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Biodegradation of 2,6-ditert-butylphenol by immobilized microorga- nism strains

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 369-372页

作者： zhang Ya-lei zhang Zhi-gang xu De-qiang QIANG Zhi-min LI Guang-ming ZHAO jian-fu Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China School of Life Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Rolla Rolla MO 65409 USA State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

2,6-Ditert-butylphenol （2,6-DTBP） is a major organic contaminant presenting in acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewaters. This compound is of high bio-resistance due to its complex structure which consists of one phenol group and two highly branched tert-butyl groups. This research attempted to improve the biodegradation efficiency of 2,6-DTBP through various strain immobilization methods. The stratified immobilization can settle oxygen transmission in the single microorganism immobilization, and can realize two-process reaction in the single device by choosing two symbiotic microorganisms. Two effective strains, named F-1-4 and F-3-4, which were screened out in our previous work, were used to degrade 2,6-DTBP after being immobilized in calcium alginate gel. Results indicate that the substrate removal efficiency of various immobilization methods follows the order： stratified 〉 single F-3-4 〉 mixed ≈single F-1-4. The immobilized biodegradation capacity was higher than the free one. After an incubation time of 12 d, 91% of 2,6-DTBP could be degraded by the stratified immobilization method, compared to 79% achieved by the mixed immobilization method with an initial 2,6-DTBP concentration of 100 mg/L. The stratified immobilization satisfies the oxygen demand nature of the aerobic F-3-4 and the facultative F-1-4, thus yielding the highest degradation efficiency. Both the outer layer strain F-3-4 and the inner layer strain F-1-4 can grow actively on the substrate of 2,6-DTBP, as illustrated by SEM images. This study shows that the highly bio-refractory compound, 2,6-DTBP, can be effectively degraded using appropriately inunobilized microorganism strains.

关键词： biodegradation 2,6-ditert-butylphenol immobilization microorganism strains

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Hydrogen induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO: first-principles and Monte Carlo study

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第26期59卷 3232-3238页

作者： jian-min zhang Zhigao chen Kehua Zhong Guigui xu Zhigao Huang College of Physics and Energy Fujian Normal University Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation andNew Energy Materials

The structural stability, vibrational and magnetic properties of hydrogen doped ZnO:Co have been studied by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Bond-center(BC) sites were identified to be most stable sites for hydrogen, the corresponding vibrational frequencies including anharmonic contributions were calculated. Its magnetic properties were investigated as well. The calculated results reveal that hydrogen could induce the change of electronic transfer, leading to a decrease of magnetic moment. However, the magnetic coupling between Co atoms is greatly strengthen. The results simulated by Monte Carlo method indicate that hydrogen can induce the Curie temperature to increase from 200 to 300 K.

关键词：蒙特卡罗法钴掺杂第一性原理氧化锌铁磁性第一原理计算氢室温

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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.chen E.S.chen H.X.chen Liang chen lin chen Long chen M.J.chen M.L.chen Q.H.chen S.chen S.H.chen S.Z.chen T.L.chen Y.chen N.cheng Y.D.cheng M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han M.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He J.Y.He Y.He Y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.jiang X.W.jiang Z.J.jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.M.Li cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu Q.Luo Y.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei J.C.Qi M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.wang C.B.wang G.W.wang H.G.wang H.H.wang J.C.wang Kai wang Kai wang L.P.wang L.Y.wang P.H.wang R.wang W.wang X.G.wang X.Y.wang Y.wang Y.D.wang Y.J.wang Z.H.wang Z.X.wang Zhen wang Zheng wang D.M.wei J.J.wei Y.J.wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.xu R.F.xu R.X.xu W.L.xu L.xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang C.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang W.X.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.yu Q.yuan H.yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.zhang F.zhang H.zhang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(CRs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LHAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs.

关键词： UHE c-ray Cosmic rays SNR W51C Star clusters

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CD147-spike protein is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 infection to host cells

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第1期6卷 95-104页

作者： Ke wang wei chen Zheng zhang Yongqiang Deng jian-Qi Lian Peng Du Ding wei Yang zhang Xiu-xuan Sun Li Gong xu Yang Lei He Lei zhang Zhiwei Yang Jie-Jie Geng Ruo chen Hai zhang Bin wang yu-Meng Zhu gang Nan jian-Li jiang ling Li Jiao Wu Peng lin Wan Huang Liangzhi Xie Zhao-Hui Zheng Kui zhang Jin-lin Miao Hong-Yong Cui min Huang Jun zhang ling Fu Xiang-min Yang Zhongpeng Zhao Shihui Sun Hongjing Gu Zhe wang Chun-Fu wang Yacheng Lu Ying-Ying Liu Qing-Yi wang Huijie Bian Ping ZhuZhi-Nan chen National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine&Department of Cell Biology Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing 100071China State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing 100071China Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038China MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Sino Biological Inc. Beijing 100176China Department of Clinical Immunology Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China School of Basic Medicine Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China

In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2,no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until ***-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),a receptor of SARS-CoV-2,mediates the virus infection by binding to spike *** ACE2 is expressed in the lung,kidney,and intestine,its expressing levels are rather low,especially in the *** the great infectivity of COVID-19,we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may depend on other routes to facilitate its ***,we first discover an interaction between host cell receptor CD147 and SARS-CoV-2 spike *** loss of CD147 or blocking CD147 in Vero E6 and BEAS-2B cell lines by anti-CD147 antibody,Meplazumab,inhibits SARSCoV-2 *** of human CD147 allows virus entry into non-susceptible BHK-21 cells,which can be neutralized by CD147 extracellular *** loads are detectable in the lungs of human CD147(hCD147)mice infected with SARS-CoV-2,but not in those of virus-infected wild type ***,virions are observed in lymphocytes of lung tissue from a COVID-19 *** T cells with a property of ACE2 natural deficiency can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a dosedependent manner,which is specifically inhibited by ***,CD147 mediates virus entering host cells by ***,our study reveals a novel virus entry route,CD147-spike protein,which provides an important target for developing specific and effective drug against COVID-19.

关键词： ACE2 CD147 intestine

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A remote control training system for rat navigation in complicated environment

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第2期8卷 323-330页

作者： FENG Zhou-yan chen wei-dong YE xue-song zhang Shao-min ZHENG Xiao-jing wang Peng jianG Jun JIN lin xu Zhi-jian LIU Chun-qing LIU Fu-xin LUO jian-hong ZHUANG yue-ting ZHENG Xiao-xiang Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China College of Biomedical Engineering and instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310027 China School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006 China

A remote control system has been developed to deliver stimuli into the rat brain through a wireless micro-stimulator for animal behavior training. The system consists of the following main components： an integrated PC control program, a transmitter and a receiver based on Bluetooth （BT） modules, a stimulator controlled by C8051 microprocessor, as well as an operant chamber and an eight-arm radial maze. The micro-stimulator is featured with its changeable amplitude of pulse output for both constant-voltage and constant-current mode, which provides an easy way to set the proper suitable stimulation intensity for different training. The system has been used in behavior experiments for monitoring and recording bar-pressing in the operant chamber, controlling rat roaming in the eight-arm maze, as well as navigating rats through a 3D obstacle route. The results indicated that the system worked stably and that the stimulation was effective for different types of rat behavior controls. In addition, the results showed that stimulation in the whisker barrel region of rat primary somatosensory cortex （SI） acted like a cue. The animals can be trained to take different desired turns upon the association between the SI cue stimulation and the reward stimulation in the medial forehrain bundle （MFB）.

关键词： Remote control Brain Navigation Stimulator Reward stimulation Whisker

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双胎早产儿支气管肺发育不良危险因素分析:一项多中心研究

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中国当代儿科杂志 2024年第6期26卷 611-618页

作者：樊雨薇张伊佳温和梅晏红沈蔚丁月琴龙运峰张志钢李桂芳姜泓饶红萍邱建武魏贤张亚昱曾纪斌赵常亮许伟鹏王凡员丽杨秀芳李薇林霓阳陈倩夏昌顺钟鑫琪崔其亮广州医科大学附属第三医院新生儿科/广东省产科重大疾病重点实验室/广东省妇产疾病临床医学研究中心/粤港澳母胎医学高校联合实验室广东广州510150 北京大学第三医院儿科北京100191 四川锦欣妇女儿童医院新生儿科四川成都610011 贵州医科大学附属医院新生儿科贵州贵阳550001 厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院新生儿科福建厦门361003 南方医科大学附属东莞医院新生儿科广东东莞523000 邵阳学院附属第一医院新生儿科湖南邵阳422000 广东省第二人民医院新生儿科广东广州511000 沧州市人民医院新生儿科河北沧州061000 延安大学附属医院新生儿科陕西延安716000 惠州市中心人民医院新生儿科广东惠州516001 汕头大学医学院附属粤北人民医院新生儿科广东韶关512026 武汉科技大学附属孝感医院新生儿科湖北孝感432000 内蒙古医科大学附属医院新生儿科内蒙古呼和浩特010050 汕头大学医学院第二附属医院新生儿科广东汕头515041 包钢集团第三职工医院新生儿科内蒙古包头014010 暨南大学附属第一医院新生儿科广东广州510630 兰州大学第二医院甘肃兰州730000 新乡市中心医院新生儿科河南新乡453000 中山市人民医院新生儿科广东中山528400 东莞市滨海湾中心医院新生儿科广东东莞523808 汕头大学医学院第一附属医院新生儿科广东汕头515041

