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multiple ecological strategies explain the distribution of exotic and native C_(4) grasses in heterogeneous early successional sites in Hawai’i

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第3期10卷 426-439页

作者： Rafael de Oliveira Xavier carla m.d’antonio Ecology and Conservation Lab Department of HydrobiologyFederal University of São CarlosWashington Luís Highwaykm 235São CarlosSão Paulo 13565-905Brazil Environmental Studies Program 4312-L Bren University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Aims Biotic homogenization results in novel communities contain-ing multiple exotic *** attributes that contribute to the dominance of invaders and increase invasibility of communities have been identified,but rarely have factors governing the domi-nance of co-occurring invaders been *** we assess the presence and performance of five exotic and one native C_(4) grass species across local(microsite)and more broad-scale variation in fire history,soil age,altitude and *** ask whether species show preferences for the same conditions,whether all are constrained by poor soil development,and how their performance changes when alone versus *** addition to providing information useful to managers who want to control some of these species,such information can help to predict how distributions might change with climate change methods We measured percent cover and plant height of each grass species in 64 plots in each of 15 sites,located in young volcanic substrates across environmental gradients in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park,Hawai’i,*** varied in fire history and soil age,across altitu-dinal and precipitation *** estimated microsite heteroge-neity by measuring rock cover and soil depth,where each species was present and in plots as a *** analyzed effects of pos-sible controlling variables using chi-square tests and Generalized Additive mixed *** Findings Two species(Schizachyrium condensatum and Hyparrhenia rufa)were absent in shallow soil,restricted to more mesic sites and showed increasing performance with soil *** contrast,two other species(Andropogon virginicus and melinis repens)tended to occur in shal-low soil with high rock cover across a wide range of *** addi-tional species(melinis minutiflora)was weakly affected by soil depth and was the dominant at higher elevation(more mesic)and on burned sites,especially in old *** species was largely absent from lower elevation si

关键词： elevation gradient fire invasive species melinis minutiflora soil depth

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Autism genetics: methodological issues and experimental design

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第10期58卷 946-957页

作者： Roberto SACCO carla LINTAS antonio m.PERSICO department of Child Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics University "Campus Bio-Medico" department of Experimental Neurosciences I.R.C.C.S."Fondazione Santa Lucia"

Autism is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder of developmental origin, where multiple genetic and environmental factors likely interact resulting in a clinical continuum between "affected" and "unaffected" individuals in the general population. during the last two decades, relevant progress has been m.de in identifying chromosomal regions and genes in linkage or association with autism, but no single gene has emerged as a major cause of disease in a large number of patients. The purpose of this paper is to discuss specific methodological issues and experimental strategies in autism genetic research, based on fourteen years of experience in patient recruitment and association studies of autism spectrum.disorder in Italy.

关键词： autistic disorder endophenotype genetic association genetics pervasive developmental disorders

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Lean body mass index is a marker of advanced tumor features in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 393-404页

作者： Andrew Scott deLemos Jing Zhao milin Patel Banks Kooken Karan mathur Hieu minh Nguyen Areej mazhar maggie mcCarter Heather Burney carla Kettler Naga Chalasani Samer Gawrieh department of m.dicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNC 28204United States Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Atrium HealthCharlotteNC 28204United States department of m.dicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Center for Health System Sciences(CHASSIS) Atrium HealthCharlotteNC 28204United States department of m.dicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611United States department of Biostatistics and Health data Science Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

BACKGROUNd Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and may influence its ***,after diagnosis of HCC,like other malignancies,the obesity paradox may exist where higher body mass index(BmI)may in fact confer a survival *** is frequently observed in patients with advanced HCC and cirrhosis,who often present late with advanced tumor features and cancer related weight *** To explore the relationship between BmI and survival in patients with cirrhosis and *** This is a retrospective cohort study of over 2500 patients diagnosed with HCC between 2009-2019 at two United States academic m.dical *** and tumor characteristics were extracted manually from m.dical records of each institutions'cancer *** were stratified according to BmI classes:m^(2)(lean),25-29.9 kg/m^(2)(overweight),and>30 kg/m^(2)(obese).Patient and tumor characteristics were compared according to BmI *** perform.d an overall survival analysis using Kaplan meier by the three BmI classes and after adjusting for milan criteria.A multivariable Cox regression m.del was then used to assess known risk factors for survival in patients with cirrhosis and *** A total of 2548 patients with HCC were included in the analysis of which 11.2%(n=286)were classified as *** three main BmI categories:Lean(n=754),overweight(n=861),and obese(n=933)represented 29.6%,33.8%,and 36.6%of the total population *** each BmI class,the non-cirrhotic patients accounted for 15%(n=100),12%(n=94),and 11%(n=92),*** patients with a BmIm^(2)(n=52)were included in the lean *** the obese cohort,42%(n=396)had a BmI≥35 kg/m^(2).Out of 2262 patients with cirrhosis and HCC,654(29%)were lean,767(34%)were overweight,and 841(37%)were *** three BmI classes did not differ by age,mELd,or Child-Pugh *** hepatitis C was the dominant etiology in lea

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Obesity Body mass index class Sarcopenia Chronic hepatitis C

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Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms:How much environmental control is needed?

