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Analysis of burnup performance and temperature coefficient for a small modular molten‑salt reactor started with plutonium

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第1期34卷 178-189页

作者： Xue‑Chao Zhao Yang Zou rui Yan Xiang‑Zhou cai Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China CAS Innovative Academies in TMSR Energy System Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In a thorium-based molten salt reactor(TMSR),it is difficult to achieve the pure 232Th–^(233)U fuel cycle without sufficient^(233)U fuel ***,the original molten salt reactor was designed to use enriched uranium or plutonium as the starting *** exploiting plutonium as the starting fuel and thorium as the fertile fuel,the high-purity^(233)U produced can be separated from the spent fuel by fluorination ***,the molten salt reactor started with plutonium can be designed as a^(233)U breeder with the burning plutonium extracted from a pressurized water reactor(PWR).Combining these advantages,the study of the physical properties of plutonium-activated salt reactors is *** study mainly focused on the burnup performance and temperature reactivity coefficient of a small modular molten-salt reactor started with plutonium(SM-MSR-Pu).The neutron spectra,^(233)U production,plutonium incineration,minor actinide(MA)residues,and temperature reactivity coefficients for different fuel salt volume fractions(VF)and hexagon pitch(P)sizes were calculated to analyze the burnup behavior in the *** on the comparative analysis results of the burn-up calculation,a lower VF and larger P size are more beneficial for improving the burnup ***,from a passive safety perspective,a higher fuel volume fraction and smaller hexagon pitch size are necessary to achieve a deep negative feedback ***,an excellent burnup performance and a deep negative temperature feedback coefficient are incompatible,and the optimal design range is relatively narrow in the optimized design of an *** a comprehensive consideration,P=20 cm and VF=20%are considered to be relatively balanced design *** on the fuel off-line batching scheme,a 250 MWth SM-MSR-Pu can produce approximately 29.83 kg of ^(233)U,incinerate 98.29 kg of plutonium,and accumulate 14.70 kg of MAs per year,and the temperature reactivity coefficie

关键词： Molten salt fuel Incinerate plutonium 233U production Temperature reactivity coefficient

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Electro-chemo-mechanical analysis of the effect of bending deformation on the interface of flexible solid-state battery

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第2期44卷 189-206页

作者： Yutao SHI Chengjun XU Bingbing CHEN Jianqiu ZHOU rui cai School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210000China School of Energy Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210000China State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China

Flexible solid-state battery has several unique characteristics including high flexibility,easy portability,and high safety,which may have broad application prospects in new technology products such as rollup displays,power implantable medical devices,and wearable *** interfacial mechanical and electrochemical problems caused by bending deformation,resulting in the battery damage and failure,are particularly ***,a fully coupled electro-chemo-mechanical model is developed based on the actual solid-state battery ***-dependent material parameters,stress-dependent diffusion,and potential shift are *** to four bending forms(k=8/mm,0/mm,-8/mm,and free),the results show that the negative curvature bending is beneficial to reducing the plastic strain during charging/discharging,while the positive curvature is ***,with respect to the electrochemical performance,the negative curvature bending creates a negative potential shift,which causes the battery to reach the cut-off voltage earlier and results in capacity *** results enlighten us that suitable electrode materials and charging strategy can be tailored to reduce plastic deformation and improve battery capacity for different forms of battery bending.

关键词： solid-state battery electro-chemo-mechanical coupling model bending deformation phase-transformation plastic deformation

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A lower flammability limit prediction model of alkane-CO2 mixtures based on flame phenomenon simulation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第6期63卷 1005-1017页

作者： SHU GeQun HUO Xu TIAN Hua SUN rui cai JinWen State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072 China

In the present study, a novel model is proposed to evaluate the lower flammability limit(LFL) of alkane diluted with CO2. The LFL model is based on flame phenomenon simulation(FS-LFL). The model consists of combustion, turbulence, and igniter models, which are used to characterise the combustion based on the chemical kinetics and CFD, which is not feasible with traditional methods. The flame simulation phenomenon was validated by contrast with experiment and same criterion of flammability limit in the experiment was adopted. The FS-LFL model was used to predict the LFLs of a propane-CO2 mixture and propane at various temperatures. The model performance was analysed by comparing the results with experimental data and predictions obtained from existing methods. The AARDs between the predicted and experimentally determined LFLs of the propane-CO2 mixture are 0.34%, 1.19%, and 1.35% at 30℃, 50℃, and 70℃, respectively. The model also has a good predictive power with respect to the LFLs of propane at initial temperatures ranging from 30℃–300℃, with an AARD of 2.10%. When the dilution of CO2 is 90%, the model yields a better result due to the utilisation of the chemical kinetics mechanism. This result is instructive for the use of this method in the prediction of upper flammability limits.

