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A modular microfluidic system based on a multilayered configuration to generate large-scale perfusable microvascular networks

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第1期7卷 63-75页

作者： Tao Yue Da Zhao Duc T.T.phan Xiaolin Wang Joshua Jonghyun park Zayn Biviji christopher C.W.Hughes Abraham p.Lee Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Micro/Nano Electronics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Micro/Nano Fabrication Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA. Department of Applied Mathematics-Biology Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

The vascular network of the circulatory system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the human *** this paper,a novel modular microfluidic system with a vertical two-layered configuration is developed to generate largescale perfused microvascular networks in *** two-layer polydimethylsiloxane(pDMS)configuration allows the tissue chambers and medium channels not only to be designed and fabricated independently but also to be aligned and bonded *** method can produce a modular microfluidic system that has high flexibility and scalability to design an integrated platform with multiple perfused vascularized tissues with high *** medium channel was designed with a rhombic shape and fabricated to be semiclosed to form a capillary burst valve in the vertical direction,serving as the interface between the medium channels and tissue *** and anastomosis at the vertical interface were successfully achieved by using different combinations of tissue chambers and medium *** large-scale microvascular networks were generated and quantified in terms of vessel length and *** leakage of the perfused 70-kDa FITC-dextran confirmed the lumenization of the microvascular networks and the formation of tight vertical interconnections between the microvascular networks and medium channels in different structural *** platform enables the culturing of interconnected,large-scale perfused vascularized tissue networks with high density and scalability for a wide range of multiorgan-on-a-chip applications,including basic biological studies and drug screening.

关键词： interconnection networks configuration

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Vascular disease in the older adult

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第9期13卷 727-732页

作者： Andrew p Miller christopher M Huff Gary S Roubin Cardio Vascular Associates Birmingham Alabama USA

1 Introduction Among older adults, incidence and prevalence of aortic disease, peripheral arterial disease （pAD）, and venous thromboembolism （VTE） increase as age-related alterations in vascular structure and function are compounded by longer exposure to cardiovascular disease （CVD） risk factors. This review highlights the unique presentations and treatment strategies for aortic dissection, abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA）, pAD, and VTE in older adults.

关键词： Aortic diseases Cardiovascular disease peripheral arterial disease The elderly

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A systematic review of the attractant-decoy and repellent- plant hypotheses: do plants with heterospecific neighbours escape herbivory?

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Journal of plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 337-346页

作者： Ally Ruttan christopher J.Lortie Department of Biology York University4700 Keele StreetTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada

Aims this systematic review highlights the relative support and implica-tions of the attractant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses,discuss-ing important linkages between these theories and the opportunity for novel integration into ecological and applied *** an extensive systematic review of the current literature on the attract-ant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses was done to describe the following attributes of the research to date:(i)the geographic extent(country and biome)of studies on this topic,(ii)the scope of experi-mental designs used,(iii)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the breadth of ecological niches tested,(iv)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the classes of herbi-vores examined and,lastly,(v)the ecological impact or purpose of these ***,we summarize important research gaps in the empirical literature on this topic and identify novel opportunities for critical linkages between ecological and applied *** Findingsa total of 37%of experiments testing these two associated hypotheses were done in North america,frequently in either temperate broadleaf(26%of studies)or taiga ecosystems(15%of studies).the majority of these studies involved experimental manipulations such as removing and transplanting vegetation and either tracked or excluded mammalian *** implications were primarily examined(59%of studies),but there were also implications described for agriculture and commercial forestry in 22%of *** repellent-plant hypothesis was well supported in many ecological systems,particularly for mammalian herbivores,but the attractant-decoy hypothesis has been less frequently tested,thereby representing an important research *** herbivores were under-represented in all categories except in applied contexts such as commercial forestry and *** is a clear need for studies to connect these two ecological hypotheses with the manageme

关键词： associated plant defence attractant-decoy herbivory neighbour repellent-plant systematic review

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An ICT model for increased adoption of farm input information in developing countries:A case in Sikasso,Mali

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Information processing in Agriculture 2019年第1期6卷 26-46页

作者： Macire Kante Robert Oboko christopher Chepken University of Nairobi P.O.Box 30197-00100 GPONairobiKenya Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique BamakoMali

Information and Communication Technologies(ICT)play a key role in the dissemination of information on farm inputs for their increased ***-scale cereal farmers have been exposed to ICT-based farm input information in developing ***,an underuse of these ICTs services has led to an insignificant adoption of farm input *** underuse was due to certain *** purpose of this study was to propose an ICT model for increased adoption of farm input information by establishing these factors and their relationships.A convenient sample of 300 small-scale cereal farmers was selected in Sikasso,Mali to gather *** partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was used to assess the model that was being *** used the technique to establish the measurement model validity and to assess the structural model(hypotheses).The result suggested that the model was highly predictive of the Use of ICT-based farm input information(80.7%).In addition,use of these ICT-based farm input information was also highly predictive(68.4%)of the Increased Adoption of farm input information by small-scale cereal farmers in developing countries.

