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Influence of Tropical cyclones on Hong Kong Air Quality

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第9期35卷 1177-1188页

作者： Eric c.H.cHOW Richard c.y.li Wen ZHOU city University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen)Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Guy carpenter Asia-Pacific climate Impact center School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Tropical cyclones（Tcs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of Tcs on air quality in Hong Kong during the Tc active season（July–October） from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm（PM（10）） above the 90th percentile are related to Tc activity. Tcs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of Hong Kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When Tcs are located east of Hong Kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM（10）/ozone（O3） levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When Tcs are located southeast of Hong Kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When Tcs are south or west of Hong Kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM（10）/O3 levels, and the air quality in Hong Kong is generally good or normal due to Tc-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O3 days when Tcs are present between Hong Kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of china under Tc circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of Tc position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in Hong Kong.

关键词： PM10 03 air quality HK Tc

EFFEcT OF cHEMIcAL cOMPOSITION AND PROcESSES ON THE TEXTURE OF HOT-ROLLED DEEP DRAWING STEEL SHEET

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2002年第3期15卷 324-330页

作者： y.chen X.chen c.y.li X.y.li y.L.Kang Technical center of Wuhan Iron and Steel Group co. Wuhan 430080China Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430080China central General Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081China University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China

A hot-rolled deep drawing(HDD)steel with high r-value and uniformdistribution of{111}texture in thickness was developed by hot rolling in ferrite region withlubricating between the roller and the *** experimental results show that the carbon contentand finish rolling temperature have significant effects on beneficial texture{111},and lubricatingduring hot rolling at low temperature in alpha-region makes the distribution of the *** basic requirements needed to meet for HDD steel were concluded by comparing differentcarbon contents and hot rolling processes.

关键词： ultra low carbon hot rolling in alpha-region lubricating r-value {111}texture

SySTEMATIc cALcULATIONS OF ENERGy LEVELS ANDRADIATIVE RATES OF c-liKE IONS WITH Z=13-36 USING AN cOMBINED cONFIGURATION INTERAcTION AND MANy-BODy PERTURBATION THEORy APPROAcH

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SYSTEMATIC CALCULATIONS OF ENERGY LEVELS ANDRADIATIVE RATES ...

The design and performance of charged particle detector onboard the GEcAM mission

第五届全国计算原子与分子物理学术会议

作者： J.yan K.Wang D.F.li H.T.liu X.y.Han B.Duan c.y.li J.G.li Institute of Applied Physics and computational Mathematics

In the present work,we report the energy levels,and electric dipole,magnetic dipole,electric quadrupole and magnetic quadrupole transition properties for 46 levels of the 2s2p,2s2p,2p,2s2p3s,2s2p3p,and 2s2p3d configurations in the c-like ions with 13≤Z≤36,in an effort to provide a complete,self-consistent and accurate *** employ a combined relativistic

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 53-62页

作者： y.B.Xu X.Q.li X.L.Sun S.yang H.Wang W.X.Peng X.H.liang K.Gong y.Q.liu D.y.Guo X.y.Zhao c.y.li Z.H.An J.J.He X.J.liu X.y.Wen S.L.Xiong Fan Zhang D.L.Zhang c.y.Zhang c.cai Z.chang G.chen c.chen y.y.Du M.Gao R.Gao D.J.Hou y.G.li G.li L.li X.F.li M.S.li F.J.Lu H.Lu B.Meng F.Shi J.Z.Wang y.S.Wang H.Z.Wang X.Wen S.Xiao y.P.Xu J.W.yang Q.B.yi S.N.Zhang c.M.Zhang F.Zhang y.Zhao X.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Background The Gravitational wave highly energetic Electromagnetic counterpart All-sky Monitor(GEcAM)is dedicated to detecting gravitational wave gamma-ray *** is capable of all-sky monitoring over and discovering gamma-ray bursts and new radiation *** consists of two microsatellites,each equipped with 8 charged particle detectors(cPDs)and 25 gamma-ray detectors(GRDs).Purpose The cPD is used to measure charged particles in the space environment,monitor energy and flow intensity changes,and identify between gamma-ray bursts and space charged particle events in conjunction with *** cPD uses plastic scintillator as the sensitive material for detection,silicon photomultiplier array as the optically readable device,and the inlaid Am-241 radioactive source as the onboard calibration *** In this paper,we will present the working principle,physical design,functional implementation and preliminary performance test results of the *** a result,the energy range of electron,gamma-ray detection efficiency and dead time are tested to be better than the indexes required through the ground calibration experiment.

