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High nymphal host density and mortality negatively impact parasitoid complex during an insect herbivore outbreak

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 351-365页

作者： Aidan A. G. Hall Scott n. Johnson James M. cook Markus Riegler Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University NSW Australia

Insect herbivore outbreaks frequently occur and this may be due to factors that restrict top-down control by parasitoids, for example, host-parasitoid asynchrony, hyperparasitization, resource limitation and climate. Few studies have examined hostparasitoid density relationships during an in sect herbivore outbreak in a n atural ecosystem with diverse parasitoids. We studied parasitization patterns of Cardiaspina psyllids during an outbreak in a Eucalyptus woodland. First, we established the trophic roles of the parasitoids through a species-specific multiplex PCR approach on mummies from which parasitoids emerged. Then, we assessed host-parasitoid density relationships across three spatial scales (leaf, tree and site) over one yeas We detected four endoparasitoid species of the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera);two primary parasitoid and one heteronomous hyperparasitoid Psyllaephagus species (the latter with female development as a primary parasitoid and male development as a hyperparasitoid), and the hyperparasitoid Coccidoctonuspsyllae. Parasitoid development was host-synchronized, although synchrony between sites appeared constrained during winter (due to temperature differences). Parasitization was predominantly driven by one primary parasitoid species and was mostly inversely host-density dependent across the spatial scales. Hyperparasitization by C. psyllae was psyllid-density dependent at the site scale, however, this only impacted the rarer primary parasitoid. High larval parasitoid mortality due to density-dependent nymphal psyllid mortality (a consequence of resource limitation) compounded by a summer heat wave was incorporated in the assessment and resulted in density independence of host-parasitoid relationships. As such, high larval parasitoid mortality during insect herbivore outbreaks may contribute to the absence of host density-dependent parasitization during outbreak events.

关键词： density-dependent mortality insect outbreak psyllid synchronization temperature trophic interactions

Muscadine or amla extracts standardized to ellagic acid content ameliorate glucolipotoxicity associatedβ-cell dysfunction via inhibition of IL-1βand improved insulin secretion

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Food Production, Processing and nutrition 2020年第1期2卷 91-101页

作者： Srikanth Earpina Karen McDonough Millicent Yeboah-Awudzi Kristina J.cook Sita Aggarwal Jack n.Losso Chronic Degenerative Disease Prevention Laboratory School of Nutrition and Food ScienceLouisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70803USA School of Animal Science Louisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70803USA William Hansel Cancer Prevention Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70808USA Louisiana State University System Baton RougeLA 70803USA

Glucolipotocixity induces IL-1βsecretion which impairs pancreaticβ-cell insulin *** acid and urolithin A have strong anti-inflammatory effect on *** and amla are very good sources of ellagic *** present study examined the effect of ellagic acid,ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extract,or urolothin A on inflammation inβcells under glucolipotoxic *** nIT-1βcells were incubated in glucolipotoxic conditions(33.3 mM glucose,250μM palmitic acid or 33.3 mM glucose+250μM palmitic acid with or without ellagic acid,ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts standardized to its ellagic acid content,or urolithin A).Inflammatory status was evidenced by ELISA analysis of insulin and IL-1β*** acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts dose-dependently stimulated insulin secretion and down-regulated IL-1βbetter than pure ellagic acid,or urolithin *** A did not statistically stimulate insulin secretion and did not inhibit IL-1β.

关键词： Muscadine Amla Ellagic acid nIT-1 pancreaticβ-cells glucose,Palmitic acid Glucolipotoxicity IL-1β Inflammation Inflammasome Insulin secretion

Osmotic Pressure of Water in nafion~

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第4期15卷 385-390页

作者： Michael K.Budinski Adam cook General Motors Company Electrochemical Energy Research Lab Honeoye Falls Trison Business Solutions

Mechanical failure modes leading to cracks or breeches in proton exchange membrane fuel cells are driven by mechanical forces associated with swelling from water uptake and shrinkage from dehumidifi- cation. To determine the magnitude of compressive mechanical stress imposed by water swelling in a proton exchange fuel-cell membrane, the osmotic pressure of water in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer （nation n 117） membrane was measured using a hydrostatic piston-cylinder device with an in-situ hydrophilic frit. Experiments indicate that hydrostatic stresses greater than 103.5 MPa are created in a membrane when swollen with water at 23℃ suggesting that pressure from water swelling can distort nafion n 117-based structures as the osmotic pressure is of the same order of magnitude as the flow stress of nation n 117.

