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Measurements of 5-FU Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: 5-FU Levels Reflect the 5-FU Dose Applied

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第1期3卷 28-36页

作者： martina Blaschke Jutta Blumberg Ulrike Wegner martin Nischwitz Giuliano Ramadori Silke cameron Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology University Medicine GottingenGottingenGermany.

Introduction: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basis of most combination chemotherapies for gastrointestinal tumors. It is generally well tolerated, but side-effects might require dose-adjustment. As adverse events are not specific to the 5-FU component of the chemotherapy-combination, i.e. neutropenia, diarrhea or cardiotoxicity, the knowledge of 5-FU serum levels might help to attribute these side effects to the 5-FU compound. The optimal concentration-range (AUC, area under the curve) has been described to be within 20-25 mgh/l. The aim of this study was to analyse the intra- and interindividual variability of 5-FU AUC-levels in patients with 5-FU infusion therapy. Methods: 230 blood samples were obtained from 31 different gastrointestinal cancer patients (esophagus (8), stomach (10), ileum (1), colorectum (12)) treated with 5-FU-infusional regimes, based on a 24- or 48-hour AIO treatment-schedule. 5-FU plasma concentrations were measured using an immunolinked Elisa assay (Saladax 5-FU PCMTM). Intra- and interindividual differences were analysed before (0 h;n = 115), at 2 - 3 hours after the start of infusional 5-FU treatment (n = 19) (early sampling) and towards the end of the infusion (n = 96) (late sampling). Results: Early blood sampling resulted in low 5-FU plasma concentrations (541 ± 127 g/ml) due to saline prefilling (2 - 3 ml) of the Baxter pump. Blood sampling at the later time-point resulted in reproducible values (971 ± 81 ng/ml). 5-FU concentrations were dose-dependent with low intra- and interindividual variability. However, care has to be taken, as the results can be influenced by inaccurate blood sampling: too early or late sampling (when the folfusor-pump is empty), delayed centrifugation of the tube or hemolysis. Conclusions: With critical analysis of the measurements and correct performance of blood sampling, the measurement of 5-FU plasma concentrations with the immunoassay may in the future allow to optimize 5-FU dosing and to identify the cause

关键词： 5-FU Plasma Concentration Immunolinked Elisa Assay

Resilient and Inclusive Prosperity within Planetary Boundaries

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China & World Economy 2014年第5期22卷 76-92页

作者： cameron Hepburn Eric Beinhocker J.Doyne Farmer Alexander Teytelboym Institute for New Economic Thinking at Oxford martin School the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of Oxford the Grantham Research Institute at the London School of Economics and Political Science Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford martin School Blavatnik School of Government University of Oxford Mathematical Institute University of Oxford University of Oxford Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The current model of economic growth generated unprecedented increases in human wealth and prosperity during the 19th and 2Oth centuries. The main mechanisms have been the rapid pace of technological and social innovation, human capital accumulation, and the conversion of resources and natural capital into more valuable forms of produced capital. However, there is evidence emerging that this model may be approaching environmental limits and planetary boundaries, and that the conversion of natural capital needs to slow down rapidly and then be reversed Some commentators have asserted that in order for this to occur, we will need to stop growing altogether and, instead, seek prosperity without growth. Others argue that environmental concerns are low-priority luxuries to be contemplated once global growth has properly returned to levels observed prior to the 2008 financial crisis. A third group argues that there is no trade-off and, instead,, promotes green growth： the （politically appealing） idea is that we can simultaneously grow and address our environmental problems. This paper provides a critical perspective on this debate and suggests that asubstantial researc＇h agenda is required to come to grips with these challenges. One place to start is with the relevant metrics： measures of per-capitawealth, and, eventually, quantitative measures of prosperity, alongside a dashboard of other sustainability indicators. A public andpoliticalfocus on wealth （a stock）, and its annual changes, could realistically complement the current focus on market-based gross output as measured by GDP （a flow）. This could have important policy implications, but deeper changes to governance and business models will be required.

关键词： green growth limits to growth planetary boundaries resilience sustainable prosperity

热风炉内氧—燃料燃烧——减少30%CO2排放的基础

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世界钢铁 2014年第5期14卷 7-14页

作者： Andy cameron Andy Richardson Reed Heine Peter martin 仇晓磊英国燃气公司 2. 林德气体公司 3. 西门子工业有限公司

"无焰"氧—燃料燃烧是一项成形技术,已在钢包预热和加热炉上应用。在应用过程中发现,该项技术可以节省约50%的燃料,同时也可以减少CO2排放。将部分无焰氧—燃料燃烧原理应用到高炉热风炉是一种新的尝试。与传统燃烧方式相比,该技术可使... 详细信息

