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Hexachlorobenzene Episode in Turkey

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第1期2卷 36-43页

作者： AYHAN GOCMEN HENRY A.PETERS DEREK j.CRIPPS GEORGE T.BRYAN carl R.MORRIS Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine University of Hacettepe 06100 Ankara Turkey Center for Health Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 International Chemical Consultants Alexandria Virginia 22312

During the period 1955-1959, approximately 4000 people in southeast Anatolia developed porphyria due to the ingestion of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a fungicide added to wheat seedlings. These HCB exposures subsequently led to the development of bullae on sun-exposed areas, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, and porphyrinuria. The condition was called kara yara or 'black sore.' Many of the breast-fed children under the age of 2 years whose mothers had ingested HCB-treated grain died from a disease known as pembe yara or 'pink sore.' In this follow-up study of 252 patients, 20-30 years postexposure, there were 162 males and 90 females, with an average current age of 35.7 years, an average of onset of 7.6 years, and a duration of 2.2 years. Many patients had dermatologic, neurologic, and orthopedic symptoms and signs. The observed clinical findings include scarring of the face and hands (83.7％), hyperpigmentation (65％), hypertrichosis (44.8％), pinched facies (40.1％), painless arthritis (70.2％), small hands (66.6％), sensory shading (60.6％), myotonia (37.9％), cogwheeling (41.9％), enlarged thyroid (34.9％), and enlarged liver (4.8％). Urine and stool porphyrin levels were determined in all patients, and 17 have at least one of the porphyrins elevated. A total of 56 specimens of human milk obtained from mothers with porphyria were analyzed for HCB. The average value was 0.51 ppm in HCB-exposed patients compared to 0.07 ppm in unexposed controls. Offspring of mothers with three decades of HCB-induced porphyria appear normal. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Hexachlorobenzene Episode in Turkey HCB

寿命与成形性能的完美结合——PrintForm HR成形网

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中华纸业 2007年第9期28卷 36-38页

作者： carl j Taylor 福伊特造纸织物亚太区

介绍了福伊特造纸织物最新开发的新产品——PrintForm HR成形网,重点论述了这一产品的经线/纬线组合、纬线结构,以及使用效果。这种成形网采用SSB技术和8梭口反面结构,与常规结构相比,可以延长成形网的使用寿命、提高脱水能力并增强横... 详细信息

介绍了福伊特造纸织物最新开发的新产品——PrintForm HR成形网,重点论述了这一产品的经线/纬线组合、纬线结构,以及使用效果。这种成形网采用SSB技术和8梭口反面结构,与常规结构相比,可以延长成形网的使用寿命、提高脱水能力并增强横向挺度。对于采用高填料含量且纸页质量和留着率要求较高的纸机,这种耐用的成形网效果明显。

关键词：经线/纬线组合纬线结构 SSB技术性能寿命成形网福伊特织物

Biomass, litterfall and the nutrient fluxes in Chinese fir stands of different age in subtropical China

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journal of Forestry Research 2002年第3期13卷 165-170,250页

作者：马祥庆刘春江 Ilvesniemi Hannu carl j.Westman 刘爱琴中国福建农林大学杉木研究中心南平353001 德国Kiel大学生态中芬兰赫尔辛基大学森林生态系

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.), a fast-growing, ever-green conifer tree with high yield and excellent quality, is the most important tree species of timber plantations in subtropical China. We investigated the characteristics of biomass, litterfall and nutrient fluxes in the 8, 14 and 24 year-old stands, representing the young, middle-aged and mature stands. The results showed that Chinese fir plantations in central Fujian province had high productivity, and the proportion of stem mass in total biomass was between 50%-70%. Chinese fir was low nutrient-return tree species with litterfall. Nutrient withdrawal from senescing needles was a strong age-dependence for nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in Chinese fir. With a management system of such short-rotation and continuously pure-crop planting, harvesting timber can lead to great nutrient loss, which may be one of the causes for site degradation.

关键词： Chinese fir Biomass Productivity Litter fall Nutrient flux

New Quinoxaline-Based Blue Emitters: Molecular Structures, Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission Characteristics and OLED Application

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Chinese journal of Chemistry 2021年第8期39卷 2154-2162页

作者： Xiaoyu Mao Fuli Xie Xiaohui Wang Qingsong Wang Zhipeng Qiu Mark R.j.Elsegood jie Bai Xing Feng carl Redshaw Yanping Huo jian-Yong Hu Qing Chen Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter School of Material and EnergyGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710119China School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Chemistry Department Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK Department of Chemistry University of HullCottingham RoadHullYorkshire HU67RXUK Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences No.8DayangfangBeiyuanBeijingChina