关键词： osmotic pressure pinholes proton exchange membrane fuel-cell perfluorosulfonic acidionomer

Optimal Port Design Minimizing Standing Waves with A Posteriori Long Term Shoreline Sustainability Analysis

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China Ocean Engineering 2021年第6期35卷 802-813页

作者： Megan cook Frédéric BOUCHETTE Bijan MOHAMMADI Léa SPRUnCK nicolas FRAYSSE BRL Ingénierie Nı̂mes 30000France GEOSCIEnCES-M University of MontpellierCNRSMontpellier 34090France GLADYS University of MontpellierCNRSLe Grau du Roi 30240France IMAG University of MontpellierCNRSMontpellier 34090France

Optimization theory is applied to a coastal engineering problem that is the design of a *** approach was applied to the redesign of La Turballe Port in order to increase the exploitable surface area and simultaneously reduce the occurrence of long waves within the *** defined the cost function as a weighted function of wave amplitude and with the chosen parameterization of the port,results show that an extended jetty and a widened mole yield a unique optimal *** work demonstrates that numerical optimization may be quick and efficient in the identification of port solutions consistent with classic engineering even in the context of complex problems.

关键词： optimization coastal engineering harbour design hydrodynamics shoreline analysis

Impacts of late Quaternary environmental change on the long-tailed ground squirrel(Urocitellus undulatus)in Mongolia

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Zoological Research 2018年第5期39卷 364-372页

作者： Bryan S.McLean Batsaikhan nyamsuren AnDrey Tchabovsky Joseph A.cook University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History Department of Biology School of Arts and Sciences National University of Mongolia Laboratory of Population Ecology A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of new Mexico Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology

Impacts of Quaternary environmental changes on mammal faunas of central Asia remain poorly understood due to a lack of comprehensive phylogeographic sampling for most *** help address this knowledge gap,we conducted the most extensive molecular analysis to date of the long-tailed ground squirrel （Urocitellus undulatus Pallas 1778） in Mongolia,a country that comprises the southern core of this species＇ *** on material from recent collaborative field expeditions,we genotyped 128 individuals at two mitochondrial genes （cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ;1797 bp total）.Phylogenetic inference supports the existence of two deeply divergent infraspecific lineages （corresponding to subspecies *** and ***）,a result in agreement with previous molecular investigations but discordant with patterns of range-wide craniometric and external phenotypic *** the widespread western eversmanni lineage,we recovered geographically-associated clades from the：（a） Khangai,（b） Mongolian Altai,and （c） Govi Altai mountain *** structure in *** is consistent with an isolation-by-distance model;however,genetic distances are significantly lower than among subspecies,and intra-clade relationships are largely *** latter patterns,as well as the relatively higher nucleotide polymorphism of populations from the Great Lakes Depression of northwestern Mongolia,suggest a history of range shifts into these lowland areas in response to Pleistocene glaciation and environmental change,followed by upslope movements and mitochondrial lineage sorting with Holocene *** study illuminates possible historical mechanisms responsible for *** genetic structure and contributes to a framework for ongoing exploration of mammalian response to past and present climate change in central Asia.

