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Crustal magma oxidation state and endowments in porphyry copper deposits

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 226-236页

作者： Yumin AI Massimo CHIARADIA Chao WU huayong chen Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials

Porphyry copper deposits（PCDs） supply the majority of the world's copper（Cu） as well as significant amounts of molybdenum（Mo） and gold（Au）. The formation of these deposits is controlled by a variety of geological factors, among which the magmatic oxidation is one of the focuses of current research. This study investigates the redox characteristics of arc magmas by analyzing the ratio of vanadium（V） to scandium（Sc） and its correlation with the oxygen fugacity （fO2） of magmas from arcs of various crustal thicknesses globally. We compiled an extensive dataset of published V/Sc values and studied the partition coefficients of Vand Sc between minerals and silicate melts across various magmatic environments. The results demonstrate that fractional crystallization of magnetite markedly reduces V/Sc values of the residual melt. Furthermore, magnesium number（Mg#） at the onset of magnetite fractionation is strongly positively correlated with fO2of the equilibrium magma. Based on this,the oxidation of arc magmas from different crustal thicknesses can be evaluated. The result suggests that magmas generated in crusts thicker than 20 km tend to be more oxidized with increasing crust thickness. This trend is attributed to enhanced intracrustal differentiation processes involving garnet and amphibole, particularly in mature island and continental arcs. In contrast,magmas in thinner arc crusts（<20 km）, which are significantly influenced by subducted slab materials, display higher oxidation states than most of their thicker crust counterparts. These findings suggest that both subduction dynamics and crustal thickness play a vital role in determining the oxidation state of arc magmas and, consequently, their capacity to generate PCDs. Highly oxidized, primitive arc magmas are less favorable for PCD formation due to that they tend to experience magnetite fractionation and thus sulfide saturation in the early stage of magma evolution, a process leading to copper depletion. On the contra

关键词： Magma evolution V/Sc systematics Magnetite Oxygen fugacity Porphyry copper deposits

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俯冲边界成矿作用研究进展及若干问题

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地学前缘 2014年第5期21卷 13-22页

作者：陈华勇肖兵中国科学院矿物学与成矿学重点实验室中国科学院广州地球化学研究所广东广州510640

板块俯冲作用是板块运动的重要形式,其在板块边缘产生以弧盆体系为特征的地质构造单元及相关的成矿作用,如火山弧及相关的斑岩型铜矿床、弧后盆地及相关的火山岩赋存块状硫化物矿床等。板块俯冲边界形成的矿床多具有规模大、带状聚集分... 详细信息

板块俯冲作用是板块运动的重要形式,其在板块边缘产生以弧盆体系为特征的地质构造单元及相关的成矿作用,如火山弧及相关的斑岩型铜矿床、弧后盆地及相关的火山岩赋存块状硫化物矿床等。板块俯冲边界形成的矿床多具有规模大、带状聚集分布,金属种类多样和易开采等特点,对全球铜、金、铁等资源储量贡献巨大。近些年来俯冲边界成矿作用取得了很多进展,如:基本建立了斑岩及浅成低温成矿模式和勘查模型;确认了古今VMS型成矿系统并建立相应的成矿模式;重新确立了一些与俯冲作用相关的新矿床类型等。但是,俯冲边界成矿作用仍然存在较多的科学问题,如:斑岩铜矿的成矿机制,特别是成矿背景、成矿岩浆作用的特点、金属来源和萃取机理等方面争议较大;不同俯冲边界(如环太平洋安第斯、西南太平洋、北美西部、中国东部等成矿带)成矿差异性机制以及古弧盆体系后期改造的过程与影响等。这些尚未解决的科学问题正引领着俯冲边界成矿作用研究的前沿。

关键词：俯冲板块边界成矿作用成矿系统成矿模式

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Metallogenesis and major challenges of porphyry copper systems above subduction zones

