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Involvement of cholangiocyte proliferation in biliary fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2010年第2期1卷 30-37页

作者： Sally Priester candace wise Shannon S Glaser Department of Medicine Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege of Medicine Division of Research and Education Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege of Medicine Digestive Disease Research Center Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege of Medicine

Cholangiocytes are the epithelial cells that line the biliary *** the adult liver,they are a mitotically dormant cell population,unless ductular reaction is triggered by *** ability of cholangiocytes to proliferate is important in many different human pathological liver conditions that target this cell type,which are termed cholangiopathies(*** biliary cirrhosis,primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary atresia).In our article,we provide background information on the morphological and functional heterogeneity of cholangiocytes,summarize what is currently known about their proliferative processes,and briefly describe the diseases that target these *** addition,we address recent findings that suggest cholangiocyte involvement in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation and liver fibrosis,and propose directions for future studies.

关键词： Biliary epithelium Cholangiopathies Cholestasis Integrins Liver fibrosis Proliferation

Research,Extension,and Good Farming Practices Improve Water Quality and Productivity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第1期11卷 14-30页

作者： Clinton C Shock candace B Shock Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station Scientific Ecological Services

Agriculture in southeastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho known collectively as the Treasure Valley has depended on furrow irrigation using heavy inputs of water and nitrogen （N） fertilizer. Crop rotations include onion, corn, wheat, sugar beet, potato, bean, and other crops. By 1986 groundwater had become contaminated with nitrate and residues of the herbicide chlorthal-dimethyl （DCPA）; an official groundwater management area was established by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality along with an action plan and well monitoring network. The action plan allowed for a trial period to see whether voluntary changes would improve trends. Researchers, producers, and agencies cooperated to develop production options that had the possibility of being both environmentally protective and cost effective. Options were tested to improve irrigation practices, increase N fertilizer use efficiency on several rotation crops, and find a cost effective replacement for DCPA. Research demonstrated the opportunity for increased productivity through both irrigation scheduling and the adoption of drip and sprinkler systems. Fertilizer research demonstrated that smaller, more frequent N applications were more efficient than a single large application. Effective, lower cost herbicides replaced DCPA. Research results were effectively delivered through many means and voluntarily adopted. Both groundwater nitrate and DCPA residues are declining. Productivity has increased.

关键词： DCPA drip irrigation groundwater nitrate irrigation management irrigation scheduling nutrient management voluntary cooperation

Mutation of a Gene in the Fungus Leptosphaeria maculans Allows Increased Frequency of Penetration of Stomatal Apertures of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 471-481页

作者： candace E. Elliott Harjono Barbara J. Howletta School of Botany The University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia . Current address: Laboratory of Forest Protection Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281

Leptosphaeria maculans, a pathogen of Brassica napus, is unable to invade most wild-type accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, although several mutants are susceptible. The infection pathway of L. maculans via a non-invasive inoculation method on A. thaliana Imsl （undefined）, pmr4-1 （defective in callose deposition）, and pen1-1 and pen2-1 （defective in non-host responses to several pathogens） mutants is described. On wild types Col-0 and Ler-0, hyphae are generally arrested at stomatal apertures. A T-DNA insertional mutant of L. maculans （A22） that penetrates stomatal apertures of Col-0 and Ler-0 five to seven times more often than the wild-type isolate is described. The higher penetration frequency of isolate A22 is associated with an increased hypersensitive response, which includes callose deposition. Com- plementation analysis showed that the phenotype of this isolate is due to T-DNA insertion in an intronless gene denoted as ipa （increased penetration on A rabidopsis）. This gene is predicted to encode a protein of 702 amino acids with best matches to hypothetical proteins in other filamentous ascomycetes. The ipa gene is expressed in the wild-type isolate at low levels in culture and during infection of A. thaliana and B. napus.

关键词： NONHOST RESISTANCE BRASSICA-NAPUS SECONDARY STRUCTURE DISEASE RESISTANCE SALICYLIC-ACID OILSEED RAPE

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The age of innocence

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the hypothalamic median eminence during aging

作者： Edith Wharton edited by candace Waid.