关键词： GEcAM cPD SiPM

The data acquisition algorithm designed for the SiPM-based detectors of GEcAM satellite

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 70-77页

作者： y.Q.liu K.Gong X.Q.li X.y.Wen Z.H.An c.cai Z.chang G.chen c.chen y.y.Du M.Gao R.Gao D.y.Guo J.J.He D.J.Hou y.G.li c.y.li G.li L.li X.F.li M.S.li X.H.liang X.J.liu F.J.Lu H.Lu B.Meng W.X.Peng F.Shi X.L.Sun H.Wang J.Z.Wang y.S.Wang H.Z.Wang X.Wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong y.B.Xu y.P.Xu S.yang J.W.yang Q.B.yi Fan Zhang D.L.Zhang S.N.Zhang c.y.Zhang c.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.y.Zhao y.Zhao X.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Physics and Space Science college China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China

Background The Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic counterpart All-sky Monitor(GEcAM)consists of 2 microsatellites,each of which contains 25 GRD(LaBr3)detectors and 8 cPD(plastic scintillator)*** silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)array is used to read each *** output signal of these detectors with SiPM array is very special and challenging to *** this study,a novel data acquisition(DAQ)algorithm for these detectors is designed and implemented,and the content of the output event packet is *** and conclusion The performances,including the event acquisition efficiency of this DAQ algorithm,are extensively verified through experimental *** the on-ground and in-flight tests,this algorithm has excellent performance despite the very limited resources and short development time of GEcAM mission.

关键词： Silicon photomultiplier Digital waveform processing Data acquisition

Quality assurance test and failure analysis of SiPM arrays of GEcAM satellites

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 35-42页

作者： D.L.Zhang M.Gao X.L.Sun X.Q.li Z.H.An X.y.Wen c.cai Z.chang G.chen c.chen y.y.Du R.Gao K.Gong D.y.Guo J.J.He D.J.Hou y.G.li c.y.li G.li L.li X.F.li M.S.li X.H.liang X.J.liu y.Q.liu F.J.Lu H.Lu B.Meng W.X.Peng F.Shi H.Wang J.Z.Wang y.S.Wang H.Z.Wang X.Wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong y.B.Xu y.P.Xu S.yang J.W.yang Fan.Zhang S.N.Zhang c.y.Zhang c.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.y.Zhao X.Zhou Institute of High Energy Physics CASBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Background The Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic counterpart All-sky Monitor(GEcAM)satellite developed a SiPM-based gamma-ray detector to monitor the gravitational wave-related GRBs and guide subsequent observations in other wavelengths of *** As all the available SiPM devices belong to commercial grade,quality assurance tests need to be performed in accordance with the aerospace *** In the SiPM application of GEcAM,quality assurance experiments were *** mechanism of the failure of SiPM devices was analyzed during the development *** Based on the quality assurance test results,the fnal pass rate of SiPM array was 95%.Based on the failure analysis,it was found that a piece of SiPM had a leakage channel after longtime operation due to device *** According to the accumulated experience,in the reliability test of SiPM,it is necessary to pay special attention to test the impedance of each pin of SiPM to ground and confrm that the power switch state of SiPM is controllable.

关键词： Gravitational waves Gamma-ray detectors Silicon photomultipliers Quality assurance test Failure analysis

Dedicated SiPM array for GRD of GEcAM

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 63-69页

作者： D.L.Zhang X.L.Sun Z.H.An X.Q.li X.y.Wen K.Gong c.cai Z.chang G.chen c.chen y.y.Du M.Gao R.Gao D.y.Guo J.J.He D.J.Hou y.G.li c.y.li G.li L.li X.F.li M.S.li X.H.liang X.J.liu y.Q.liu F.J.Lu H.Lu B.Meng W.X.Peng F.Shi H.Wang J.Z.Wang y.S.Wang H.Z.Wang X.Wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong y.B.Xu y.P.Xu S.yang1 X.Zhou J.W.yang Fan Zhang S.N.Zhang c.y.Zhang c.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.y.Zhao Institute of High Energy Physics CASBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Beijing 100049China

Purpose The discovery of gravitational waves and gamma-ray bursts heralds the era of multi-messenger *** the adoption of two small satellites to achieve the all-sky monitoring of gamma-ray bursts,the gravitational wave highenergy electromagnetic counterpart all-sky monitor(GEcAM)possesses a quasi-real-time early warning ability and plays an important role in positioning the sources of gravitational waves and in subsequent *** satellite of GEcAM was fitted with 253-inch-diameter gamma-ray detectors(GRD),covering an energy range of 8–2 *** have adopted silicon photomultiplier tubes(SiPM)in lieu of photomultiplier tubes(PMT)to adapt to the dimensional limitations of *** A unique 3-inch circular SiPM array was *** this design,646×6 mm chips were arranged evenly in a circular manner with the seams filled with reflecting films,thus achieving satisfactory uniformity of light *** integrated pre-amplifier circuit on the back of the SiPM array adopted two-level grouping and summing;further,it achieved a satisfactory signal-to-noise *** high-gain and low-gain channels were adopted to achieve a large dynamic range,and two independent power supply units were used,where each unit can be closed separately,thus improving *** Performance studies show that this SiPM array meets the requirements of *** A 3-inch SiPM array have been developed that uses grouped summation,reflective films,a circular arrangement,two groups of independent power supplies,high-and low-gain signals,differential signal output technologies,*** solution can be used not only for GEcAM,but also as a general solution for SiPM-based scintillation detectors.