关键词： lower flammability limit prediction alkane-CO2 mixture flame phenomenon simulation chemical kinetics mechanism high temperature

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A simple and controllable nanostructure comprising non-conductive poly（vinylidene fluoride） and graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2012年第2期6卷 149-159页

作者： Jing SUN Ling-Hao HE Qiao-Ling ZHAO Li-fang cai rui SONG Yong-Mei HAO Zhi MA WeiHUANG Key Lab of Surface and Interface Sciences of Henan Provincial Zhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450002China Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032china College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Gracluate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China

An effective method was used to Ioidal suspensions of highly reduced graphene produce stable and homogeneous coloxide （RGO） in N,N-dimethylformamide （DMF） without the assistance of dispersing agents. According to the results of general characterization, relatively pure graphene sheets with the morphology of single layer or few-layer structure were obtained. Then nanocomposite powders of RGO and poly （vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） were prepared by vacuum filtration of the mixed dispersions of both components. The nanocomposites exhibit a high-frequency capacitative response with small equivalent series resistance （ESR） at 0.4Q, a nearly rectangular cyclic voltammogram and possess a rapid current response as electrodes for supercapacitor in 5mol/L KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, after 600 galvanostatic charge/ discharge cycles, the supercapacitor still performs a very high stability and efficiency of capacitance.

关键词： reduced graphene oxide (RGO) poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nano.,composite supercapacitor

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Thyristor-inserted MMC Sub-module Topology with DC Fault Blocking Capability

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第5期10卷 2221-2229页

作者： Cheng Peng rui Li Xu cai Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityMinistry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China.

Modular multilevel converter(MMC)is increasingly being applied to high voltage direct current(HVDC)***,dc short circuit situations restrain the application of a conventional half bridge MMC *** this paper,a new sub-module topology with inserted thyristor can help the MMC system clear a dc side *** states and devices voltage stress of the proposed topology are analyzed and the conduction loss comparison between the proposed topology with several existing topologies with dc fault blocking capability is carried *** show the proposed topology is superior to other topologies in terms of conduction loss while using the same voltage rating ***,compared with traditional half bridge topology,only thyristors and diodes are added in the proposed ***,cost of the proposed topology can be lower than conventional hybrid MMC *** last,the fault blocking capability of the proposed topology is verified in the simulation.

关键词： Fault current limiting high voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission modular multilevel converter(MMC)

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Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior in HAZ of V and Ti Microalloyed Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2009年第3期16卷 68-72,77页

作者： fang fang YONG Qi-long YANG cai-fu SU Hang China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Beijing 100081 China

Three steels containing 0.05%C-0.1%V-0.01%N （steel V-LN）,0.05%C-0.1%V-0.02%N （steel V-HN）,and 0.05%C-0.1%V-0.02%N-0.01%Ti （steel V-HN-Ti）,which were all essentially vanadium microalloyed steels,were subjected to simulating the microstructure of a coarse grained heat affected zone （CGHAZ）. The process involved reheating to 1 350 ℃,rapid cooling to room temperature,and varying the welding heat input from 15 kJ/cm to 54 kJ/cm,including four cooling rates of t8/5 equal to 7.5 s,20 s,40 s,100 s,and the relationship of heat input to t8/5 was calculated by Quiksim software. The microstructure and precipitation of vanadium and titanium carbon nitrides are studied. The results indicate that the microstructure consists of granular bainite and some side plate ferrite in the grain boundary when the steels are produced with the highest heat input. As the heat input decreased,numerous polygonal ferrites and grain boundary ferrites appeared,and the size apparently increased. When the steel contained high nitrogen,it was considerably easier to form martensite-austenite island,which was even worse for the toughness and other properties of the steel. For the limitation of cooling time,vanadium carbon nitrides could not precipitate sufficiently,but as titanium was added,the unmelted or precipitated TiN on cooling absorbed some fraction of nitrogen in the matrix and made more precipitate positions for the round V（C,N）,and thus several useful round particles could be seen in titanium-contained steel,and most of them were around TiN. By this experiment,we can conclude that with the help of titanium,nitrogen-enhanced steel had a better prior austenite grain size,was considerably easier to precipitate,reduced free nitrogen in the matrix effectively,and provided a very effective mechanism for restriction grain growth in the HAZ.