关键词： Central Asia Gobi Desert Great LakesDepression Mongolia Phylogeography

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钾通道开放剂与ATP-敏感性钾通道

药学进展 1992年第1期16卷 51-53页

作者： Quast U cook n.S

最近已查明-批能增加平滑细胞膜对K^+ 的通透性(Pk),并因此而使膜超极化和平滑肌松弛的化合物.钾通道开放剂是一组在化学上各不相同的化合物。

关键词：钾通道开放剂三磷酸腺苷钾通道

Predicting flows through microfluidic circuits with fluid walls

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Microsystems & nanoengineering 2021年第6期7卷 119-127页

作者： Cyril Deroy nicholas Stovall-Kurtz Federico nebuloni Cristian Soitu Peter R.cook Edmond J.Walsh Department of Engineering Science Osney Thermo-Fluids LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxford OX20ESUK Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNYUSA

The aqueous phase in traditional microfluidics is usually confined by solid walls;flows through such systems are often predicted *** solid walls limit access,open systems are being developed in which the aqueous phase is partly bounded by fluid walls(interfaces with air or immiscible liquids).Such fluid walls morph during flow due to pressure gradients,so predicting flow fields remains *** recently developed a version of open microfluidics suitable for live-cell biology in which the aqueous phase is confined by an interface with an immiscible and bioinert fluorocarbon(FC40).Here,we find that common medium additives(fetal bovine serum,serum replacement)induce elastic no-slip boundaries at this interface and develop a semi-analytical model to predict flow *** experimentally validate the model’s accuracy for single conduits and fractal vascular trees and demonstrate how flow fields and shear stresses can be controlled to suit individual applications in cell biology.

关键词： walls flows flow

Long-term, in vivo therapeutic effects of a single dose of miR-145 micelles for atherosclerosis

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 327-336页

作者： Deborah D.Chin neil Patel Woori Lee Sonali Kanaya Jackson cook Eun Ji Chung Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089United States Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy Department of SurgeryKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033United States Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089United States Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033United States Division of nephrology and Hypertension Department of MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033United States norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089United States

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the build-up of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial walls. The standard treatment for patients with atherosclerosis is statin therapy aimed to lower serum lipid levels. Despite its widespread use, many patients taking statins continue to experience acute events. Thus, to develop improved and alternative therapies, we previously reported on microRnA-145 (miR-145 micelles) and its ability to inhibit atherosclerosis by targeting vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Importantly, one dose of miR-145 micelles significantly abrogated disease progression when evaluated two weeks post-administration. Thus, in this study, to evaluate how long the sustained effects of miR-145 micelles can be maintained and towards identifying a dosing regimen that is practical for patients with chronic disease, the therapeutic effects of a single dose of miR-145 micelles were evaluated for up to two months in vivo. After one and two months post-treatment, miR-145 micelles were found to reduce plaque size and overall lesion area compared to all other controls including statins without causing adverse effects. Furthermore, a single dose of miR-145 micelle treatment inhibited VSMC transdifferentiation into pathogenic macrophage-like and osteogenic cells in plaques. Together, our data shows the long-term efficacy and sustained effects of miR-145 micelles that is amenable using a dosing frequency relevant to chronic disease patients.

关键词： MicroRnA-145 Atherosclerosis Vascular smooth muscle cell nanoparticle Gene therapy

Large Dynamic Range SPR Measurements Using a ZnSe Prism

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Photonic Sensors 2015年第3期5卷 278-283页

作者： John CAnnInG Jing QIAn Kevin cook interdisciplinary Photonics Laboratories School of Chemistry The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

A large dynamic index measurement range （n =1 to n = 1.7） using surface plasmon resonance （SPR） shifts was demonstrated with a ZnSe prism at 632.8nm, limited by the available high index liquid hosts. In contrast to borosilicate based SPR measurements, where angular limitations restrict solvent use to water and require considerable care dealing with Fresnel reflections, the ZnSe approach allows SPR spectroscopies to be applied to a varied range of solvents. An uncertainty in angular resolution between 1.5° and 6°, depending on the solvent and SPR angle, was estimated. The refractive index change for a given glucose concentration in water was measured to be n = （0.114 ± 0.007）/%[C6H12O6]. Given the transmission properties of ZnSe, the processes can be readily extended into the mid infrared.

关键词： Plasmonics surface plasmons surface waves scattering spectroscopy metal optics