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Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in physical activity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 countries/regions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead Ryan Luiza I.c.Ricardo Nicole Nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medical Research council Epidemiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England Population Health WallsendNSW 2287Australia School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National centre of Implementation Science University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment ***:An ecological study design was *** collected data about global uniform practices using an online *** searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance *** selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process,and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were *** calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each *** regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices(binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group,and repeated primary analyses using device-measured ***:Pooling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%cI):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%cI:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%cI:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices(N=37) compared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 percentage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our primary *** initial descriptive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) reportedly use uniforms,there was lower compli

关键词： School policy clothing child Adolescent Accelerometer

Nonlocal isogeometric analysis for bidirectional functionally graded porous curved microbeams with arbitrary boundary conditions

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第8期40卷 194-218页

作者： Thu-Huong Nguyen Thi van Ke Tran van-Minh Phung van Hai Trinh Quoc Hoa Pham Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Hanoi University of IndustryHanoi100000Vietnam Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Le Quy Don Technical UniversityHanoi100000Vietnam Institute of Vehicle and Energy Engineering Le Quy Don Technical UniversityHanoi100000Vietnam Faculty of Engineering and Technology Nguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh City700000Vietnam

This research aims to analyze the static bending and free vibration behaviors of bidirectional functionally graded porous(BFGP)curved microbeams with elastic boundary conditions resting on a Pasternak’s elastic foundation in a hygro-thermal *** analysis based on non-uniform rational B-splines,first-order shear deformation theory,nonlocal elasticity theory combined with the modified strain gradient theories,modified Timoshenko beam theory are formulated to depict bending and shear deformations of BFGP curved ***,because using the modified Timoshenko beam theory,this study removes the requirement for a shear correction factor and describes shear stress by zero at the upper and lower cross-sectional sites of the BFGP curved *** from traditional boundary conditions,where the beginning and end positions of a curved beam are connected by an elastic system of straight and torsion *** allows for greater flexibility in controlling the stiffness of the springs to obtain arbitrary *** assess the accuracy and convergence of the proposed approach,validation numerical examples were conducted in the various examples.

关键词： Bidirectional functionally graded porous material Elastic boundary condition Isogeometric analysis curved microbeams Nonlocal elasticity theory Modified strain gradient theory

consumer transparency in the production chain for plant varieties produced using new genomic techniques

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aBIOTEcH 2024年第2期5卷 239-246页

作者： J.M.Lukasiewicz c.c.M.van de Wiel L.A.P.Lotz M.J.M.Smulders Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 386NL-6700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

Plants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically Modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/Ec)in the European *** the proposal of the European commission,NGT plants are partially exempted from the regulations of this *** proposal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT plants:NGT-1 and ***-1 category plants are considered equal to plants obtained through conventional breeding *** plants will not be labelled for the consumer,although they will be labelled as ***-2 category plants may be labelled with additional information as a positive *** of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the products,would mean that most steps in the production chain are transparent,but not the last step towards ***“right to know”and increasing knowledge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food labelling towards ***,we describe current labelling regimes and registers and how these may be applied to provide transparency on gene-edited products to ***,we also look into consumer studies,which indicate a greater acceptance of gene-edited food among consumers,especially when additional benefits such as sustainability are mentioned.

关键词： Labelling New genomic techniques consumer transparency Plant products

Study of relationship between motion of mechanisms in gas operated weapon and its shock absorber

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 42-54页

作者： Jiri Balla Roman Vitek Dung Nguyen van Zbynek Krist Hung Nguyen van Department of Weapons and Ammunition University of Defence BrnoCzech Republic Department of Weapons Le Quy Don Technical UniversityHanoiViet Nam Department of Design and Special Engineering Alexander Dubcek University of TrencinSlovakia

The article deals with the motion of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing of an automatic weapon mounted on a flexible carriage and the base of the *** works,which did not consider the dynamic properties of the base of the weapon,did not allow to reconcile the calculated and experimental results of the weapon casing displacement when shooting from firing *** the analysis of the motion of individual parts,the methods of mathematical modelling and firing experiments using a high-speed camera were *** show the best accord with experiment when modelling the system with 4 degrees of *** oscillation of the system regarding the movement of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing was investigated under changed conditions of rate of fire,the use of a muzzle brake and different types of shock *** velocities and displacements of the weapon casing and the breech block carrier at different values of the impulse of the gases to the breech block carrier were determined.

关键词： Shock absorber Gas-operated weapon Force-impulse diagram Recoil system Breech block carrier

Mapping and understanding degradation of alpine wetlands in the northern Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2956-2966页

作者： Johan van TOL Department of Soil Crop and Climate SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa

The alpine terrestrials of the Maloti-Drakensberg in southern Africa play crucial roles in ecosystem functions and livelihoods,yet they face escalating degradation from various factors including overgrazing and climate *** study employs advanced Digital Soil Mapping(DSM)techniques coupled with remote sensing to map and assess wetland coverage and degradation in the northern *** model achieved high accuracies of 96%and 92%for training and validation data,respectively,with Kappa statistics of 0.91 and 0.83,marking a pioneering automated attempt at wetland mapping in this *** attributes such as terrain wetness index(TWI)and valley depth(VD)exhibit significant positive correlations with wetland coverage and erosion gully density,channel Network Depth and slope were negative *** density analysis revealed terrain attributes as dominant factors driving degradation,highlighting the need to consider catchment-specific susceptibility to *** challenge traditional assumptions which mainly attribute wetland degradation to external forces such as livestock overgrazing,ice rate activity and climate *** sensitivity map produced could serve as a basis for Integrated catchment Management(IcM)projects,facilitating tailored conservation *** research should expand on this work to include other highland areas,explore additional covariates,and categorize wetlands based on hydroperiod and sensitivity to *** comprehensive study underscores the potential of DSM and remote sensing in accurately assessing and managing wetland ecosystems,crucial for sustainable resource management in alpine regions.