Three new deep blue light emitters,bearing quinoxaline with different substituents(biphenyl/pyrene)at the 1-or 2-position,were synthesized by a Pd-catalysed coupling reaction in high yields,and were fully characterize... 详细信息

关键词： Quinoxaline Pyrene Aggregation-induced emission Solid-state structures Substituent effects

Assessing nest attentiveness of Common Terns via video cameras and temperature loggers

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 284-301页

作者： jeffery D.Sullivan Paul R.Marbán jennifer M.Mullinax David F.Brinker Peter C.McGowan carl R.Callahan Diann j.Prosser Natural Systems Analysts Winter ParkFL 32789USA Marine Estuarineand Environmental Sciences ProgramUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland1443 Animal Sciences BldgCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of Natural Resources Maryland Natural Heritage ProgramAnnapolisMD 21401USA Chesapeake Bay Field Office U.S.Fish and Wildlife ServiceAnnapolisMD 21401USA U.S.Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterLaurelMD 20708USA.

Background:While nest attentiveness plays a critical role in the reproductive success of avian species,nest attentiveness data with high temporal resolution is not available for many ***,improvements in both video monitoring and temperature logging devices present an opportunity to increase our understanding of this aspect of avian ***:To investigate nest attentiveness behaviors and evaluate these technologies,we monitored 13 nests across two Common Tern(Sterna hirundo)breeding colonies with a paired video camera-temperature logger approach,while monitoring 63 additional nests with temperature loggers *** occurred from May to August of 2017 on Poplar(Chesapeake Bay,Maryland,USA)and Skimmer Islands(Isle of Wight Bay,Maryland,USA).We examined data respective to four times of day:Morning(civil dawn‒11:59),Peak(12:00‒16:00),Cooling(16:01‒civil dusk),and Night(civil dusk‒civil dawn).Results:While successful nests had mostly short duration off-bouts and maintained consistent nest attentiveness throughout the day,failed nests had dramatic reductions in nest attentiveness during the Cooling and Night periods(p0.05),video-monitored nests did have significantly lower clutch sizes(p<0.05).Conclusions:The paired use of iButtons and video ca

关键词： Common Tern iButton Nest attentiveness Sterna hirundo Temperature logger Video monitoring

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飞机尾流控制的SPIV实验研究

实验流体力学 2009年第1期23卷 18-22页

作者：黄烁桥申功炘 Robert Konrath carl F.v. Carmer Kompenhans jürgen 北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院流体所北京100191 Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology Germany Aerospace Center (DLR) Gottingen Germany

利用简化的飞机模型,通过改变尾翼的迎角及展弦比,试图建立一种能加速自我消亡的尾流涡系统。该实验在拖曳水槽中进行,运用SPIV(体视粒子图像测速技术)系统进行测量,获得了一系列空间切面的2D/3C(二维/三分量)数据,给出了三种不同尾翼情... 详细信息

利用简化的飞机模型,通过改变尾翼的迎角及展弦比,试图建立一种能加速自我消亡的尾流涡系统。该实验在拖曳水槽中进行,运用SPIV(体视粒子图像测速技术)系统进行测量,获得了一系列空间切面的2D/3C(二维/三分量)数据,给出了三种不同尾翼情况(两种有尾翼情况及一种无尾翼情况)下的SPIV观测结果,并将这几种情况作了对比。

关键词：尾流涡 SPIV Rayleigh-Ludwieg不稳定性飞机模型水槽

Resilience of Bottomland Hardwood Stands Following Agricultural Use on the Santee Experimental Forest

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 717-726页

作者： Brooke j. Czwartacki carl C. Trettin Center for Forested Wetland Research Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Cordesville USA Center for Forested Wetland Research Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Cordesville USA.

Resilience is a key function that affects an ecosystem’s ability to recover from disturbance. Understanding the extent to which forest communities recover after a long period of disturbance without direct intervention is important to provide context for considering ecosystem response to disturbance regimes. Species composition and structure were recorded on bottomland hardwood stands that were once inland and freshwater tidal rice fields. We sampled 17 old-field sites and 7 reference sites across three geomorphic settings. The old-field sites ranged from 30 to 120 years since agricultural abandonment. A total of 89 species were found across the old field sites and reference sample areas. Of that total, trees comprised 33 species, shrubs—5 species, and vine/herbs/forbs—51 species. Using field data, combined with stand inventory records, aerial photography (1936-2010), and high-resolution LiDAR imagery, we chronicled the evolution of the forest since the cessation of agriculture. Our findings demonstrate how Pinus taeda seeded directly after the rice fields went to fallow;and this conversion of bottomland swamp to rice to pine was a direct result of water management embankments constructed across the landscape to aid in crop irrigation. The remnant water management features may still alter flooding patterns thereby affecting development of Taxodium distichum and Nyssa aquatica in the old-fields. These results suggest, that over the 100+ years forest stands on the Santee Experimental Forest have developed to represent bottomland hardwoods characteristic of the southeastern United States coastal plain.

