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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith liwen Zhou cameron l.g.erg.erehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman george D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEg) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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Pyramid-Textured Antireflective Silicon Surface In graphene Oxide/Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2018年第4期1卷 232-240页

作者： lePing Yu Munkhbayar Batmunkh Mahnaz Dadkhah cameron J.Shearer Joseph g.Shapter Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSA 5042Australia School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai201620PR China Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSA 5042Australia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of QueenslandSt.Lucia Qld 4072Australia Department of Chemistry The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

Antireflection layers are commonly used in photovoltaics to increase light absorption and therefore increase maximum ***,pyramid structures are created on Si surfaces with alkaline solution *** extent of pyramid cover... 详细信息

关键词： antireflection treatment carbon nanotubes solar cells

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Conundrums and confusions regarding how polyethylene glycol-fusion produces excellent behavioral recovery after peripheral nerve injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 53-57页

作者： george D.Bittner Dale R.Sengelaub cameron l.g.erg.erehchi Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at Austin Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at Austin

Current Neuroscience dogma holds that transections or ablations of a segment of peripheral nerves produce：（1） Immediate loss of axonal continuity, sensory signaling, and motor control; （2） Wallerian rapid （1-3 days） degeneration of severed distal axons, muscle atrophy, and poor behavioral recovery after many months （if ever, after ablations） by slowly-regenerating （1 mm/d）, proximal-stump outgrowths that must specifically reinnervate denervated targets; （3） Poor acceptance of microsutured nerve allografts, even if tissue-matched and immune-suppressed. Repair of transections/ablations by neurorrhaphy and well-specified-sequences of PEg-fusion solutions （one containing polyethylene glycol, PEg） successfully address these problems. However, conundrums and confusions regarding unorthodox and dramatic results of PEg-fusion repair in animal model systems often lead to misunderstandings. For example, （1） Axonal continuity and signaling is re-established within minutes by non-specifically PEg-fusing （connecting） severed motor and sensory axons across each lesion site, but remarkable behavioral recovery to near-unoperated levels takes several weeks; （2） Many distal stumps of inappropriately-reconnected, PEg-fused axons do not ever （Wallerian） degenerate and continuously innervate muscle fibers that undergo much less atrophy than otherwise-denervated muscle fibers; （3） Host rats do not reject PEg-fused donor nerve allografts in a non-immuno-privileged environment with no tissue matching or immunosuppression; （4） PEg fuses apposed open axonal ends or seals each shut （thereby preventing PEg-fusion）, depending on the experimental protocol; （5） PEg-fusion protocols produce similar results in animal model systems and early human case studies. Hence, iconoclastic PEg-fusion data appropriately understood might provoke a re-thinking of some Neuroscience dogma and a paradigm shift in clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.

关键词： axonal repair axotomy Wallerian degeneration polyethylene glycol allograft autograft nerve regeneration

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Practical guide to improving diagnostic sensitivity of bile duct brushings

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第4期20卷 396-399页

作者： Ioannis C Varbobitis Jonathan C Booth cameron l griffiths Nishchay Chandra Department of gastroenterology Royal Berkshire HospitalReading RG15ANUK

Despite recent advances in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) endoscopy,pancreatobiliary (PB) tract brushing remains the first diagnostic approach in cases of indeterminate PB *** accurate cytological diagnosis is critical to establishing an early and definite diagnosis before proceeding to aggressive chemotherapy regimens or major operations like a Whipple’s procedure.

关键词： diagnosis chemotherapy regimen

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Progress of Pb-Sn Mixed Perovskites for Photovoltaics: A Review

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第2期5卷 370-400页

作者： Rajapakshe Mudiyanselage Indrachapa Bandara Shashini M.Silva cameron C.l.Underwood K.D.g.Imalka Jayawardena Radu A.Sporea S.Ravi P.Silva Advanced Technology Institute Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford Surrey GU27XHUnited Kingdom

Pb-Sn mixed perovskites are becoming increasingly popular as narrowbandgap(1.2–1.3 eV)light absorbers in single-junction perovskite solar cells(PSCs)and as bottom cells for all-perovskite tandem solar cells,for highefficiency,low-cost,lightweight,roll-to-roll printable photovoltaic(PV)*** the first report of planar Pb:Sn mixed PSCs in 2014,the power conversion efficiencies(PCE)have increased from 10%to 21%by the end of 2020 with an exponential growth in research conducted in this *** much effort,the performance and stability of Pb-Sn mixed PSCs are still limited,which constrains their long-term use in all-perovskite tandem *** review highlights the avenues explored in improving different aspects of Pb-Sn mixed PSCs and provides a comprehensive discussion of the interdependent factors affecting the device *** includes compositional engineering of the perovskite crystal,absorber layer fabrication and crystallization methods,bandgap tuning,Sn4+reduction,and surface passivation of the absorber layer,as well as the selection of interlayers and electrodes of the final PSC.

关键词： inorganic-organic hybrids lead-tin mixed perovskites perovskites photovoltaics solution-processed

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Transthoracic echo: A sensitive tool for detecting cardiac extension of renal cell carcinoma?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第8期2卷 377-379页

作者： Michelle Bejarano Yara l cameron Theodore C Koutlas Assad Movahed Department of Cardiovascular Sciences East Carolina Heart Institute and Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States

Renal cell carcinoma is a common urological malignancy with the unique ability to invade the inferior vena cava(IVC) and to extend into the right atrium of the heart. Of those with Renal cell carcinoma only 4%-25% are found to have IVC invasion and of those only 2%-10% extend into the right atrium. If treated surgically, extension of tumor thrombus is not a determinant of survival; therefore it is imperative to determine the presence and extent of tumor thrombus in order to determine surgical approach and tumor resection. To date this has been primarily accomplished by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. We present a case of 61 years old African American woman in which transthoracic echocardiography provided a more accurate determination/characterization of the presence and degree of tumor thrombus and extension.