关键词： SiPM GEcAM Gamma-ray Signal-to-noise ratio Reflecting film Pre-amplifier

The design and performance of GRD onboard the GEcAM satellite

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 43-52页

作者： Z.H.An X.L.Sun D.L.Zhang S.yang X.Q.li X.y.Wen K.Gong X.H.liang X.J.liu y.Q.liu y.G.li S.L.Xiong y.B.Xu Fan Zhang X.y.Zhao c.cai Z.chang G.chen c.chen y.y.Du P.y.Feng M.Gao R.Gao D.y.Guo J.J.He D.J.Hou c.y.li G.li L.li X.F.li M.S.li F.J.Lu H.Lu B.Meng W.X.Peng F.Shi H.Wang J.Z.Wang y.S.Wang H.Z.Wang X.Wen S.Xiao y.P.Xu J.W.yang Q.B.yi S.N.Zhang c.y.Zhang c.M.Zhang Fei Zhang y.Zhao X.Zhou cAS Institute of High Energy PhysicsBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Beijing 100049China 3 Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China 4 Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 110875China Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105China Beijing Normal University Beijing 110875China

Background Each GEcAM satellite payload contains 25 gamma-ray detectors(GRDs),which can detect gamma-rays and particles and can roughly localize the Gamma-Ray Bursts(GRBs).GRD was designed using lanthanum bromide(LaBr3)crystal as the sensitive material with the rear end coupled with silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)array for *** In aerospace engineering design of GRD,there are many key points to be *** this paper,we present the specific design scheme of GRD,the assembly and the performance test results of *** Based on Monte carlo simulation and experimental test results,the specific schematic design and assembling process of GRD were *** being fully assembled,the GRDs were conducted performance tests by using radioactive source and also conducted random vibration *** and conclusion The test results show that all satellite-borne GRDs have energy resolutionlite in scientific *** random vibration test shows that GRD can maintain in a stable performance,which meets the requirement of spatial application.

关键词： Lanthanum bromide scintillator SiPM array GEcAM Gamma-ray detector Energy resolution

The technology for detection of gamma-ray burst with GEcAM satellite

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 12-25页

作者： X.Q.li X.y.Wen Z.H.An c.cai Z.chang G.chen c.chen y.y.Du M.Gao R.Gao K.Gong D.y.Guo J.J.He D.J.Hou y.G.li c.y.li G.li L.li X.F.li M.S.li X.H.liang X.J.liu y.Q.liu F.J.Lu H.Lu B.Meng W.X.Peng F.Shi X.L.Sun H.Wang J.Z.Wang y.S.Wang H.Z.Wang X.Wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong y.B.Xu y.P.Xu S.yang J.W.yang Q.B.yi D.L.Zhang Fan Zhang S.N.Zhang c.y.Zhang c.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.y.Zhao y.Zhao X.Zhou c.S.Zhang J.P.yu L.chang K.K.Zhang J.Huang y.M.chen X.B.Han Institute of High Energy Physics CASBeijing 100049China Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105China Beijing Normal University Beijing 110875China Beijing Glass Research Institute Beijing 101100China Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of cAS Shanghai 201204China

Introduction The main physical objective of the GEcAM satellite is to detect gamma-ray bursts,which is related to gravitational waves of double compact object *** GEcAM satellite also detects and investigates various bursts of high-energy celestial *** and methods In this study,we designed,developed and calibrated the payload and launched it into orbit with GEcAM *** payload consists of the gamma ray detector(GRD,for detecting 4 keV–4 MeV X/γray),the charged particle detector(cPD,for detecting 150 keV–5 MeV charged particle),and the electronic box(EBOX).The all-sky field coverage is achieved via two 229-degree large-area satellites positioned 180 degrees apart and are on opposite sides of the *** satellite is equipped with 25 GRDs and 8 cPDs;thus,the satellite can identify charged particle bursts in ***-ray detectors adopt lanthanum bromide crystal technology combined with silicon *** is the first time that this technology was used massively in space *** The GEcAM satellite can quickly determine the direction of gamma-ray bursts(positioning)via indexing and fitting method,while the transmit variability,energy spectrum and direction of the gamma-ray bursts guide subsequent observations through the Beidou-3 RDSS in quasi-real *** will play an important role in the study of high energy celestial bursts.

关键词： GEcAM Gamma-ray burst Lanthanum bromide crystal Silicon photomultiplier Beidou short message