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第7期63卷 899-918页

作者： huayong chen Chao WU Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

Porphyry copper±molybdenum±gold deposits(PCDs) are the most representative magmatic-hydrothermal metallogenic system above subduction zones with important economic value. Previous studies revealed that large PCDs are generally formed from initial arc magmas(from subduction-induced partial melting of the mantle wedge), which eventually ascend to the shallow crust(3–5 km) for mineralization after a series of complex evolution processes. These processes include(1) the dehydration or partial melting of subducting slab, which induces partial melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge;(2)the ascent of mantle-derived magma to the bottom of the lower crust, which subsequently undergoes crustal processes such as assimilation plus fractional crystallization(AFC) or melting, assimilation, storage and homogenization(MASH);(3) the magma chamber formation at the bottom of the lower, middle and upper crust;(4) the final emplacement and volatilization of porphyry stocks;and(5) the accumulation of ore-forming fluids and metal precipitation. Despite the many decades of research, many issues involving the PCD metallogenic mechanism still remain to resolve, such as(1) the tectonic control on the geochemical characteristics of ore-forming magma;(2) the reason for the different lifespans of the long-term magmatic arc evolution and geologically "instantaneous" mineralization processes;(3) the source of ore-forming materials;(4) the relative contributions of metal pre-enrichment to mineralization by the magma source and by magmatic evolution;and(5) the decoupling behaviors of Cu and Au during the pre-enrichment. These issues point out the direction for future PCD metallogenic research, and the resolution to them will deepen our understanding of the metallogenesis at convergent plate boundaries.

关键词： Subduction zone Porphyry Cu deposit Metallogenesis

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What is the Future Road for Mineral Exploration in the 21st Century?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1328-1329页

作者： huayong chen Junling Zhang Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The future trends for mineral exploration study should depend on the demands from our society and industry,which have clearly changed in the past decade and will continuously evolve in the *** general,three major challenges on mineral exploration have been raised for all economic geologists,including:(1)deep exploration;(2)intelligent exploration and;(3)green exploration(i.e.,“DIG”exploration).

关键词： exploration evolve continuously

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Advances in Isotope Geochronology and Isotope Geochemistry:A Preface

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第1期33卷 1-4页

作者： Xiangkun Zhu Zaicong Wang huayong chen MLR Key Laboratory of Isotope Geology Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Isotope geochronology and isotope geochemistry are important branches of geochemistry. They are based on variations in radiogenic or stable isotope ratios of elements and provide key chemical fingerprints to understand dynamic evolution of the Earth and other planetary bodies from the past to the present, and from their interior to exterior systems.

关键词： isotope geochemistry planetary

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A model for the mean velocity of debris flow movement based on the minimum energy dissipation principle

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第12期21卷 3961-3970页

作者： LI Xiangning chen Jiangang chen Xiaoqing ZHAO Wanyu chen huayong ZHANG Shaoxiong Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Chengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049China Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang 050043China

The geomorphic minimum energy dissipation principle is important in the development of gully evolutionary *** impact of debris flows on channels during movement also adheres to this theory.A minimum energy dissipation model for debris flows has been obtained from previous studies,which is derived from the flow rules of runoff along a channel under rainfall or ice-snow meltwater ***,the lack of consideration for erosion characteristics has hindered a comprehensive understanding of the movement characteristics of debris *** this paper,the phenomenon of volume increase resulting from the entrainment along debris flow movement is considered in order to derive a model for the mean velocity,reflecting the minimum energy dissipation *** entire expression of the mean velocity model is determined through 38 typical glacial and rainstorm debris flow *** evaluate the reliability of the proposed model,we employed 164 monitoring data from 1995 to 2000 in the Jiangjia gully,Yunnan,*** results show that the velocity calculated by the proposed model are highly correlated with those obtained from the monitoring ***,a comparison is made between the mean velocities calculated by the proposed model and those obtained from previous studies,highlighting the exceptional applicability of the proposed *** study will contribute to reveal the movement laws of debris flow along the channel.