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma Tumor thrombus Cardiac extension Right atrial mass

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Methylene blue enhances polyethylene glycol-fusion repair of completely severed rat sciatic nerves

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2056-2063页

作者： cameron l.g.erg.erehchi Jaimie T.Shores Joseph Alderete Erik K.Weitzel george D.Bittner Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Surgery RESTOR LaboratorySan AntonioTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Complete transection of peripheral mixed nerves immediately produces loss of sensory perception,muscle contractions and voluntary behavior mediated by the severed distal *** contrast to natural regeneration(~1 mm/d)of proximal axons that may eventually reinnervate denervated targets,re-innervation is restored within minutes by PEg-fusion that consists of neurorrhaphy and a sequence of well specified hypo-and isotonic calcium-free or calcium-containing solutions,the anti-oxidant methylene blue(MB)and the membrane fusogen polyethylene glycol(PEg).In this study,we examined the relative efficacy of PEg-fusion with no MB(0%),0.5%MB,or 1%MB on the recovery of voluntary behaviors by female Sprague-Dawley rats with a complete mid-thigh severance of their sciatic nerve bathed in extracellular fluid or calcium-containing isotonic *** recovery of voluntary behaviors is the most relevant measure of success of any technique to repair peripheral nerve *** assessed recovery by the sciatic functional index,a commonly used measure of voluntary hindlimb behaviors following complete sciatic *** reported that both 1%MB and 0.5%MB in sterile distilled water in our PEg-fusion protocol with neurorrhaphy significantly increased the rate and extent of behavioral recovery compared to PEg plus neurorrhaphy ***,0.5%MB was as effective as 1%MB in voluntary behavioral recovery as assessed by the sciatic functional *** sterile 1%MB is no longer clinically available,we therefore recommend that 0.5%MB be included in upcoming human clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of *** animal procedures were approved by the University of Texas Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(AUP-2019-00225)on September 9,2020.

关键词： axotomy methylene blue nerve repair neurorrhaphy peripheral nerve injury polyethylene glycol fusion sciatic nerve

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Divergence and constraint in the thermal sensitivity of aquatic insect swimming performance

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 555-564页

作者： Alisha A.SHAH Eva M.S.Bacmeister Juan g.Rubalcaba cameron K.ghalambor Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80526USA Division of Biological Sciences University of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA Department of Biology McGill University1205 Docteur PenfieldMontrealQCCanada Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)TrondheimNorway

Environmental temperature variation may play a significant role in the adaptive evolutionary divergence of ectotherm thermal performance curves(TPCs).However,divergence in TPCs may also be constrained due to various ***,we measured TPCs for swimming velocity of temperate and tropical mayflies(Family:Baetidae)and their stonefly predators(Family:Perlidae)from different *** predicted that differences in seasonal climatic regimes would drive divergence in TPCs between temperate and tropical *** tropical temperatures should favor the evolution of"specialists"that perform well across a narrow range of ***,variable temperatures in temperate zones,however,should favor"generalists"that perform well across a broad range of *** phylogenetically paired comparisons of mayflies and stoneflies,swimming speed was generally unaffected by experimental temperature and did not differ among populations between latitudes,suggesting a maintenance of performance breadth across elevation and *** exception was found between temperate and tropical mayflies at low elevation where climatic differences between latitudes are *** addition,TPCs did not differ between mayflies and their stonefly predators,except at tropical low *** results indicate that divergence in TPCs may be con strai ned in aquatic in sects except under the most differe nt ther・mal regimes,perhaps because of trade-offs that reduce thermal sensitivity and increase performance breadth.

关键词： aquatic insects climate variability elevation latitude predator-prey swimming performance thermal performance curve

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Optimizing oncolytic virus design:a“Swiss army knife”approach to create a systemically delivered therapeutic

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1791-1792页

作者： Carolina S.Ilkow John cameron Bell Ottawa Hospital Research Institute 501 Smyth RoadOttawaONK1H 8L6Canada

In a recent paper published in Nature Biotechnology,Chen et al.1 describe a multiplex oncolytic virus platform that coupled with adoptive T cell therapy could solve the problem of repeat,systemic delivery of virus based *** is widely accepted that multi-targeted therapeutic approaches attacking several facets of cancer biology are necessary to effectively deal with the tumor heterogeneity that exists within and between patients.

关键词： therapeutic al. targeted

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Polymer graph neural networks for multitask property learning

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1420-1429页

作者： Owen Queen gavin A.McCarver Saitheeraj Thatigotla Brendan P.Abolins cameron l.Brown Vasileios Maroulas Konstantinos D.Vogiatzis Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-1320USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-2250USA Department of Chemistry University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-1600USA Eastman Chemical Company KingsportTN 37660USA

The prediction of a variety of polymer properties from their monomer composition has been a challenge for material informatics,and their development can lead to a more effective exploration of the material *** this work,POlYMergNN,a multitask machine learning architecture that relies on polymeric features and graph neural networks has been developed towards this *** provides accurate estimates for polymer properties based on a database of complex and heterogeneous polyesters(linear/branched,homopolymers/copolymers)with experimentally refined *** POlYMergNN,each polyester is represented as a set of monomer units,which are introduced as molecular graphs.A virtual screening of a large,computationally generated database with materials of variable composition was performed,a task that demonstrates the applicability of the POlYMergNN on future studies that target the exploration of the polymer ***,a discussion on the explainability of the models is provided.

关键词： properties space polyester

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