目的分析胎龄25%是双胎中仅一胎患BPD的危险因素(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500~7.568,P<0.05),胎龄大是双胎均患BPD的保护因素(P<0.05)。对双胎中仅一胎为BPD组进行组内条件logistic回归分析,提示小于胎龄儿是双胎内个体发生BPD的危险因素(OR=... 详细信息

目的分析胎龄25%是双胎中仅一胎患BPD的危险因素(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500~7.568,P<0.05),胎龄大是双胎均患BPD的保护因素(P<0.05)。对双胎中仅一胎为BPD组进行组内条件logistic回归分析,提示小于胎龄儿是双胎内个体发生BPD的危险因素(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040~24.190,P<0.05)。结论双胎早产儿BPD的发生不仅与胎龄相关,也与双胎出生体重差异、小于胎龄儿密切相关。

关键词：支气管肺发育不良危险因素多中心研究双胎儿早产儿

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Correlation between metastatic lymph node ratio and prognosis in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第14期21卷 4255-4260页

作者： jian-wei zhang yun-Mian Chu Zhong-min Lan Xiao-Long Tang Ying-Tai chen cheng-Feng wang xu Che Department of Abdominal Surgery Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College

AIM: To investigate the prognostic value of metastaticlymph node ratio(MLNR) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECC) patients undergoing radical ***: Seventy-eight patients with ECC were *** between various clinicopathologic factors and prognosis were investigated by KaplanMeier *** Cox proportional-hazards model was used for multivariate survival ***: The overall three- and five-year survival rates were 47.26% and 23.99%, *** of 0, 0-0.2, 0.2-0.5, and > 0.5 corresponded to fiveyear survival rates of 28.59%, 21.60%, 18.84%, and 10.03%, *** analysis showed that degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, MLNR, tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) stage, and margin status were closely associated with postoperative survival in ECC patients(P 0.5, 0.2-0.5, 0-0.2, and 0 was 15 mo, 24 mo, 23 mo, and 35.5 mo, *** were statistical differences in survival time between patients with different MLNR(χ2 = 15.38; P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: MLNR is an independent prognostic factor for ECC patients after radical resection and is useful for predicting postoperative survival.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Metastatic lymph node Prognosis

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A partition-type tubular scaffold loaded with PDGF-releasing microspheres for spinal cord repair facilitates the directional migration and growth of cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1231-1240页

作者： xue chen Mei-ling xu cheng-Niu wang Lu-Zhong zhang Ya-Hong Zhao Chang-Lai Zhu Ying chen jian Wu yu-min Yang Xiao-Dong wang School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences Soochow University Department of Histology and Embryology Medical CollegeNantong University Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co-innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong University

The best tissue-engineered spinal cord grafts not only match the structural characteristics of the spinal cord but also allow the seed cells to grow and function in ***-derived growth factor（PDGF） has been shown to promote the migration of bone marrow stromal cells;however,cytokines need to be released at a steady rate to maintain a stable concentration in ***,new methods are needed to maintain an optimal concentration of cytokines over an extended period of time to effectively promote seed cell localization,proliferation and *** the present study,a partition-type tubular scaffold matching the anatomical features of the thoracic 8–10 spinal cord of the rat was fabricated using chitosan and then subsequently loaded with chitosan-encapsulated PDGF-BB microspheres（PDGF-MSs）.The PDGF-MS-containing scaffold was then examined in vitro for sustained-release capacity,biocompatibility,and its effect on neural progenitor cells differentiated in vitro from multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells（MUSE-NPCs）.We found that pre-freezing for 2 hours at-20°C significantly increased the yield of partition-type tubular scaffolds,and 30 μL of 25% glutaraldehyde ensured optimal crosslinking of *** resulting PDGF-MSs cumulatively released 52% of the PDGF-BB at 4 weeks in vitro without burst *** PDGF-MS-containing tubular scaffold showed suitable biocompatibility towards MUSE-NPCs and could promote the directional migration and growth of these *** findings indicate that the combination of a partition-type tubular scaffold,PDGF-MSs and MUSENPCs may be a promising model for the fabrication of tissue-engineered spinal cord grafts.

关键词： nerve regeneration partition-type tubular scaffold microspheres platelet-derived growth factor muse cells neural precursor cells chitosan encapsulation efficiency bone marrow spinal cord injury tissue engineering neural regeneration

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基于LASSO回归的腰椎融合术后恶心呕吐预测模型的构建与验证

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中华医学杂志 2024年第19期104卷 1713-1720页

作者：王长红罗婧予周盈丰张焰统陈刚许梦婷李军温州市中西医结合医院麻醉手术科温州温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院麻醉与围术期医学科温州

目的建立并验证基于LASSO回归的腰椎融合术患者发生术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的预测模型。方法回顾性纳入温州医科大学附属第二医院2022年4月至2023年4月行腰椎融合术582例患者作为建模组, 进行模型建立及内部验证;其中男293例, 女289例, 年龄... 详细信息

目的建立并验证基于LASSO回归的腰椎融合术患者发生术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的预测模型。方法回顾性纳入温州医科大学附属第二医院2022年4月至2023年4月行腰椎融合术582例患者作为建模组, 进行模型建立及内部验证;其中男293例, 女289例, 年龄[M(Q1, Q3)]为65(56, 70)岁。纳入温州市中西医结合医院2019年4月至2023年4月行腰椎融合术233例患者作为验证组, 进行模型外部验证;其中男118例, 女115例, 年龄为68(60, 74)岁。采用单因素分析及LASSO回归筛选危险因素, logistic回归建立模型并绘制列线图。使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)、校准曲线及决策曲线评估模型性能及临床适用性。结果最终筛选出4个预测因素, 女性(OR=3.564, 95%CI:2.142～5.929, P40%(OR=3.474, 95%CI:1.012～11.926, P=0.048)、低血压最长持续时间>5 min(OR=1.818, 95%CI:1.209～2.735, P=0.004)、低血压累计时间>10 min(OR=1.852, 95%CI:1.226～2.796, P=0.003)是发生PONV的危险因素。建立的预测模型在建模组及验证组的AUC分别为0.763(95%CI:0.719～0.807, P<0.001)、0.708(95%CI:0.627～0.790, P<0.001), 两组校准曲线和决策曲线显示模型一致性与获益性良好。结论基于LASSO回归构建的包括女性、不吸烟、术中低血压、地塞米松等因素在内的腰椎融合术PONV预测模型具有较准确的预测性及临床应用价值。

关键词：手术后恶心呕吐腰椎融合术预测模型

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Soil pH Dynamics and Nitrogen Transformations Under Long-Term Chemical Fertilization in Four Typical Chinese Croplands

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 2092-2102页

作者： MENG Hong-qi xu ming-gang L Jia-long HE Xin-hua LI jian-wei SHI Xiao-jun PENG Chang wang Bo-ren zhang Hui-min College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Resources and Environment Henan Polytechnic University School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia Department of Botany and Microbiology The University of Oklahoma College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Long-term fertilization experiment provides the platform for understanding the proton budgets in nitrogen transformations of agricultural ecosystems. We analyzed the historical （1990-2005） observations on four agricultural long-term experiments in China （Changping, Chongqing, Gongzhuling and Qiyang） under four different fertilizations, i.e., no-fertilizer （control）, sole chemical nitrogen fertilizer （FN）, sole chemical phosphorous and potassium fertilizers （FPK） and chemical nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizers （FNPK）. The significant decline in topsoil pH was caused not only by chemical N fertilization （0.29 and 0.89？pH at Gongzhuling and Qiyang, respectively） but also by chemical PK fertilization （0.59？pH at Gongzhuling）. The enhancement of available nutrients in the topsoil due to long-term direct nutrients supply with chemical fertilizers was in the descending order of available P （168-599%）〉available K （16-189%）〉available N （9-33%）. The relative rate of soil pH decline was lower under long-term judicious chemical fertilization （-0.036-0.034 ？pH yr-1） than that under long-term sole N or PK fertilization （0.016-0.086 ？pH yr-1）. Long-term judicious chemical fertilization with N, P and K elements decreases the nutritional limitation to normal crop growth, under which more N output was distributed in biomass removal rather than the loss via nitrate leaching. We concluded that the N distribution percentage of nitrate leaching to biomass removal might be a suitable indicator to the sensitivity of agricultural ecosystems to acid inputs.

关键词： available nutrients ecosystem long-term fertilization N distribution soil pH

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