关键词： Debris flow Minimum energy dissipation principle Longitudinal profile evolution Mean velocity

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Experimental study of high to intermediate temperature alteration in porphyry copper systems and geological implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第3期62卷 550-570页

作者： Jianping LI huayong chen Long SU Bing XIAO Yunfeng WANG Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources ResearchInstitute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Porphyry copper systems, which provide most of the world's copper resource, are commonly associated with characteristic concentric zonation of alteration and mineralization. In-depth knowledge of the distribution and transport mechanism of elements in the alteration zones is essential for understanding the ore-forming processes. We employed flow-reaction apparatus to simulate the fluid-rock interactions during porphyry ore formation so as to investigate the mechanisms that govern the transport of elements and the development of zonation. The results indicate more heterogeneous distribution of elements in the experimental products at 450°C compared to those at lower temperatures, which implies a crucial role of temperature in controlling elements redistribution in hydrothermal systems. Heating advances potassic alteration and Ca leaching of wall *** achieve the same degree of sodic alteration, it requires a higher concentration of Na+in the fluid toward higher *** also facilitates the incorporation of Ti, Sr and Pb into silicate minerals through cation substitution. We infer from experimental results that from the center of intermediate to mafic volcanic wall rocks toward periphery, the contents of K and Ti should decrease and the contents of Ca, Zn and Mn should increase, whereas the trend for Si and Na could be *** study provides experimental and theoretical insights into a variety of vital geological observations, including anhydrite formation and the widespread development of potassic rather than sodic alteration in porphyry copper deposits.

关键词： Porphyry copper deposit Fluid-rock interactions Flowing systems Elements transport mechanism

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Geochemistry and geochronology of multi-generation garnet:New insights on the genesis and fluid evolution of prograde skarn formation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 360-371页

作者： Gaobin Chu huayong chen Shitao Zhang Yu Zhang Jiamin cheng CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou 510640China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710069China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitor Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Origin of garnet in skarn(magmatic ***)and the prograde skarn fluid evolution are still *** generations of garnet(Grt1,Grt2)were identified at the Tongshankou deposit:Grt1 is anisotropic with oscillatory zoning and resorbed boundary,whilst Grt2 grew around Grt1 and formed oscillatory ***-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of Grt1 and Grt2 yielded a lower intercept^(206)Pb/^(238)U age of 142.4±2.8 Ma(n=57;MSWD=1.16)and 142.3±9.6 Ma(n=60;MSWD=1.06),respectively,coeval with the ore formation and ore-related granodiorite *** Eu anomaly,non-CHARAC Y/Ho value and low TiO_(2)content,together with the mineral assemblages indicate that both Grtl and Grt2 have a hydrothermal *** existence of melt and melt-fluid inclusions in Grt1,together with similar LREE-enriched patterns to the granodiorite,further indicate that Grt1 may have formed in the magmatic-hydrothermal *** U contents and LREE-enriched patterns of Grt1 indicate that fluid I is mildly acidic pH and low fO_(2).The inner gray Grt2 rims(Grt2A)is HREE-enriched with low U contents,indicating that fluid II has nearly neutral pH and high fO_(2).The wider Y/Ho range and LREE-enriched patterns of the outer light-gray Grt2 rims(Grt2B)show that the evolved magmatic fluidⅡhad mixed with an external fluid,characterized by being mildly acidic pH and with high fO_(2)·Our results suggest that the prograde skarn-forming fluids can be multistage at Tongshankou,and the mixing of meteoric water may have been prominent in the prograde skarn stage.

