning classifier for early glaucoma diagnosis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第3期14卷 393-398页

作者： carlos salvador Fernandez Escamez Elena Martin Giral Susana Perncho Martinez Nicolas Toledano Fernandez Ophthalmology Department Hospital de FuenlabradaMadrid 28942Spain Doctorate Program in Heath Sciences Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcon 28922MadnidSpain

AIM:To develop a classifier for differentiating between healthy and early stage glaucoma eyes based on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thicknesses measured with optical coherence tomography(OCT),using machine learning algorithms with a high ***:Ninety patients with early glaucoma and 85 healthy eyes were *** glaucoma eyes showed a visual field(VF)defect with mean deviation>-6.00 d B and characteristic glaucomatous *** thickness in every quadrant,clock-hour and average thickness were used to feed machine learning *** analysis was conducted to detect and exclude *** gradient boosting algorithms were used to calculate the importance of parameters on the classifier and to check the relation between their values and its impact on the *** with the lowest importance were excluded and a weighted decision tree analysis was applied to obtain an interpretable *** under the ROC curve(AUC),accuracy and generalization ability of the model were estimated using cross validation ***:Average and 7 clock-hour RNFL thicknesses were the parameters with the highest impor *** between parameter values and impact on classification displayed a stepped pattern for average *** tree model revealed that average thickness lower than 82μm was a high predictor for early *** scores had AUC of 0.953(95%CI:0.903-0998),with an accuracy of 89%.CONCLUSION:Gradient boosting methods provide accurate and highly interpretable classifiers to discriminate between early glaucoma and healthy *** and 7-hour RNFL thicknesses have the best discriminant power.

关键词： machine learning glaucoma diagnosis optical coherence tomography

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