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Effects of Vapor Pressure and Super-Hydrophobic Nanocomposite coating on Microelectronics Reliability

Engineering 2015年第3期1卷 384-390页

作者： Xuejun Fan Liangbiao chen c.P.Wong Hsing-Wei chu G.Q.Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering Lamar University State Key Laboratory of Solid State Lighting School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Tech Delft University of Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences

Modeling vapor pressure is crucial for studying the moisture reliability of microelectronics, as high vapor pressure can cause device failures in environments with high temperature and humidity. To minimize the impact of vapor pressure, a super-hydrophobic(SH) coating can be applied on the exterior surface of devices in order to prevent moisture penetration. The underlying mechanism of SH coating for enhancing device reliability, however, is still not fully understood. In this paper, we present several existing theories for predicting vapor pressure within microelectronic materials. In addition, we discuss the mechanism and effectiveness of SH coating in preventing water vapor from entering a device, based on experimental results. Two theoretical models, a micro-mechanics-based whole-field vapor pressure model and a convection-diffusion model, are described for predicting vapor pressure. Both methods have been successfully used to explain experimental results on uncoated samples. However, when a device was coated with an SH nanocomposite, weight gain was still observed, likely due to vapor penetration through the SH surface. This phenomenon may cast doubt on the effectiveness of SH coatings in microelectronic devices. Based on current theories and the available experimental results, we conclude that it is necessary to develop a new theory to understand how water vapor penetrates through SH coatings and impacts the materials underneath. Such a theory could greatly improve microelectronics reliability.

关键词： vapor pressure moisture semiconductor reliability microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating

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Sic Nanowires Toughed Hfc Ablative coating for c/c composites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第1期31卷 70-76页

作者： Hejun Li Yongjie Wang Qiangang Fu Yanhui chu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University

In order to improve ablation resistance of carbon/carbon(c/c) composites,Sic nanowires were prepared on c/c composites surface in prior through chemical vapor reaction before Hfc *** nanowires grew randomly and had good combination with Hfc *** nanowires toughed Hfc coating had lower linear and mass ablation rates than original Hfc *** surface was much flatter and exhibited smaller cracks in center *** ablation mechanism of Hfc coating has been changed by Sic *** HfO2 fused layer was formed on the surface of the toughed Hfc coating,which could provide efficient protection for c/c ***,Sic nanowires toughed Hfc coating behaved in better ablation resistance.

关键词： Ablation performance carbon/carbon composites carb

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Update of endoscopy in liver disease:More than just treating varices

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第5期18卷 401-411页

作者： christoforos Krystallis Gail S Masterton peter c Hayes John N Plevris centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders The Royal InfirmaryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

The management of complications in liver disease is often complex and *** has undergone a period of rapid expansion with numerous novel and specialized endoscopic modalities that are of increasing value in the investigation and management of the patient with liver *** this review,relevant literature search and expert opinions have been used to provide a brief overview and update of the current endoscopic management of patients with liver disease and portal *** main areas covered are safety of endoscopy in patients with liver disease,the use of standard endoscopy for the treatment of varices and the role of new endoscopic modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound,esophageal capsule,argon plasma coagulation,spyglass and endomicroscopy in the investigation and treatment of liver-related gastrointestinal and biliary *** is clear that the role of the endoscopy in liver disease is well beyond that of just treating *** the technology in endoscopy expands,so does the role of the endoscopist in liver disease.

关键词： cirrhosis Portal hypertension Varices En-doscopic ultrasound Esophageal capsule Endoscopicretrograde cholangiopancreatography Endomicros-copy Spyglass

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Application of multiphoton microscopy in dermatological studies: A mini-review

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第5期7卷 39-63页

作者： Eljah Yew christopher R.owlands peter T.c.So Singapore-MIT Alliance for Researchand Technology(SMART) 1 CREATE WayCREATE TowerSingapore 138602 Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts In.stitute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA SGR Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA

This review summarizes the historical and more recent developments of multiphoton microscopy,as applied to *** microscopy offers several advantages over competingmicroscopy techniques:there is an inherent axial sectioning,penetration depths that competewll with confocal microscopy on account of the use of near-infrared light,and many t wo-pho ton contrast mechanisms,such as second-harmonic generation,have no analogue in *** the penetration depths of photons into tissue are typically limited on the orderof hundreds of microns,this is of les concern in dermatology,as the skin is thin and *** a result,multiphoton microscopy in dermatology has generated a great deal ofmterest,much of which is summarized *** review covers the interaction of light and tissue,as well as the various considerations that must be made when designing an *** stateof multiphoton microscopy in imaging skin cancer and various other diseases is also discussed,along with the investigation of aging and regeneration phenomena,and finally,the use of mul-tiphoton microscopy to analyze the transdermal transport of drugs,cosmetics and other agents *** review concludes with a look at potential future research directions,especiallythose that are necessary to push these techniques into widespread clinical acceptance.

关键词： Multiphoton microscopy skin cancer,aging and regeneration.

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The Multi-parameter Test of Gravitational Wave Dispersion with Principal component Analysis

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 140-150页

作者： Zhi-chu Ma Rui Niu Wen Zhao cAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

In this work, we consider a conventional test of gravitational wave(GW) propagation which is based on the phenomenological parameterized dispersion relation to describe potential departures from General Relativity(GR)along the propagation of GWs. But different from tests conventionally performed previously, we vary multiple deformation coefficients simultaneously and employ the principal component analysis(PcA) method to remedy the strong degeneracy among deformation coefficients and obtain informative posteriors. The dominant PcA components can be better measured and constrained, and thus are expected to be more sensitive to potential departures from the waveform model. Using this method we analyze ten selected events and get the result that the combined posteriors of the dominant PcA parameters are consistent with GR within 99.7% credible intervals. The standard deviation of the first dominant PcA parameter is three times smaller than that of the original dispersion parameter of the leading order. However, the multi-parameter test with PcA is more sensitive to not only potential deviations from GR but also systematic errors of waveform models. The difference in results obtained by using different waveform templates hints that the demands of waveform accuracy are higher to perform the multiparameter test with PcA. Whereas, it cannot be strictly proven that the deviation is indeed and only induced by systematic errors. It requires more thorough research in the future to exclude other possible reasons in parameter estimation and data processing.

关键词： gravitational waves-gravitation-black hole physics

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Predicted interfacial thermal conductance and thermal conductivity of diamond/Al composites with various interfacial coatings

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Rare Metals 2011年第5期30卷 544-549页

作者： LIANG Xuebing JIA chengchang chu Ke cHEN Hui School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals （GRINM） Beijing 100083 China

The interfacial thermal conductance （ITc） and thermal conductivity （Tc） of diamond/Al composites with various coatings were theoretically studied and discussed. A series of predictions and numerical analyses were performed to investigate the effect of thickness, sound velocity, and other parameters of coating layers on the ITc and Tc. It is found that both the ITc and Tc decline with increasing coating thickness, especially for the coatings with relatively low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, if the coating thickness is close to zero, or quite a small value, the ITc and Tc are mainly determined by the constants of the coating material. Under this condition, coatings such as Ni, Tic, Mo 2 c, Sic, and Si can significantly improve the ITc and Tc of diamond/Al composites. By contrast, coatings like Ag will exert the negative effect. Taking the optimization of interfacial bonding into account, conductive carbides such as Tic or Mo 2 c with low thickness can be the most suitable coatings for diamond/Al composites.

关键词： metallic matrix composites coatings diamonds thermal conductivity interfacial thermal conductance

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control of aliphatic halogenated DBP precursors with multiple drinking water treatment processes： Formation potential and integrated toxicity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 322-330页

作者： Yimeng Zhang Wenhai chu Dechang Yao Daqiang Yin Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

The comprehensive control efficiency for the formation potentials（FPs） of a range of regulated and unregulated halogenated disinfection by-products（DBPs）（including carbonaceous DBPs（c-DBPs）, nitrogenous DBPs（N-DBPs）, and iodinated DBPs（I-DBPs）） with the multiple drinking water treatment processes, including pre-ozonation, conventional treatment（coagulation–sedimentation, pre-sand filtration）, ozone-biological activated carbon（O_3-BAc） advanced treatment, and post-sand filtration, was investigated. The potential toxic risks of DBPs by combing their FPs and toxicity values were also *** results showed that the multiple drinking water treatment processes had superior performance in removing organic/inorganic precursors and reducing the formation of a range of halogenated DBPs. Therein, ozonation significantly removed bromide and iodide,and thus reduced the formation of brominated and iodinated DBPs. The removal of organic carbon and nitrogen precursors by the conventional treatment processes was substantially improved by O_3-BAc advanced treatment, and thus prevented the formation of chlorinated c-DBPs and N-DBPs. However, BAc filtration leads to the increased formation of brominated c-DBPs and N-DBPs due to the increase of bromide/DOc and bromide/*** the whole multiple treatment processes, the rank order for integrated toxic risk values caused by these halogenated DBPs was haloacetonitriles（HANs）》haloacetamides（HAMs）〉haloacetic acids（HAAs）〉 trihalomethanes（THMs）〉 halonitromethanes（HNMs）》I-DBPs（I-HAMs and I-THMs）. I-DBPs failed to cause high integrated toxic risk because of their very low FPs. The significant higher integrated toxic risk value caused by HANs than other halogenated DBPs cannot be ignored.