关键词： Multi-generation garnet Mineral chemistry LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating Fluid evolution Prograde skarn

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Timing of carbonatite-hosted U-polymetallic mineralization in the supergiant Huayangchuan deposit,Qinling Orogen:Constraints from titanite U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os dating

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1581-1592页

作者： Hui Zheng huayong chen Dengfeng Li Chao Wu Xi chen Chun-kit Lai Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Earth Science and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610000China Faculty of Science Universiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBE1410Brunei Darussalam

The newly-discovered supergiant Huayangchuan uranium(U)-polymetallic(Sr,Se,REEs,Ba,Nb and Pb)deposit is located in the Qinling Orogen,central *** deposit underwent multistage mineralization,with the main carbonatite ore stage being the most important for the U,Nb,REE,Sr and Ba *** to the mineral assemblages,the main carbonatite ore stage can be divided into three substages,i.e.,sulfate(Ba-Sr),alkali-rich U and REE-U ***-stage titanite from the Huayangchuan igneous carbonatite are rich in high field strength elements(HFSEs,e.g.,Zr,Nb and REEs),and show clear elemental substitutions(e.g.,Ti ***+Fe+Al and Ca+Ti ***+Al+REE).High-precision LA-ICP-MS titanite dating yielded a U-Pb age of 209.0±2.9 Ma,which represents the mainstage mineralization age at Huayangchuan,and is coeval with the local carbonatite dyke *** mineralization age is further constrained by the Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the Huayangchuan carbonatite,which yielded a weighted mean age of 196.8±2.4 *** Re contents(337.55-392.75 ppm)and C-OSr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidence of the Huayangchuan carbonatite both suggest a mantle origin for the *** study supports that the Late Triassic carbonatite magmatism was responsible for the world-class U-Mo-REE mineralization in the Qinling Orogen,and that the regional magmatism and ore formation was likely caused by the closure of the Mianlue ocean and the subsequent North China-South China continent-continent collision.

关键词： Carbonatite-hosted U-Polymetallic deposits Titanite U–Pb dating Molybdenite Re–Os dating Huayangchuan deposit Qinling orogen

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Multiple-Stage Mineralization in the Huayangchuan U-REE-Mo-Cu-Fe Ore Belt of the Qinling Orogen,Central China:Geological and Re-Os Geochronological Constraints

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第1期33卷 193-204页

作者： Hongjun Jiang Chunsi Yang Dequan Wang Hui Zheng Jie Li huayong chen Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou 510640China State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Geological Party No.214 Sino Shaanxi Nuclear Industry GroupXi'an 710100China Sino Shaanxi Nuclear Industry Group Xi'an 710100China

The Huayangchuan ore belt is located in the western segment of Xiaoqinling Orogen in the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC),and hosts voluminous magmatism and significant U-REE-Mo-Cu-Fe polymetallic ***,geochronological framework of the various mineralization phases in this region is poorly ***,we present new Re-Os isochron ages on magnetite from the Caotan Fe deposit(2 675 ± 410 Ma,MSWD = 0.55),and on pyrite from the Jialu REE deposit(2 127 ± 280 Ma,MSWD = 1.9) and Yuejiawa Cu deposit(418 ± 23 Ma,MSWD =11.5),and Re-Os weighted average model age on pyrite from the Taoyuan Mo-U deposit(235 ± 14 Ma,MSWD = 0.17).These ages,combined with regional geology and mineralization ages from other deposits,suggest that mineralization in the Huayangchuan ore belt lasted from the Neoarchean to the Late *** mineralization corresponds to regional tectono-magmatic events,including the Neoarchean alkali magmatism(REE mineralization),Paleoproterozoic plagioclase-amphibolite emplacement(Fe mineralization),Paleoproterozoic pegmatite magmatism(U mineralization),Paleozoic Shangdan oceanic slab subduction-related arc magmatism(Cu mineralization),Early Mesozoic Paleo-Tethys Ocean subduction-related arc magmatism(Mo-U mineralization),and Late Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate subduction direction change-related Mo(-Pb) *** proposed that the Huayangchuan ore belt has undergone prolonged metallogenic evolution,and the magmatism and associated mineralization were controlled by regional geodynamic events.

关键词： Re-Os dating U-REE-Mo-Cu-Fe mineralization Huayangchuan ore belt extra-long metallogenic history Qinling Orogen geochemistry

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