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Transfusion trigger:how low can you go?

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中国输血杂志 2012年第10期25卷 917-918页

作者： Jeffrey l.carson UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA

Approximately 12 million red blood cell (RBC)200 cc units are transfused annually in the China and about 85 million RBC units ***,there is widespread variation in transfusion practice.1,2 The most likely reason is that there has been limited high quality evidence to guide *** recent years there has been publication of several important clinical trials that expand the data informing the transfusion decision.

关键词：输血触发红血细胞临床试验 RBC 单位

Disturbance history,species diversity,and structural complexity of a temperate deciduous forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 397-414页

作者： Jonathan D.Goode carson R.Barefoot Justin l.Hart Daniel C.Dey Department of Geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Northern Research Station USDA Forest ServiceColumbiaMO 65211USA

Stand structural complexity enhancement is an increasingly popular management objective,especially on public *** stand structures are hypothesized to support a relatively high degree of native forest diversity and be more resistant and resilient to *** structures are characterized by the presence of deadwood and heterogeneity of tree-size classes and tree *** little is known about how discrete disturbance events affect structural complexity and compositional diversity in Quercus-dominated stands at fine spatial scales(***).We established 200.05 ha fixed-radius plots on the Sipsey Wilderness of William *** National Forest in northern Alabama to quantify woody plant species composition and *** were mapped on each plot to quantify overstory structural complexity and compositional *** extracted two cores from all canopy Quercus spp.C 5 cm diameter at breast height to quantify age,recruitment pulses,and reconstruct canopy disturbance *** species diversity in the sampled area was 1.75 for trees,2.08 for saplings,and 1.69 for *** alba had the greatest basal area,and Ostrya virginiana had the highest *** stand exhibited a reverse J-shaped distribution with a q-factor of *** oldest Quercus dated to 1795,and the largest recruitment pulse occurred in the *** mean return interval for intermediateseverity disturbance was 38 *** we documented no relationships between disturbance frequency and compositional diversity at the neighborhood scale(0.05 ha),less frequent disturbance was associated with higher structural complexity(r^2=0.258,p=0.026)at the neighborhood *** suggest that localized disturbance increases species diversity and structural complexity,but these processes are manifest at the stand level and not at the neighborhood *** conclude that the spatial variability(***,shape,orientation,microsite conditions)is likel

关键词： Canopy gap Quercus(oak) Stand development Succession

Exercise as a therapy for cancer-induced muscle wasting

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第4期2卷 186-194页

作者： Jessica l.Halle Brittany R.Counts James A.carson Integrative Muscle Biology laboratory Division of Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Cancer cachexia is a progressive disorder characterized by body weight,fat,and muscle *** induces metabolic disruptions that can be analogous and distinct from those observed in cancer,obscuring both diagnosis and treatment ***,hypogonadism,and physical inactivity are widely investigated as systemic mediators of cancer-induced muscle *** the cellular level,dysregulation of protein turnover and energy metabolism can negatively impact muscle mass and *** is well known for its anti-inflammatory effects and potent stimulation of anabolic *** evidence suggests the potential for exercise to rescue muscle's sensitivity to anabolic stimuli,reduce wasting through protein synthesis modulation,myokine release,and subsequent downregulation of proteolytic *** date,there is no recommendation for exercise in the management of *** its complex nature,a multimodal approach incorporating exercise offers promising potential for cancer cachexia *** review's primary objective is to summarize the growing body of research examining exercise regulation of cancer ***,we will provide evidence for exercise interactions with established systemic and cellular regulators of cancer-induced muscle wasting.

关键词： Physical activity Anabolic resistance Inflammation Il-6 Metabolic dysfunction Protein turnover

Temperature imaging with speed of ultrasonic transmission tomography for medical treatment control:A physical model-based method

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第10期24卷 297-302页

作者：储哲琦袁杰 Stephen Z.Pinter Oliver D.Kripfgans 王学鼎 Paul l.carson 刘晓峻 School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Department of Radiology University of Michigan School of Physics Nanjing University

Hyperthermia is a promising method to enhance chemo and radiation therapy of breast cancer. In the process of hyperthermia, temperature monitoring is of great importance to assure the effectiveness of treatment. The transmission speed of ultrasound in biomedical tissue changes with temperature. However, when mapping the speed of sound directly to temperature in each pixel as desired for using all speeds of ultrasound data, temperature bipolar edge enhancement artifacts occur near the boundary of two tissues with different speeds of ultrasound. After the analysis of the reasons for causing these artifacts, an optimized method is introduced to rebuild the temperature field image by using the continuity constraint as the judgment criterion. The significant smoothness of the rebuilding image in the transitional area shows that our proposed method can build a more precise temperature image for controlling the medical thermal treatment.

关键词： temperature imaging speed of sound continuous constrain thermal therapy

Adaptive optimization on ultrasonic transmission tomography-based temperature image for biomedical treatment

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第6期26卷 197-202页

作者：朱昀浩袁杰 Stephen Z Pinter Oliver D Kripfgans 程茜王学鼎陶超刘晓峻徐冠 Paul l carson School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Department of Radiology University of Michigan School of Physics Tongji University School of Physics Nanjing University

Hyperthermia has proven to be beneficial to treating superficial malignancies, particularly chest wall recurrences of breast cancer. During hyperthermia, monitoring the time–temperature profiles in the target and surrounding areas is of great significance for the effect of therapy. An ultrasound-based temperature imaging method has advantages over other approaches. When the temperature around the tumor is calculated by using the propagation speed of ultrasound, there always exist overshoot artifacts along the boundary between different tissues. In this paper, we present a new method combined with empirical mode decomposition（EDM）, similarity constraint, and continuity constraint to optimize the temperature images. Simulation and phantom experiment results compared with those from our previously proposed method prove that the EMD-based method can build a better temperature field image, which can adaptively yield better temperature images with less computation for assistant medical treatment control.

关键词： temperature imaging empirical mode decomposition ultrasound transmission tomography

Fluorine-thiol displacement probes for acetaminophen's hepatotoxicity

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第1期13卷 204-212页

作者： Benjamin l.Prather Shuyue Ji Yue Zhao Femil Joseph Shajan Mi Zhao Zakey Yusuf Buuh Robert Maloney Rui Zhang carson Cohen Rongsheng E.Wang Department of Chemistry Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA

Chemicals possessing reactive electrophiles can denature innate proteins leading to undesired toxicity,and the overdose-induced liver injury by drugs containing electrophiles has been one of the major causes of non-approval and withdraw by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA).Elucidating the associated proteins could guide the future development of therapeutics to circumvent these drugs’toxicities,but was largely limited by the current probing tools due to the steric hindrance of chemical tags including the common“click chemistry”*** the widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acetaminophen(APAP)as an example,we hereby designed and synthesized an APAP analogue using fluorine as a steric-free *** toxicity studies indicated our analogue has similar activity to the parent *** analogue was applied to the mouse hepatocellular proteome together with the corresponding desthiobiotinSH probe for subsequent fluorine-thiol displacement reactions(FTDRs).This set of probes has enabled the labeling and pull-down of hepatocellular target proteins of the APAP metabolite as validated by Western *** preliminary validation results supported the interaction of APAP with the thioredoxin protein,which is an important redox protein for normal liver *** results demonstrated that our probes confer minimal steric perturbation and mimic the compounds of interest,allowing for global profiling of interacting *** fluorine-thiol displacement probing system could emerge as a powerful tool to enable the investigation of drug-protein interactions in complex biological environments.

关键词： Acetaminophen(APAP) liver Hepatotoxicity Bioorthogonal Click chemistry Fluorinedisplacement Fluorinethiol displacementreaction FTDR

levels and correlates of 24-hour movement behaviors among South Koreans:Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys,2014 and 2015

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第4期8卷 376-385页

作者： Eun-Young,lee Valerie carson Justin Y.Jeon John C.Spence Mark S.Tremblay School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen's UniversityKingston ON K7L 2N9Canada Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2H9Canada Department of Sport Industry Faculty of Education SciencesYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Healthy Active living and Obesity(HAlO)Research Group CHEO Research InstituteOttawa ON KIH 8L1Canada