关键词： Cereal farmers productivity ICT-based farm input information Developing countries Mali

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Improved hemostasis with major hepatic resection in the current surgical era

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Hepatobiliary & pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第5期18卷 439-445页

作者： christopher W Mangieri Matthew A Strode Bradley C Bandera Department of Surgery Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center(DDEAMC)Fort GordonGA 30809USA Department of Surgical Oncology Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNY 14203USA

Background: Major hepatic resection, predominantly performed for oncologic intent, is a complex procedure with the potential for severe intraoperative hemorrhage. The current surgical era has the ability to improve hemostasis throughout the performance of major hepatic resections which decreases blood transfusions and the detrimental effects associated with transfusion. We evaluated hemostasis and outcomes in the current surgical era of performing hepatic resections. Methods: Utilizing the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement program (NSQIp) database all major hepatic resections performed between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed in regards to hemostasis. Hemostasis was evaluated by the need for and magnitude of blood transfusions. Additional perioperative variables (including operative time, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates) were analyzed to assess for outcomes with hemostasis. The NSQIp results were compared to previous publications involving major hepatic resections to detect improvement in hemostasis and outcomes in the current surgical era. Results: A total of 22777 major hepatic resections met the inclusion criteria for analysis in the NSQIp database. An additional 21198 cases were compiled within the selected publications for comparative analysis. The transfusion rate in the current surgical era was 13.3% versus 38.7% in the previous era ( p = 0.0001). When a transfusion was required in the current surgical era there was a two-fold reduction in the number of units transfused (1.5 U vs. 3.8 U, p = 0.0001). Statistically significant improvements in operative time and length of hospital stay were presented within the current surgical era ( p = 0.0001). When a transfusion was required there was an increased relative risk score of 7 for mortality (4.9% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.0001), however, improvement in mortality rates did not reach statistical significance across surgical eras (1.3% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The cond

关键词： Major hepatic resection Improved hemostasis Improved outcomes

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prevalence of and risk factors for eclampsia in pregnant women in India

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第4期5卷 225-244页

作者： Sutapa Agrawal Gagandeep K.Walia Eleonora Staines-Urias Juan p.Casas christopher Millett public Health Foundation of India GurgaonNew Delhi NCRIndia Department of Epidemiology and population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College LondonLondonUK School of public Health Imperial CollegeLondonUK

Objective:Eclampsia is a potentially fatal disorder in pregnant women and remains an im-portant cause of maternal and perinatal child morbidity and death *** aimed to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for convulsions(not occurring from fever)during pregnancy in Indian *** is a key symptom suggestive of ***:Cross-sectional data from India’s third National Family Health Survey,conducted during 2005-2006 were ***-reported information on convulsions during pregnancy was obtained from 39,657 women aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the *** logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors for convulsion in ***:Overall,1 in 10 women reported having convulsions in their most recent *** prevalence was significantly higher in women living in rural areas compared with those liv-ing in urban areas(11.3% vs.7.4%;pphic *** odds of convulsions were significantly higher in women with a twin pregnancy[odds ratio(OR)2.12;95% confidence interval(CI)1.45-3.11],a previously terminated pregnancy(OR 1.32;95% CI 1.20-1.45),diabetes(OR 1.37;95% CI 0.99-1.89),or asthma(OR 1.85;95% CI 1.35-2.54),in women who were alerted to pregnancy complications(OR 2.78;95% CI 2.50-3.08),in Sikh wom-en(OR 1.73;95% CI 1.28-2.33),in women in a low social group(OR 1.40;95% CI 1.25-1.58),and in women residing in central India(OR 1.51;95% CI 1.31-1.74)or eastern India(OR 1.33;95% CI 1.14-1.54)with reference to their ***:Our findings from a large population-based nationally representative sample of Indian women indicate a high prevalence of convulsions,a symptom suggestive of eclampsia,and its association with several maternal,lifestyle risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics.

关键词： Convulsions eclampsia risk factors women Indian

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Inter-hospital transfers and door-to-balloon times for STEMI: a single centre cohort study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第6期17卷 321-329页

作者： RenéForsyth Zhong-Hua SUN christopher Reid Rachael Moorin Department of Medical Radiation Sciences Curtin UniversityPerthAustralia School of public Health NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Cardiovascular Outcomes ImprovementPerthAustralia Centre of Research Excellence in Therapeutics Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia School of public Health Curtin UniversityPerthAustralia School of population and Global Health the University of Western AustraliaCrawleyAustralia