"无焰"氧—燃料燃烧是一项成形技术,已在钢包预热和加热炉上应用。在应用过程中发现,该项技术可以节省约50%的燃料,同时也可以减少CO2排放。将部分无焰氧—燃料燃烧原理应用到高炉热风炉是一种新的尝试。与传统燃烧方式相比,该技术可使操作成本大幅降低,这是源于其有效的废热回收,以及采用"热"的富氧烟气循环来替代"冷"空气。由于用二氧化碳替代了不辐射的氮分子,增强了炉内的热量传递。氧—燃料燃烧概念的一个重要推论就是烟道烟气中CO2的体积分数大约可提升40%~50%,且质量流量变为原来的两倍。该项技术容易实现低成本碳捕获,而且如果实现碳封存,那么就有可能减少整个炼钢流程中大约30%的碳足迹。

关键词：燃料热风炉 CO2排放

Measurements of 5-FU Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: 5-FU Levels Reflect the 5-FU Dose Applied

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A solution scan of societal options to reduce transmission and spread of respiratory viruses:SARS-CoV-2 as a case study

Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第1期

作者： martina Blaschke Jutta Blumberg Ulrike Wegner martin Nischwitz Giuliano Ramadori Silke cameron

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第2期3卷 84-90页

作者： William J.Sutherland Nigel G.Taylor David C.Aldridge Philip martin Catherine Rhodes Gorm Shackelford Simon Beard Haydn Belfield Andrew J.Bladon cameron Brick Alec P.Christie Andrew P.Dobson Harriet Downey Amelia S.C.Hood Fangyuan Hua Alice C.Hughes Rebecca M.Jarvis Douglas MacFarlane William H.Morgan Anne-ChristineMupepele Stefan J.Marciniak Cassidy Nelson SeánÓhÉigeartaigh Clarissa Rios Rojas Katherine A.Sainsbury Rebecca K.Smith Lalitha S.Sundaram Ann Thornton John Watkins Thomas B.White Kate Willott Silviu O.Petrovan BioRISC(Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s) St Catharine’s CollegeCambridge CB21RLUK Department of Zoology University of CambridgeThe David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StreetCambridge CB23QZUK Tour du Valat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands13200 ArlesFrance Centre for the Study of Existential Risk University of CambridgeCB21SBUK Department of Social Psychology University of AmsterdamNieuwe Achtergracht 129 B1018 WT AmsterdamNetherlands Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 117 Eno HallPrinceton UniversityNJ 08544USA Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871PR China Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaYunnan 666303PR China Te Kura Putaiao-School of Science Auckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand School of Psychological Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerth35 Stirling HwyCrawley WA 6009Australia Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Biometry and Environmental System AnalysisUniversity of FreiburgGermany Cambridge Institute for Medical Research University of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusThe Keith Peters BuildingHills RoadCambridge CB20XYUK Future of Humanity Institute University of OxfordOxford OX11PTUK Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationUniversity of Alberta2-130V Van Vliet 21 Complex(University Hall)EdmontonAlberta T6G 2H9Canada Division of Population Medicine School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144YSUK

Societal biosecurity–measures built into everyday society to minimize risks from pests and diseases–is an important aspect of managing epidemics and *** aimed to identify societal options for reducing the transmission and spread of respiratory *** used SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)as a case study to meet the immediate need to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and eventually transition to more normal societal conditions,and to catalog options for managing similar pandemics in the *** used a‘solution scanning’*** read the literature;consulted psychology,public health,medical,and solution scanning experts;crowd-sourced options using social media;and collated comments on a ***,we present a list of 519 possible measures to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and *** provide a long list of options for policymakers and businesses to consider when designing biosecurity plans to combat SARS-CoV-2 and similar pathogens in the *** also developed an online application to help with this *** encourage testing of actions,documentation of outcomes,revisions to the current list,and the addition of further options.

关键词： Biosecurity Coronavirus COVID-19 Disease control New normal Public health

莱文森调查:元新闻话语交锋与英国报业监管困境

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新闻界 2021年第6期 84-93页

作者：钱婕马丁·康伯伊咸学文山东师范大学新闻与传媒学院山东济南250014 英国谢菲尔德大学新闻学院英国谢菲尔德S102TN

2011年11月卡梅伦政府启动的莱文森调查以来,迄今已有9年。以《英国新闻评论》杂志2011年第3期至2019年全年的文章为语料库,可以看到围绕莱文森调查话语交锋背后,元新闻话语是统一和稳定的。通过界定威胁、明晰边界、范式修复的话语策略... 详细信息

2011年11月卡梅伦政府启动的莱文森调查以来,迄今已有9年。以《英国新闻评论》杂志2011年第3期至2019年全年的文章为语料库,可以看到围绕莱文森调查话语交锋背后,元新闻话语是统一和稳定的。通过界定威胁、明晰边界、范式修复的话语策略,莱文森的支持者和反对者共同表达了反对法定监管的态度,重申了媒体自治的元新闻话语。莱文森方案以失败告终,但监管问题就此搁置。报业对任何形式监管的激烈反抗、政客对媒体的政治怯懦以及自由主义元新闻话语在社会范围内的霸权地位,让英国面临既无法有效自律,又很难让监管更进一步的困局。

关键词：莱文森元新闻话语法定监管

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING