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Florivory by the occupants of phytotelmata in flower parts can decrease host plant fecundity

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current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 69-79页

作者： caio c.c.mIssAGIA maria Alice s.ALVEs Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPavilhao Haroldo Lisboa da CunhaSala 224Rua Sao Francisco Xavier524MaracanaRio de Janeiro 20550-013Brazil Department of Ecology Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPavilhao Haroldo Lisboa da CunhaSala 220Rua Sao Francisco Xavier524MaracanaRio de Janeiro 20550-013Brazil

some types of plant accumulate liquid in their inflorescences creating phytotelmata.These environments protect the flowers against florivory,although they may be colonized by aquatic or semiaquatic florivorous insect larvae,whose effects on the fitness of the plants remain unclear.We tested the hypothesis of floral antagonism by the occupants of phytotelmata,which predicts that florivory by the occupants of the phytotelmata represents a cost to the female fitness of the plant,reducing its fecundity.We manipulated experimentally the infestation by 3 florivores larvae species occupants of phytotelmata in inflorescences of Heliconia spathocircinata(Heliconiaceae)to test for negative direct trophic effects on the fecundity of the flowering and fruiting bracts.We found that the foraging of the hoverfly(syrphidae)and moth(Lepidoptera)larvae in the inflorescences contributed to a decline in the fecundity of the plant.While the lepidopteran impacted fecundity when foraging in both flowering and fruiting bracts,the syrphid only affected the fruiting bracts,which indicates that the nectar and floral tissue are the principal resource exploited by the hoverfly.By contrast,soldier fly(stratiomyidae)had a neutral effect on fecundity,while foraging in flowering or fruiting bracts.These findings corroborate our hypothesis,that herbivory by the larval occupants represents cost to the host plant having phytotelmata.The negative influence of this foraging on plant fecundity will nevertheless depend on the consequences of the exploitation of resources,which vary considerably in ephemeral habitats such as the phytotalmanta of flower parts.

关键词： Atlantic forest Brazil florivory frugivory Heliconia water-held plants

Effects of the availability of floral resources and neighboring plants on nectar robbery in a specialized pollination system

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current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 541-548页

作者： Júlia mendonça Almeida caio césar corrêa missagia maria Alice santos Alves Graduação Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO)CEPAvenida Pasteur458Rio de Janeiro 22290-240Brazil Departamento de Ecologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes(IBRAG)Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves e ComportamentoUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UERJ)Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil Departamento de Ecologia IBRAGLaboratório de Ecologia de Aves UERJ.Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil

many plants pollinated by nectar-foraging animals have to maintain a balance between legitimate visitor attraction strategies and mechanisms that minimize illegitimate visits.This study investigated how floral display and neighboring species composition influences nectar robbing by hummingbirds in the tropical ornithophilous herb Heliconia spathocircinata.We tested the role of inflorescence display,flower abundance,and neighboring species in the reduction of nectar robbing in H.spathocircinata.Our results indicate that nectar robbing hummingbird activity was higher in moderately large inflorescence displays and that the frequency of nectar robbing in H.spathocircinata decreases with increased flower abundance and the presence of neighboring plant species.Neighboring non-ornithophilous plants decreased the frequency of nectar robbing in H.spathocircinata flowers to a greater extent than ornithophilous ones.These results suggest that nectar robbing hummingbirds are attracted to similar conditions that attract legitimate visitors and that spatial aggregation and mixed-species displays may represent a mechanism to dilute nectar robbing effects at an individual level.

关键词： Brazilian Atlantic forest density floral antagonists Heliconiaceae

Parametric modeling simulation for an origami shaped canopy

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2020年第1期9卷 67-81页

作者： caio D.c.Lucarelli Joyce c.carlo Department of Architecture and Urban Planning Universidade Federal de Vi(c)osaVi(c)osa36570-000Brazil

This study perceives the developing process of a parameterization modeling in Grasshopper(R)for complex surfaces using building simulation,considering Annual Average of Hourly Radiation as the key-variable.The major goal of this article is to create,simulate and analyze through factorial analysis a modular canopy,based on Origami.The methodology applied consisted of the selection of the form,canopy parameterization,factorial analysis and simulation for radiation.Ladybug(R),together with EnergyPlusTm,were used to carry out the simulations.The object of study was the process of creation of a canopy.In countries with hot and humid climates,such as Brazil,the roofing areas are critical parts of building envelopes,highly susceptible to solar radiation.The simulation was performed for a full year for Vi(c)osa,mG(Latitude 20°45′14″s,Longitude 42°52′55″W,Altitude 648 m),but due to parameterization,the canopy can be simulated anywhere else.As main results,the factorial analysis contributed for determining that the slope of the canopy was the most robust factor to the detriment of the cardinal and collateral orientations.For the best case scenario,the simulation generated levels of comfort of about 74.0%with 15.4%Hot and 10.6%cold for natural conditioned spaces.

关键词： Parameterization Radiation analysis AsHRAE adaptive comfort statistical analysis complex surfaces

Estimation of efferent inhibition and speech in noise perception on vocal musicians and music sleepers: A comparative study

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Journal of Otology 2023年第2期18卷 91-96页

作者： m.Badariya c.s.swathi sahlah shameer AWH special college KallaiCalicut673003KeralaIndia

1.Introduction The arrangement of sound in different sequences is necessary for the great art of music.It is composed of precisely scheduled quasi-periodic segments of rich harmonic complexity(notes and syllables),interrupted by transients,bursts of noise,and/or silence(Varnet et al.,2015).melody,rhythm,harmony,timbre,shape,and style are some of the different aspects of music(Kemper and Danhauer,2005).The richness of music makes it an ideal subject for studying the workings of the human auditory system.Training effects are also known to improve cortical plasticity,which can strengthen common subcortical networks.A variety of learning methodologies have focused on either a single sensory modality task or more challenging tasks requiring higher-order cognitive abilities and sensorimotor linkages in order to investigate neuroplasticity(Zatorre et al.,2012).(Li et al.,2014;siuda-Krzywicka et al.,2016).A number of non-musical abilities,such as auditory attention,speech perception in noisy contexts,pitch pattern analysis,temporal resolution,duration discrimination,and auditory working memory,are significantly improved through training(J€ancke,2012;Kraus et al.,2012).

关键词： noise auditory arrangement

Using optical coherence tomography images to evaluate fungal growth in reline resins

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health sciences 2023年第3期16卷 113-123页

作者： mayra m.Aquino caio B.s.maior Nathália A.E.Lins cláudia c.B.O.mota Patricia L.A.Nascimento 3nderson s.L.Gomes Graduate Program in Dentistry Universidade Federal de Pernambuco(UFPE)Recife Brazil center of Risk Analysis Reliability Engineering and Environmental modeling Universidade Federal de Pernambuco(UFPE)Recife Brazil Faculty of Dentistry centro Universitario Tabosa de Almeida(AscEs)caruaru Brazil Department of Physics Universidade Federal de Pernambuco(UFPE)Recife Brazil

As changes in hard or soft oral tissues normally have a microbiological component,it is important to develop diagnostic techniques that support clinical evaluation,without destroying microbio-logical formation.The optical coherence tomography(OcT)represents an alternative to analyze tissues and microorganisms without the need for processing.This imaging technique could be defined as a fast,real-time,in situ,and non-destructive method.Thus,this study proposed the use of the OcT to visualize biofilm by candida albicans in reline resins for removable prostheses.Three reline resins(silagum-comfort,coe comfort,and soft-confort),with distinct char-acteristics related to wa ter sorption and fungal inhibition were used.A total of 30 samples(10 for each resin group)were subjected to OcT scanning before and 96 h after inoculation with candida albicans(URm 6547).The biofilm analysis was carried out through a 2D optical callisto sD-OcT(930 nm)operated in the spectral domain.Then,the images were preprocessed using a3×3 Gaussian filter to remove the noise,and then Otsu binarization,allowing segmentation and pixel counting.The layer's biofilm formed was clearly defined and,indeed,its visualization is modified by water sorption of each material.silagum-comfort and soft.confort showed some similarities in the scattering of light between the clean and inoculated samples,in which,the latter samples presented higher values of light signal intensity.coe-comfort samples were the only ones that showed no di®erences between the clean or inoculated images.Therefore,the results of this study suggest that OcT is a viable technique to visualize the biolm in reline materials.Becausendings in the literature are still scarcely using the OcT technique to visualize biolm in reline resins,further studies are encouraged.It should not contain any references or displayed equations.

关键词： OcT reline resin biofilm removable prosthesis.

Effect of B_(4)c on strength coefficient,cold deformation and work hardening exponent characteristics of mg composites

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2022年第5期10卷 1381-1400页

作者： s.suresh m.Navaneetha Krishnan s.c.Vettivel Department of mechanical Engineering University College of EngineeringNagercoilTamilnaduIndiaPin:629004 Department of mechanical Engineering Universal College of Engineering and TechnologyVallioorTamilnaduIndiaPin:627117 Department of mechanical Engineering Chandigarh College of Engineering and TechnologyChandiagarh 160019India

The emphasis of this exploration was to examine the workability and work hardening performance of mg(magnesium)specimen and mg-B_(4)c composites created via the powder metallurgy technique.The pure mg and mg-B_(4)c composites are made with distinct weight percentages(mg-5%B_(4)c,mg-10%B_(4)c,and mg-15%B_(4)c)at the unit aspect ratio.The powders and composites characterization are executed by sEm(scanning Electron microscope),EDs(Energy Dispersive spectrum)with an elemental map,and XRD(X-ray Diffraction)examination.It displays that,the B_(4)c particles were dispersed consistently with the mg matrix.The workability and work hardening examination was conducted in triaxial stress conditions using the cold deformation process.The consequence of workability stress exponent factor(β_(σ)),distinct stress proportion factors(σ_(m)/σ_(eff)and σ_(θ)/σ_(eff)),instantaneous work hardening exponent(n_(1)),work hardening exponent(n),coefficient of strength(k)and instantaneous coefficient of strength(k_(1))are recognized.The outcome displays that mg-15%B_(4)c specimen has greater workability and work hardening parameter,initial relative density,and triaxial stresses compared with the mg specimen and mg-(5–10%)B_(4)c composites.

关键词： Powder metallurgy cold deformation Workability Instantaneous work hardening exponent Workability stress exponent Triaxial stress

Evaluation of disinfection byproducts for their ability to affect mitochondrial function

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2022年第7期34卷 295-304页

作者： George William Kajjumba Rachael E.Bokota matias Attene-Ramos Erica J.marti Department of civil and Environmental Engineering University of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Milken Institute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington UniversityWashington DCUSA

In the race to deliver clean water to communities through potable water reuse, disinfection and water quality assessment are and will continue to be fundamental factors. There are over 700 disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in water;evaluating each compound is practically impossible and very time consuming. A bioanalytical approach could be an answer to this challenge. In this work, the response of four major classes of DBPs toward mitochondrial membrane potential( Δψm) and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphate(c-ATP) was investigated with human carcinoma(Hep G2) cells. Within 90 min of cell exposure, only the haloacetic acid(HAA) mixture caused a cytotoxic response as measured by c-ATP. All four groups(haloacetonitriles(HANs), trihalomethanes(THms), nitrosamines(NOAs), and HAAs) responded well to Δψm, R 2 > 0.70. Based on the half-maximum concentration that evoked a 50% response in Δψm, the response gradient was HANs >> HAAs ~ THm > NOAs. The inhibition of the Δψm by HANs is driven by dibromoacetonitrile(DBAN), while dichloroacetonitrile(DcAN) did not cause a significant change in the Δψm at less than 2000 μm. A mixture of HANs exhibited an antagonistic behavior on the Δψm compared to individual compounds. If water samples are concentrated to increase HAN concentrations, especially DBAN, then Δψm could be used as a biomonitoring tool for DBP toxicity.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Toxicity mitochondrial membrane potential Dose-response curve In vitro bioassay Emerging contaminants

Interplay of parallel electric field and trapped electrons in kappa-maxwellian auroral plasma for EmEc instability

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communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第1期73卷 78-86页

作者： m Nazeer m N s Qureshi c shen Department of Physics GC UniversityLahore(54000)Pakistan shenzhen Graduate school HIT CampusUniversity Town of ShenzhenShenzhen 518055China

In this paper,propagation characteristics of electromagnetic electron cyclotron(EmEc)waves based on kappa-maxwellian distribution have been investigated to invoke the interplay of the electric field parallel to the Earth’s magnetic field and auroral trapped electrons.The dispersion relation for EmEc waves in kappa-maxwellian distributed plasma has been derived using the contribution of the parallel electric field and trapped electron speed.Numerical results show that the presence of the electric field has a stimulating effect on growth rate,which is more pronounced at low values of wave number.It is also observed that as the threshold value of trapped electron speed is surpassed,it dominates the effect of the parallel electric field and EmEc instability is enhanced significantly.The electric field acts as another source of free energy,and growth can be obtained even in the absence of trapped electron drift speed and for very small values of temperature anisotropy.Thus the present study reveals the interplay of the parallel electric field and trapped electron speed on the excitation of EmEc waves in the auroral region.

关键词： EmEc waves kappa-maxwellian distribution trapped electrons parallel electric field in aurora

An overview of geological originated materials as a trend for adsorption in wastewater treatment

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 457-477页

作者： Yasmin Vieira matias schadeck Netto Éder c.Lima Ioannis Anastopoulos marcos L.s.Oliveira Guilherme L.Dotto chemistry Department Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM1000Roraima Avenue97105-900 Santa MariaRSBrazil chemical Engineering Department Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM1000Roraima Avenue97105-900 Santa MariaRSBrazil Institute of chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)P.O.Box 1500391501-970 Porto AlegreRSBrazil Department of chemistry University of CyprusP.O.Box 20537CY-1678 NicosiaCyprus Universidad de Lima Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600-Santiago de Surco 1503Peru Department of civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCalle 58#55-66080002 BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia

Adsorption is a unit operation widely used for the tertiary treatment of the most diverse effluents,whose mechanism is based on removing recalcitrant compounds from the organic and inorganic origin.In this process,choosing a suitable adsorbent is a fundamental point.This review article focuses on the adsorbents with natural geological origin:minerals,clays,geopolymers,and even wastes resulted from mining activity.Therefore,over 450 articles and research papers were explored.These materials’main sources are described,and their characteristics,composition,and intrinsic properties are related to adsorption.Herein,we discuss the effects of several process parameters,such as p H,temperature,pollutant,and adsorbent concentration.Furthermore,equilibrium,kinetics,and thermodynamic aspects are also addressed,and relevant regeneration prospects and final disposal.Finally,some suggestions and perspectives on applying these adsorbents in wastewater treatment are presented as future trends.

关键词： Adsorption Equilibrium Geological-based adsorbents Process parameters Wastewater treatment