关键词： Digital Soil Mapping Gully density Integrated catchment management Remote sensing Wetland degradation

cD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDc1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël c.de Groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama Hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris L.Vos charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.c.c.de Miranda Heinz Jacobs Sjoerd H.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

cD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDc1s)to induce cD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(cTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDc1s with a transcriptomic imprint of cD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mechanism of cDc1 licensing by cD4^(+)T cells in *** cD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MHc-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDc1s and thereby improves their ability to induce cTL anticancer *** cooperation with cD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDc1s required for cTL response ***-I-producing cD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to cTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDcs and tumor-reactive cD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing cD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： cD4^(+)T-cell help cDc1 licensing IFN-I signaling cD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation cTL priming Tumor control

Stereoselective recognition of morphine enantiomers by μ-opioid receptor

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 183-191页

作者： Yibo Wang van A.Ngo Xiaohui Wang Laboratory of chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Advanced computing for Life Sciences and Engineering Group Science Engagement Section National Center for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National Lab School of Applied chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences

Stereospecific recognition of chiral molecules plays a crucial role in biological systems. The μ-opioid receptor（MOR） exhibits binding affinity towards（-）-morphine, a well-established gold standard in pain management, while it shows minimal binding affinity for the（+）-morphine enantiomer, resulting in a lack of analgesic activity. Understanding how MOR stereoselectively recognizes morphine enantiomers has remained a puzzle in neuroscience and pharmacology for over half-a-century due to the lack of direct observation techniques. To unravel this mystery, we constructed the binding and unbinding processes of morphine enantiomers with MOR via molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics governing MOR's stereoselective recognition of morphine enantiomers. Our findings reveal that the binding of（-）-morphine stabilizes MOR in its activated state, exhibiting a deep energy well and a prolonged residence time. In contrast,（+）-morphine fails to sustain the activation state of ***, the results suggest that specific residues, namely D1142.50and D1473.32, are deprotonated in the active state of MOR bound to（-）-morphine. This work highlights that the selectivity in molecular recognition goes beyond binding affinities, extending into the realm of residence time.

关键词： stereoselective recognition thermodynamics and kinetics residence time morphine enantiomers μ-opioid receptor

Transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells resting on Kerr's foundations with laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber surface and auxetic honeycomb core subjected to the blast load

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 222-247页

作者： Nguyen Thi Hai van Thi Hong Nguyen Researcher&Lecturer Faculty of Industrial EducationThe University of Danang-University of Technology and Education48 Cao ThangDanang550000Viet Nam Researcher&Lecturer Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringThuyloi University175 Tay SonDong DaHanoi100000Viet Nam

This work uses refined first-order shear theory to analyze the free vibration and transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells made of auxetic honeycomb core and laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber surface subjected to the blast *** of the two layers that make up the double-curved shell structure is made up of an auxetic honeycomb core and two laminated sheets of three-phase polymer/GNP/*** exterior is supported by a Kerr elastic foundation with three *** key innovation of the proposed theory is that the transverse shear stresses are zero at two free surfaces of each *** contrast to previous first-order shear deformation theories,no shear correction factor is ***'s exact solution was used to treat the double-curved shell problem with a single title boundary,while the finite element technique and an eight-node quadrilateral were used to address the other boundary *** ensure the accuracy of these results,a thorough comparison technique is employed in conjunction with credible *** problem model's edge cases allow for this kind of *** study's findings may be used in the post-construction evaluation of military and civil works structures for their ability to sustain explosive *** addition,this is also an important basis for the calculation and design of shell structures made of smart materials when subjected to shock waves or explosive loads.

关键词： Blast load Two-layer shell Polymer/GNP/Fiber surface Auxetic honeycomb Shear connectors

Recent advances and innovations in the design and fabrication of wearable flexible biosensors and human health monitoring systems based on conjugated polymers

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第4期7卷 476-516页

作者： Vinh van Tran Viet-Duc Phung Daeho Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon UniversitySeongnam 13120Republic of Korea Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Duy Tan UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam Faculty of Environmental and chemical Engineering Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000Vietnam

Wearable biosensors have received great interest as patient-friendly diagnostic technologies because of their high flexibility and *** growing research and utilization of novel materials in designing wearable biosensors have accelerated the development of point-of-care sensing platforms and implantable biomedical devices in human health *** numerous potential materials,conjugated polymers(cPs)are emerging as ideal choices for constructing high-performance wearable biosensors because of their outstanding conductive and mechanical ***,cPs have been extensively incorporated into various wearable biosensors to monitor a range of target ***,fabricating highly reliable cP-based wearable biosensors for practical applications remains a significant challenge,necessitating novel developmental strategies for enhancing the viability of such ***,this review aims to provide consolidated scientific evidence by summarizing and evaluating recent studies focused on designing and fabricating cP-based wearable biosensors,thereby facilitating future *** the superior properties and benefits of cPs,this review aims to clarify their potential applicability within this ***,the fundamentals and main components of cP-based wearable biosensors and their sensing mechanisms are discussed in *** recent advancements in cP nanostructures and hybridizations for improved sensing performance,along with recent innovations in next-generation wearable biosensors are *** wearable biosensors have been—and will continue to be—an ideal platform for developing effective and user-friendly diagnostic technologies for human health monitoring.

关键词： conjugated polymers Wearable biosensors E-skin electronics Implantable biosensors conductive polymer hydrogels