关键词： precipitate weld input toughness nitrogen

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A Model for Precipitation Kinetics in Vanadium Microalloyed Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2010年第2期17卷 36-42页

作者： fang fang YONG Qi-long YANG cai-fu SU Hang Structure Material Institute Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China

Small dispersoid particles inhibit recrystallization which is critical in controlling the grain structure of many high strength low alloy steels. A general kinetic model has been developed to predict precipitation of V（C, N） in vanadium microalloyed steels with a series of carbon and nitrogen contents. The solubility product and driving force of carbonitrides precipitated in austenite as well as the interracial energy and other parameters can be evaluated to predict Nucleation rates-Temperature （NrT） and Precipitation-Time-Temperature （PTT） diagram. By using stress relaxation tests and fitting with Avrami equation, it is possible to draw PTT diagrams. The predictions of the model coincide with results of experimental investigation on V（C, N） precipitation in austenite. The nose temperature is around 850 ℃ obtained by experiment which is different from the prediction of the model and the difference is 30 ℃, and nitrogen has more effect on the shape of ＂C＂ curve of PTT diagram than carbon that makes ＂C＂ curve move leftward significantly.

关键词： kinetic calculation model PTT curve stress relaxation nitrogen

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Serum ferritin levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第22期10卷 7749-7759页

作者： cai-Yun Tang fang Wen Department of Psychiatry Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijing 100045China

BACKGROUND Iron plays an important role in neurodevelopmental functions in the *** ferritin levels are different in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder than in healthy *** To explore the current status of iron deficiency in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and its sex and age *** A total of 1565 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),1694 children with tic disorder(TD),93 children with ASD and 1997 healthy control children were included between January 1,2020,and December 31,2021 at Beijing Children's *** describe the differences in age levels and ferritin levels between different disease groups and their sex *** differences between the sexes in each disease were analyzed using the t *** incidence rate of low serum ferritin was used to describe the differences between different diseases and different age groups.A chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in the incidence of low serum ferritin between the disease group and the control *** of variance was used for comparisons between subgroups,and regression analysis was used for confounding factor *** A total of 1565 ADHD patients aged 5-12 years were included in this study,and the average serum ferritin levels of male and female children were 36.82±20.64μg/L and 35.64±18.56μg/L,respectively.A total of 1694 TD patients aged 5-12 years were included in this study,and the average serum ferritin levels of male and female children were 35.72±20.15μg/L and 34.54±22.12μg/L,*** age increased,the incidence of low serum ferritin in ADHD and TD first decreased and then increased,and 10 years old was the turning point of rising *** incidence of ADHD with low serum ferritin was 8.37%,the incidence of TD with low serum ferritin was 11.04%,and the incidence of the healthy control group with low serum ferritin was 8.61%,among which male children with TD accounte

关键词： Iron deficiency Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Tic disorder Serum ferritin levels Retrospective study

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Perceiving Truth and Ceasing Doubts： What Can We Learn from 40 Years of China＇s Reform and Opening up？

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China & World Economy 2018年第2期26卷 1-22页

作者： fang cai fang cai Senior Fellow Chinese Academy of Social Sciences China

China＇s reform, opening up and resultant economic growth in the past 40 years have led to the accumulation of an immense array of experiences, which economists are obligated to look into, analyze and theorize upon. In fact, the rich literature in this area has positively assessed and documented China＇s successful experiences. However, theories that were established in Western countries have been applied as doctrine to judge China＇s experiences. By adopting an analytical framework unifying historical logic and theoretical logic, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the unique Chinese experience and its relevance to the general laws of economic development. Based on the experiences of and in reference to research findings about China, this paper chronicles the process of reform, opening up and economic growth, and analyzes the nexus between them. The study demystifies how the incentive mechanism, the factor accumulation and allocation system, market development, and macro policy environment reforms have spurred China＇s economic growth, structural changes and the increase in productivity. The changes in development stage are examined and policy implications for further reform are discussed.

关键词： Chinese economy demographic dividend reform and opening up

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Is There a "Middle-income Trap"? Theories,Experiences and Relevance to China

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China & World Economy 2012年第1期20卷 49-61页

作者： fang cai Institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Through review of relevant studies and analysis, this article indicates that the ＂middleincome trap ＂ is in line with the framework of the mainstream economic growth theories, and, therefore, it is a useful concept through which we can analyze economic growth phenomena in specific economic growth phases. The empirical experiences of many countries also indicate that at specific middle-income stages, economies with high rates of growth tend to encounter economic slowdown or even stagnation. The article shows that China is facing the challenge of determining how to move smoothly beyond the middle-income stage of economic development, while taking into account the shifting population structure, changing resource endowment and growth patterns. The article, drawing on international experiences, puts forward several policy suggestions relating to improvement in total factor productivity, expansion of human capital accumulation and deepening of system and governmentfunction reforms.

关键词： growth slowdown middle-income trap total factor productivity

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