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第6期49卷 523-536页

作者： Zhen-Hua Chen Si Li Mingrui Xu candace CLiu Hongying Ye Ben Wang Qing-Feng Wu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China Department of Pathology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Baoding Second Central HospitalBaodingHebei 072750China Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China Beijing Children’s Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100045China

Aging is a slow and progressive natural process that compromises the normal functions of cells,tissues,organs,and *** aging of the hypothalamic median eminence(ME),a structural gate linking neural and endocrine systems,may impair hormone release,energy homeostasis,and central sensing of circulating molecules,leading to systemic and reproductive ***,the molecular and cellular features of ME aging remain largely ***,we describe the transcriptional landscape of young and middleaged mouse ME at single-cell resolution,revealing the common and cell type-specific transcriptional changes with *** transcriptional changes in cell-intrinsic programs,cell-cell crosstalk,and cellextrinsic factors highlight five molecular features of ME aging and also implicate several potentially druggable targets at cellular,signaling,and molecular ***,our results suggest that vascular and leptomeningeal cells may lead the asynchronized aging process among diverse cell types and drive local inflammation and cellular senescence via a unique ***,our study uncovers how intrinsic and extrinsic features of each cell type in the hypothalamic ME are changed by the aging process,which will facilitate our understanding of brain aging and provide clues for efficient anti-aging intervention at the middle-aged stage.

关键词： Hypothalamic median eminence Single-cell transcriptomic analysis Vascular and leptomeningeal cells Aging

Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton Fiber

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 205-220页

作者： Lissete Betancur Bir Singh Ryan A.Rapp Jonathan F.Wendel M. David Marks Alison W.Roberts candace H.Haigler Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Department of Crop Science North Carolina State University EEOB Department Iowa State University Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota Department of Biological Sciences CBLSUniversity of Rhode Island

Through exploring potential analogies between cotton seed trichomes （or cotton fiber） and arabidopsis shoot trichomes we discovered that CesAs from either the primary or secondary wall phylogenetic clades can support secondary wall thickening. CesA genes that typically support primary wall synthesis, AtCesA 1,2,3,5, and 6, underpin expansion and secondary wall thickening of arabidopsis shoot trichomes. In contrast, apparent orthologs of CesA genes that support secondary wall synthesis in arabidopsis xylem, AtCesA4,7, and 8, are up-regulated for cotton fiber secondary wall deposition. These conclusions arose from：（a） analyzing the expression of CesA genes in arabidopsis shoot trichomes; （b） observing birefringent secondary walls in arabidopsis shoot trichomes with mutations in AtCesA4, 7, or 8; （c） assaying up-regulated genes during different stages of cotton fiber development; and （d） comparing genes that were *** with primary or secondary wall CesAs in arabidopsis with genes up- regulated in arabidopsis trichomes, arabidopsis secondary xylem, or cotton fiber during primary or secondary wall deposition. Cumulatively, the data show that：（a） the xylem of arabidopsis provides the best model for secondary wall cellulose synthesis in cotton fiber; and （b） CesA genes within a ＂cell wall toolbox＂ are used in diverse ways for the construction of particular specialized cell walls.

关键词： Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton Fiber GUS

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长路漫漫

疯狂英语（初中天地） 2006年第12期 25-28页

作者： candace Carteen 陈顺熙

七岁的小女孩安静地坐在一栋灰旧的综合公寓楼的楼梯上,等着爸爸妈妈下来把最后几件东西放进他们那残旧的福特车里。她用又脏又破烂的蓝色毛毯裹住肩膀,然后把她那漂亮的小丑玩偶抱在怀里。她深深地吸了一口气,发出一声叹息。

关键词：平安夜圣诞树福特车爆米花路漫漫

Cellulose synthase ‘class specific regions’ are intrinsically disordered and functionally undifferentiated

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第6期60卷 481-497页

作者： Tess R.Scavuzzo-Duggan Arielle M.Chaves Abhishek Singh Latsavongsakda Sethaphong Erin Slabaugh Yaroslava G.Yingling candace H.Haigler Alison W.Roberts Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island120 Flagg RoadKingstonRI 02881USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Cellulose synthases （CESAs） are glycosyltransferases that catalyze formation of cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls. Seed plant CESA isoforms cluster in six phylogenetic clades, whose non-interchangeable members play distinct roles within cellulose synthesis complexes （CSCs）. A ＇class specific region＇（CSR）, with higher sequence similarity within versus between functional CESA classes, has been suggested to contribute to specific activities or interactions of different isoforms. We investigated CESA isoform specificity in the moss, Physcomitrella patens （Hedw.） B. S. G. to gain evolutionary insights into CESA structure/function relationships. Like seed plants, P. patens has oligomeric rosette-type CSCs, but the PpCESAs diverged independently and form a separate CESA clade. We showed that P. patens has two functionally distinct CESAs classes, based on the ability to complement the gametophore-negative phenotype of a ppcesa5 knockout line. Thus, non-interchangeable CESA classes evolved separately in mosses and seed plants. However, testing of chimeric moss CESA genes for complementation demonstrated that functional classspecificity is not determined by the CSR. Sequence analysis and computational modeling showed that the CSR is intrinsically disordered and contains predicted molecular recognition features, consistent with a possible role in CESA oligomerization and explaining the evolution of class-specific sequences without selection for class-specific function.

关键词： Uwe Sonnewald Friedrich-Alexander University Germany

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