关键词： carbonaceous disinfection by-products(c-DBPs) Nitrogenous disinfection by-products(N-DBPs) Iodinated disinfection by-products(I-DBPs) Formation potential Toxic risk Drinking water treatment plant(DWTP)

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Removal of iron from ilmenite by KOH leaching-oxalate leaching method

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Rare Metals 2010年第1期29卷 9-15页

作者： WANG Yuanbo QI Tao chu Jinglong ZHAO Wei Graduate School of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Key laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Oxalic acid was used for the removal of iron from the intermediates of ilmenite leached by KOH liquor. Various parameters, such as pH, temperature, initial oxalate concentration, and illumination were investigated. Meanwhile, it was found that orthorhombic crystal Ti2O2（OH）2（c2O4）-H2O formed as the leaching proceeded. Scanning electronic microscope （SEM） images implied that the formation of Ti2O2（OH）2（c2O4）.H2O with good crystallinity proceeded through three stages. calcining Ti2O2（OH）2（c2O4）·H2O, anatase （350℃） or mtile （550℃） type TiO2 was obtained, respectively. Element analysis found that the calcined product contained 94.9% TiO2 and 2.5% iron oxide, but only about 1600 ppm dissolvable iron oxide was left, which indicates that oxalic acid was comparatively effective on iron oxide removal from the intermediates. Finally, an improved route was proposed for the upgrading of ilmenite into mtile.

关键词： ilmenite iron removal titanium oxide oxalate potassium hydroxide KOH leaching

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Global latitudinal patterns in leaf herbivory are related to variation in climate, rather than phytochemicals or mycorrhizal types

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 66-69页

作者： Hui Tang Xianhui Zhu Yonglin Zhong Yuanzhi Li Wenqi Luo Hanlun Liu Patrice Descombes Alan c.Gange chengjin chu State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Ecology/School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization Guangdong Academy of Forestry Musée et Jardins botaniques cantonaux Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London

Plant-herbivore interactions are among the most important factors shaping plant community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The latitudinal herbivory hypothesis proposed that insect herbivory rates decline with increasing latitudes owing to benign environmental conditions in the tropics, but studies have produced contradictory conclusions[1–3].

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Machine-learning-facilitated earthquake and anthropogenic source detections near the Weiyuan Shale Gas Blocks,Sichuan,china

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第6期5卷 501-519页

作者： Pengcheng Zhou William L.Ellsworth HongFeng Yang Yen Joe Tan Gregory c.Beroza MinHan Sheng RiSheng chu Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyInnovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Earth System Science Programme Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong 999077China Department of Geophysics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China

Seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation depend critically on rapid analysis and characterization of earthquake *** seismicity in shale gas blocks of the Sichuan Basin,china,has presented a serious challenge to monitoring and managing the seismicity *** this study,to detect events we apply a machine-learning-based phase picker(PhaseNet)to continuous seismic data collected between November 2015 and November 2016 from a temporary network covering the Weiyuan Shale Gas Blocks(SGB).Both P-and S-phases are picked and associated for *** refine the velocity model by using detected explosions and earthquakes and then relocate the detected events using our new velocity *** detections and absolute relocations provide the basis for building a high-precision earthquake *** primary catalog contains about 60 times as many earthquakes as those in the catalog of the chinese Earthquake Network center(cENc),which used only the sparsely distributed permanent *** also measure the local magnitude and achieve magnitude completeness of *** relocate clusters of events,showing sequential migration patterns overlapping with horizontal well branches around several well pads in the Wei202 and Wei204 *** results demonstrate the applicability of a machine-learning phase picker to a dense seismic *** algorithms can facilitate rapid characterization of earthquake sequences.

关键词： induced seismicity machine learning Weiyuan Shale Gas Block

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