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 355-371页

作者： Ary A.HOFFmANN carla m.SGRÒ School of BioSciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate *** most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental ***,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative *** is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation ***,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field *** are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.

关键词： comparative studies common garden critical limits ectotherms environmental control thermal limits stress resistance

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Liver disease in pregnancy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第8期15卷 897-906页

作者： Noel m Lee carla W Brady department of m.dicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States

Liver diseases in pregnancy may be categorized into liver disorders that occur only in the setting of pregnancy and liver diseases that occur coincidentally with pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum, preeclampsia/eclampsia, syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver tests and low platelets (HELLP), acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy are pregnancy-specific disorders that may cause elevations in liver tests and hepatic dysfunction. Chronic liver diseases, including cholestatic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson disease, and viral hepatitis may also be seen in pregnancy. management of liver disease in pregnancy requires collaboration between obstetricians and gastroenterologists/hepatologists. Treatment of pregnancy-specific liver disorders usually involves delivery of the fetus and supportive care, whereas management of chronic liver disease in pregnancy is directed toward optimizing control of the liver disorder. Cirrhosis in the setting of pregnancy is less commonly observed but offers unique challenges for patients and practitioners. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of liver diseases seen in pregnancy.

关键词： Liver disease Pregnancy maternal outcome Fetal outcome Cesarean section Cholestasis Viral hepatitis.

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Adenoma incidence decreases u nder the efect of polypectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1243-1248页

作者： Isadora Rosa Paulo Fidalgo Jose Soares Susana Vinga carla Oliveira Joao P Silva Susana m Ferro Paula Chaves antonio G Oliveira Carlos N Leitao Gastroenterology department Instituto Portu-gues de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil EPE 1099-023Lisboa Portugal Faculdade de Ciencias da Safldeda Universidade da Beira Interior 6200-506 Covilha Portugal Jose Soares Gastroenterology Department Hospital de SantoAntonio EPE 4099-001 Porto Portugal Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Com-putadores: Investigacao e desenvolvimento 1000-029 LisboaPortugal Hospital de Santo antonio EPE 4099-001Porto Portugal Pathology department Instituto Portugues deOncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil EPE 1099-023 LisboaPortugal Biostatistics department Faculdade deCiencias M6dicas 1169-056 Lisboa Portugal

mm： To investigate whether, under the influence of pol ypectomy, the incidence of adenoma decreases with age.mETHOdS： Consecutive patients with colonic adenomas identified at index colonoscopy were retrospectively selected if they had undergone three or more complete colonoscopies, at least 24 mo apart. Patients who had any first-degree relative with colorectal cancer were excluded. data regarding number of adenomas at each colonoscopy, their location, size and histological classification were recorded. The monthly incidence density of adenomas after the index examination was estimated for the study population, by using the person-years method. Baseline adenomas were excluded from incidence calculations but their characteristics were correlated with recurrence at follow-up, using the X^42 test.RESULTS： One hundred and fifty-six patients were included （109 male, mean age at index colonoscopy 56.8 ± 10.3 years）, with follow-up that ranged from 48 to 232 mo. No significant correlations were observed between the number, the presence of villous component, or the size of adenomas at index colonoscopy and the presence of adenomas at subsequent colonoscopies （P = 0.49, 0.12 and 0.78, respectively）. The incidence of colonic adenomas was observed to decay from 1.4% person-months at the beginning of the study to values close to 0%, at 12 years after index colonoscopy.CONCLUSION： Our results suggest the sporadic formation of adenomas occurs within a discrete period and that, when these adenomas are removed, all neoplasia-prone clones may be extinguished.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal adenoma In-cidence Age Polypectomy

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Bowel endometriosis: Colorectal surgeon's perspective in a multidisciplinary surgical team

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15616-15623页

作者： Albert m Wolthuis Christel meuleman carla Tomassetti Thomas d'Hooghe Anthony de Buck van Overstraeten André d'Hoore department of Abdominal Surgery University Hospital Leuven Leuven University Fertility Centre department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Leuven

Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that presents as endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus and induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. Up to 15% of women in their reproductive period are affected by this condition. deep endometriosis is defined as endometriosis located more than 5 mm beneath the peritoneal surface. This type of endometriosis is mostly found on the uterosacral ligaments, inside the rectovaginal septum or vagina, in the rectosigmoid area, ovarian fossa, pelvic peritoneum, ureters, and bladder, causing a distortion of the pelvic anatomy. The frequency of bowel endometriosis is unknown, but in cases of bowel infiltration, about 90% are localized on the sigmoid colon or the rectum. Colorectal involvement results in alterations of bowel habits such as constipation, diarrhea, tenesmus, dyschezia, and, rarely, rectal *** diagnosis must be m.de in case of irritable bowel syndrome,solitary rectal ulcer syndrome,and a rectal tumor.A precise diagnosis about the presence,location,and extent of endometriosis is necessary to plan surgical *** laparoscopic treatment has become the standard of *** on the size of the lesion and site of involvement,fullthickness disc excision or bowel resection needs to be perform.d by an experienced colorectal *** outcomes,following bowel resection for severe endometriosis,regarding pain and recurrence rate are good with a pregnancy rate of 50%.

关键词： Endometriosis Colorectal endometriosis deeply infiltrative endometriosis Laparoscopy diagno-sis Treatment

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Introduction to the Special Issue on mathematical Aspects of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

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Computer m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第7期136卷 1-3页

作者： dumitru Baleanu carla m.A.Pinto Sunil Kumar department of mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania ISEP Instituto Superior de Engenharia do PortoRua Dr.António Bernardino de AlmeidaPorto4314249-015Portugal department of mathematics National Institute of TechnologyJamshedpurJharkhand831014India

The special issue presents new mathematical and computational approaches,to investigate some core problems of the computational biological *** topic presents a huge interest from both theoretical and applied *** content of this special issue was focused mainly to debate a wide range of the theory and applications of integer-order and fractional-order derivatives and fractional-order integrals in different directions of mathematical *** interdisciplinary groups reported their related results.

关键词： fractional integer mathematical

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molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第38期26卷 5759-5783页

作者： Simmone d'souza Keith CK Lau carla S Coffin Trushar R Patel department of microbiology Immunologyand Infectious DiseasesCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4ABCanada department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Alberta RNA Research and Training InstituteUniversity of LethbridgeLethbridge T1K3M4ABCanada

Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis,cancer,and liver *** cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality,of which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents 90%of all primary liver *** tumors like HCC are complex and have heterogeneous tumor genomic profiles contributing to complexity in diagnosis and *** infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis delta virus(HdV),and hepatitis C virus(HCV)are the greatest etiological risk factors for *** to the significant role of chronic viral infection in HCC development,it is important to investigate direct(viral associated)and indirect(immune-associated)mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of *** mechanisms used by HBV,HCV,and HdV that drive hepatocarcinogenesis include persistent liver inflammation with an impaired antiviral immune response,immune and viral protein-m.diated oxidative stress,and deregulation of cellular signaling pathways by viral *** integration to promote genome instability is a feature of HBV infection,and metabolic reprogramming leading to steatosis is driven by HCV *** current review aims to provide a brief overview of HBV,HCV and HdV molecular biology,and highlight specific viral-associated oncogenic mechanisms and common molecular pathways deregulated in HCC,and current as well as emerging treatments for HCC.

关键词： Chronic viral infection Hallmarks of cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis delta virus co-infection molecular mechanisms Viral hepatitis

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Cancer stem cell plasticity and tumor hierarchy

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第1期7卷 27-36页

作者： marina carla Cabrera Robert E Hollingsworth Elaine m Hurt m.dImmune LLC Department of Oncology ResearchGaithersburg MD 20878 United States

The origins of the complex process of intratumoral heterogeneity have been highly debated and different cellular mechanisms have been hypothesized to account for the diversity within a tumor. The clonal evolution and cancer stem cell(CSC) m.dels have been proposed as drivers of this heterogeneity. However, the concept of cancer stem cell plasticity and bidirectional conversion between stem and non-stem cells has added additional complexity to these highly studied paradigms and may help explain the tumor heterogeneity observed in solid tumors. The process of cancer stem cell plasticity in which cancer cel s harbor the dynamic ability of shifting from a non-CSC state to a CSC state and vice versa may be m.dulated by specific microenvironmental signals and cellular interactions arising in the tumor niche. In addition to promoting CSC plasticity, these interactions may contribute to the cellular transformation of tumor cells and affect response to chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments by providing CSCs protection from these agents. Herein, we review the literature in support of this dynamic CSC state, discuss the effectors of plasticity, and examine their role in the development and treatment of cancer.

关键词： Cancer stem cells Stem cell Plasticity Tumor hierarchy microenvironment Immune-m.diatedtherapies Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

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