*** study aimed to examine the levels and correlates of 24-h movement behaviors(i.e.,physical activity,sedentary time,and sleep),and different patterns of these behaviors in a nationally representative sample of South Koreans aged 12 years and *** study also aimed to examine the sociodemographic correlates of 24?h movement behaviors stratified by age ***-reported,repeated cross-sectional data from 10,708 participants in the 2014 and 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys were *** variables included moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity,muscular strengthening exercises,walking,active transportation,sedentary time,and *** variables included age,sex,household income,area of residence,and education *** statistics by sex and age as well as general linear models by age group were *** proportions of individuals meeting the moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity,muscular strengthening exercises,and sleep guidelines were,respectively,21.6%,22.1%,and 32.5%in male youth;6.9%,4.5%,and 22.8%in female youth;55.5%,30.8%,and 54.0%in male adults;48.8%,14.4%,and 57.6%in female adults;44.0%,30.6%,and 45.5%in male older adults;and 29.5%,8.9%,and 37.3%in female older *** proportions of individuals showing the most ideal combinations of 24-h movement behaviors were only 3.2%in youth,0.4%in adults,and 0 in older ***,older age,female sex,or living in metro Seoul were associated with unfavorable patterns of 24-h movement behaviors across different age ***,the associations of income and education with movement behaviors were mixed across age ***,the proportion of South Koreans with a healthy 24-h movement behavior pattern is *** sociodemographic correlates of different types of 24-h movement behaviors should be considered when designing targeted interventions for the promotion of healthy active living for

关键词： 24-h movement behavior Behavioral epidemiology Guideline adherence Health behavior surveillance

Quantum state and process tomography via adaptive measurements

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2016年第10期59卷 25-32页

作者： HengYan Wang WenQiang Zheng NengKun Yu KeRen li DaWei lu Tao Xin carson li ZhengFeng Ji David Kribs Bei Zeng XinHua Peng JiangFeng Du Hefei National laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Applied Physics Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Institute for Quantum Computing University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada 4Department of Mathematics&Statistics University of GuelphGuelph N1G 2W1Canada Centre for Quantum Computation&Intelligent Systems Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneySydney NSW 2007Australia State Key laboratory of low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics University of GuelphGuelph N1G 2W1Canada State Key laboratory of Computer Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto M5G 1Z8Canada

We investigate quantum state tomography(QST) for pure states and quantum process tomography(QPT) for unitary channels via adaptive measurements. For a quantum system with a d-dimensional Hilbert space, we first propose an adaptive protocol where only 2d. 1 measurement outcomes are used to accomplish the QST for all pure states. This idea is then extended to study QPT for unitary channels, where an adaptive unitary process tomography(AUPT) protocol of d2+d.1measurement outcomes is constructed for any unitary channel. We experimentally implement the AUPT protocol in a 2-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance system. We examine the performance of the AUPT protocol when applied to Hadamard gate, T gate(/8 phase gate), and controlled-NOT gate,respectively, as these gates form the universal gate set for quantum information processing purpose. As a comparison, standard QPT is also implemented for each gate. Our experimental results show that the AUPT protocol that reconstructing unitary channels via adaptive measurements significantly reduce the number of experiments required by standard QPT without considerable loss of fidelity.

关键词： quantum tomography state reconstruction nuclear magnetic resonance

The Anatomy of Dorsal Ramus Nerves and Its Implications in lower Back Pain

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第2期3卷 192-201页

作者： linqiu Zhou carson D. Schneck Zhenhai Shao Department of Anatomy Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia USA Department of Orthopedics Zhujiang Hospital Nanfang Medical University Guangzhou China Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine Jefferson Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia USA

This article reviews the relationship between the spinal dorsal ramus system and low back pain, including the anatomy, clinical findings, pathogenesis and treatment of low back pain mediated by spinal dorsal ramus and zygapophysial (facet) joint syndrome. Each spinal dorsal ramus arises from the spinal nerve and then divides into a medial and lateral branch. The medial branch supplies the tissues from the midline to the zygapophysial joint line and innervates two to three adjacent zygapophysial joints and their related soft tissues. The lateral branch innervates the tissues lateral to the zygapophysial joint line. The clinical pain presentations follow these anatomic distributions, which can be used for localizing the involved dorsal ramus. The diagnosis can be confirmed by performing a single dorsal ramus block that results in relief of pain and muscle spasm. Etiologically, any factor that stimulates the spinal dorsal ramus can cause low back pain, which is distinct from zygapophysial joint syndrome. Clinically, l1 and l2 are the most common sites of dorsal rami involvement. Treatment includes spinal dorsal ramus injection therapy and percutaneous neurotomy. Summarily, irritation of the spinal dorsal ramus system is a potential source of low back pain. Based on the anatomy and clinical presentation, the involved spinal dorsal ramus can be localized and treated.

关键词： low Back Pain Spinal Dorsal Ramus Syndrome Medial Branch and lateral Branch Zygapophysial Joint Spinal Dorsal Ramus Injection and Neurotomy