关键词： Bottomland Hardwoods Old-Field Succession Rice Cultivation Resilience Santee Experimental Forest

Challenges in Managing Hospitalized HIV Infected Persons with Low Absolute CD4 and Preserved CD4 Percentage

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World journal of AIDS 2012年第3期2卷 237-244页

作者： Steven M. Bobula carl j. Fichtenbaum Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati USA

Background: HIV infected persons are at risk for opportunistic illnesses based upon severity of immune deficiency. Management is generally based upon the most recent absolute CD4 count. We hypothesized there is a group of patients with a low absolute CD4 count and preserved CD4 percentage that are at low risk of AIDS-related opportunistic illnesses (OI). Methods: A retrospective review of medical records in HIV-infected persons hospitalized from 2004-2006. Individuals without CD4 counts available within 180 days of admission and during hospitalization were excluded. Patients with a decrease in the absolute CD4 count during hospitalization and stable CD4 percentage were compared to the rest of the cohort. Appropriate management was defined using DHHS guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic illnesses in HIV infection. Results: 464 patients had 978 hospitalizations. In 221 hospitalizations (N = 161 patients) inpatient and outpatient CD4 counts were available. In 35 hospitalizations (N = 25 patients) the absolute CD4 count declined with stable CD4 percent (cases). Cases had an average decline in CD4 of –197 cells/mm3 compared to –5 cells/mm3 in the comparator group. 30% of comparators had AIDS defining OI's compared to none in the case group (p = 0.01). Management outside of DHHS guidelines was more common in cases compared to the comparator group (49% vs 30%, p = 0.048). The median length of stay was prolonged in cases with management outside guidelines compared to appropriately managed persons in the comparator group (7 days vs 3.5 days, p = 0.03). Conclusion: In persons on potent antiretroviral therapy, abrupt declines in absolute CD4 counts without an accompanying change in CD4 percentage are associated with a low risk of AIDS related opportunistic infection, a higher rate of in-patient management outside DHHS guidelines, and a more prolonged length of stay.

关键词： HIV CD4 Count Risk Stratification Acute Illness Opportunistic Infections

In vivo and ex vivo confocal endomicroscopy of pancreatic cystic lesions: A prospective study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3338-3348页

作者： Somashekar G Krishna Rohan M Modi Amrit K Kamboj Benjamin j Swanson Phil A Hart Mary E Dillhoff Andrei Manilchuk carl R Schmidt Darwin L Conwell Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Pathology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Deparment of General Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

To investigate the reproducibility of the in vivo endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) - guided needle based confocal endomicroscopy (nCLE) image patterns in an ex vivo setting and compare these to surgical histopathology for characterizing pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs).METHODSIn a prospective study evaluating EUS-nCLE for evaluation of PCLs, 10 subjects underwent an in vivo nCLE (AQ-Flex nCLE miniprobe; Cellvizio, MaunaKea, Paris, France) during EUS and ex vivo probe based CLE (pCLE) of the PCL (Gastroflex ultrahigh definition probe, Cellvizio) after surgical resection. Biopsies were obtained from ex vivo CLE-imaged areas for comparative histopathology. All subjects received intravenous fluorescein prior to EUS and pancreatic surgery for in vivo and ex vivo CLE imaging *** total of 10 subjects (mean age 53 ± 12 years; 5 female) with a mean PCL size of 34.8 ± 14.3 mm were enrolled. Surgical histopathology confirmed 2 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), 3 mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), 2 cystic neuroendocrine tumors (cystic-NETs), 1 serous cystadenoma (SCA), and 2 squamous lined PCLs. Characteristic in vivo nCLE image patterns included papillary projections for IPMNs, horizon-type epithelial bands for MCNs, nests and trabeculae of cells for cystic-NETs, and a “fern pattern” of vascularity for SCA. Identical image patterns were observed during ex vivo pCLE imaging of the surgically resected PCLs. Both in vivo and ex vivo CLE imaging findings correlated with surgical *** vivo nCLE patterns are reproducible in ex vivo pCLE for all major neoplastic PCLs. These findings add further support the application of EUS-nCLE as an imaging biomarker in the diagnosis of PCLs.

关键词： Confocal laser endomicroscopy Serous cystadenoma Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Pancreatic cystic neoplasm