Background Key performance indices such as door-to-balloon times have long been recognized as quality metrics in reducing time to care for patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS). In the situation where patients do not present to a facility capable of 24/7 percutaneous coronary interventions(pCI) delays in time to therapy can exceed the recommendation of 90 min or less. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of transfers on performance indices for patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Methods Over a seven month collection period, all patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of ACS and admitted for pCI were studied. patients were divided into dichotomous groups of direct presentations or transfers from a secondary non-pCI capable hospital with key times recorded, including symptom-onset, first hospital and pCI-capable hospital arrival and balloon inflation times to evaluate time of treatment for STEMI patients. Results Of the 87 patients diagnosed with STEMI, transferred patients experienced statistically significant delays in symptom-onset to the pCI-capable hospital(pCI-H) arrival(215 vs. 95 min, p ptom-onset to balloon inflation(225 vs. 160 min, p = 0.009) and first hospital arrival to balloon inflation times(106 vs. 56 min, p patients underwent balloon inflation within 90 min from first hospital arrival, while 60%(n = 19) did within 120 min, although all received balloon inflation within 90 min from arrival at the pCI-H. After controlling for confounding factors of socio-economic status, presentation date/time and diagnostic category, transferred patients experienced an average 162% longer delays from symptom-onset to pCI-H door arrival, and 98% longer delays in symptom-onset to balloon inflation;compared to patients who present directly to the pCI-H. No statistically significant differences were noted between transferred and direct patients when measured from pCI-

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Door-to-balloon times Inter-hospital transfers ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

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Using multimodal MRI to investigate alterations in brain structure and function in the BBZDR/Wor rat model of type 2 diabetes

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2020年第4期3卷 285-294页

作者： christopher M.Lawson Kilian F.G.Rentrup Xuezhu Cai praveen p.Kulkarni Craig F.Ferris Center for Translational NeuroImaging Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA

Background:This is an exploratory study using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to interrogate the brain of rats with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)as compared to *** was hypothesized there would be changes in brain structure and function that reflected the human disorder,thus providing a model system by which to follow disease progression with noninvasive ***:The transgenic BBZDR/Wor rat,an animal model of T2MD,and agematched controls were studied for changes in brain structure using voxel-based morphometry,alteration in white and gray matter microarchitecture using diffusion weighted imaging with indices of anisotropy,and functional coupling using restingstate BOLD functional *** from each modality were registered to,and analyzed,using a 3D MRI rat atlas providing site-specific data on over 168 different brain ***:There was an overall reduction in brain volume focused primarily on the somatosensory cortex,cerebellum,and white matter *** putative changes in white and gray matter microarchitecture were pervasive affecting much of the brain and not localized to any *** was a general increase in connectivity in T2DM rats as compared to *** cerebellum presented with strong functional coupling to pons and brainstem in T2DM rats but negative connectivity to ***:The neuroradiological measures collected in BBBKZ/Wor rats using multimodal imaging methods did not reflect those reported for T2DB patients in the *** data would suggest the BBBKZ/Wor rat is not an appropriate imaging model for T2DM.

关键词： BBZDR/Wor rat diffusion weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging resting-state BOLD functional imaging small vessel disease voxel-based morphometry

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Comparison of Small Modular Reactor and Large Nuclear Reactor Fuel Cost

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Energy and power Engineering 2014年第5期6卷 82-94页

作者： christopher p. pannier Radek Skoda Department of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M University College Station USA Department of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M University College Station USA Czech Technical University Prague Czech Republic

Small modular reactors (SMRs) offer simple, standardized, and safe modular designs for new nuclear reactor construction. They are factory built, requiring smaller initial capital investment and facilitating shorter construction times. SMRs also promise competitive economy when compared with the current reactor fleet. Construction cost of a majority of the projects, which are mostly in their design stages, is not publicly available, but variable costs can be determined from fuel enrichment, average burn-up, and plant thermal efficiency, which are public parameters for many near-term SMR projects. The fuel cost of electricity generation for selected SMRs and large reactors is simulated, including calculation of optimal tails assay in the uranium enrichment process. The results are compared between one another and with current generation large reactor designs providing a rough comparison of the long-term economics of a new nuclear reactor project. SMRs are predicted to have higher fuel costs than large reactors. particularly, integral pressurized water reactors (ipWRs) are shown to have from 15% to 70% higher fuel costs than large light water reactors using 2014 nuclear fuels market data. Fuel cost sensitivities to reactor design parameters are presented.

关键词： Nuclear Energy New Nuclear Nuclear Fuel Cost Small Modular Reactors SMR Light Water Reactors

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Raster Voronoi Tessellation and Its Application to Emergency Modeling

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2011年第4期14卷 235-245页

作者： Ickjai Lee Kyungmi Lee christopher Torpelund-Bruin School of Business(IT) James Cook University

Due to the advances in Web technologies,various raster maps are available through Web Map Services such as Google maps and Yahoo *** online maps are used to visualize diverse types of *** disasters with these online maps has become an important research *** this article,we propose a map-based general-purpose emergency management support system based on a computational model of generalized(multiplicatively weighted,order-k,and Minkowski-metric)Voronoi *** proposed system tessellates Web maps and models disasters(or emergency response units)having different weights in the complete order from 1 to k-1 in the three popular Minkowski metrics(Euclidean,Manhattan,and Maximum distance)pro-vide insightful information for various what-if emergency *** proposed map-based emergency management support system systematically supports neighboring queries,districting queries,location optimization queries,and routing *** pro-vide specific examples to illustrate how our system supports these queries.

关键词： raster Voronoi diagrams emergency management systems generalized Voronoi diagrams decision support systemsCLC number p208

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