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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary c.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin w.Z.Loh Tuck wah Soong Jason K.w.Lee Ivan c.c.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(cREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).with the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

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Effects of dust controls on respirable coal mine dust composition and particle sizes:case studies on auxiliary scrubbers and canopy air curtain

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International Journal of coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 86-101页

作者： F.Animah c.Keles w.R.Reed E.Sarver Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute&State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) PittsburghPAUSA

control of dust in underground coal mines is critical for mitigating both safety and health *** decades,the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)has led research to evaluate the effectiveness of various dust control technologies in coal *** studies have included the evaluation of auxiliary scrubbers to reduce respirable dust downstream of active mining and the use of canopy air curtains(cAcs)to reduce respirable dust in key operator *** detailed dust characterization was not a focus of such studies,this is a growing area of *** preserved filter samples from three previous NIOSH studies,the current work aims to explore the effect of two different scrubbers(one wet and one dry)and a roof bolter cAc on respirable dust composition and particle size *** this,the preserved filter samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and/or scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive *** indicate that dust composition was not appreciably affected by either scrubber or the ***,the wet scrubber and cAc appeared to decrease the overall particle size *** an effect of the dry scrubber was not consistently observed,but this is probably related to the particular sampling location downstream of the scrubber which allowed for significant mixing of the scrubber exhaust and other return *** from the insights gained with respect to the three specific dust control case studies revisited here,this work demonstrates the value of preserved dust samples for follow-up investigation more broadly.

关键词： Respirable dust Dust control SEM–EDX Scrubber canopy air curtain Silica

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Music alters heart rate and psychological responses but not muscle activation during light-intensity isometric exercise

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 394-401页

作者： Andrew R.Moore Jasmin c.Hutchinson christa winter paul c.Dalton Lori A.Bolgla Vincent J.paolone Department of Kinesiology Augusta University112015th St.AugustaGA30912USA Department of Exercise Science&Athletic Training Springfield College263 Alden St.SpringfieldMA01109USA Department of Psychology Springfield College263 Alden St.SpringfieldMA01109USA Heart&Vascular Institute Penn State College of MedicinePenn State University500 HMC Crescent RoadNorth Lobby HersheyPA17033USA Department of Physical Therapy Augusta University112015th St.AugustaGA30912USA

Listening to music manipulates attention to be more externally focused,which has the potential to improve muscular *** study aimed to determine the effect of listening to music on muscle activation during an isometric exercise task,and compare this effect to those of other attentional focus *** healthy subjects(n=35;16 men/19 women)completed an isometric elbow flexion task for 1 min in three randomized and counterbalanced conditions:internal focus(INT),external focus with a simple distraction task(EXT),or listening to music(MUS).Muscle activation of the biceps and triceps brachii and heart rate(HR)were recorded throughout the exercise *** of perceived exertion(RPE),affective valence,and motivation were measured at the end of each *** was no difference in muscle activation measures among the three *** during MUS was lower than EXT at 15 s([89.4±11.8]beats/min vs.[93.1±12.9]beats/min;p=0.018)and 30 s([90.6±12.4]beats/min vs.[94.2±12.5]beats/min;p=0.026),and lower than INT at 60 s([93.3±13.3]beats/min vs.[96.7±12.0]beats/min;p=0.016).Overall RPE was higher for INT(13.4±2.2)than for MUS([12.6±2.0];p=0.020)and EXT([11.94±2.22];pctive valence was higher for MUS than for INT([2.7±1.4]vs.[2.1±1.5];p=0.011).Manipulating attentional focus did not alter muscle activation for a light-intensity isometric muscular endurance task,though MUS was reported as more positive and requiring less exertion to complete than *** music can therefore be recommended during light-intensity isometric exercise based on the psychological benefits observed.

关键词： Electromyography Attentional focus Rating of perceived exertion Elbow flexion

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Myxomycete colonization on translocated and non-translocated dead leaves from temperate and tropical forests

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 462-470页

作者： Rojas c Stephenson SL Rojas pa Finca Experimental Interdisciplinaria de Modelos Agroecológicos University of Costa RicaTurrialba30502-Costa Rica Engineering Research Institute University of Costa RicaSan Pedro de Montes de Oca11501-Costa Rica Department of Biological Sciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

Samples of dead leaves on the forest floor were collected from a locality in central costa Rica and another locality in northwest Arkansas in the United States and then were placed in fine-mesh nylon bags,autoclaved and left out in the field for four *** of the bags prepared with sterile material from each country were placed out in the country where they were collected,and the other half were placed in the other country.A characterization of forest structure and ground leaf chemistry was carried out for both localities and both leaf *** recollected,all samples were processed for myxomycetes with the use of the moist chamber culture *** cultures yielded a total of 156 records of myxomycetes representing 16 species,but only 13 records and six species were isolated from the samples left out in costa *** hundred percent of cultures placed out in Arkansas produced myxomycetes,whereas only 68%of those placed out in costa Rica were positive for these *** in species richness and number of records were observed across forests where the samples were placed out,and no differences were observed based on the origin of the *** suggested that myxomycete colonization in the studied areas is primarily affected by the dynamics of the forest type and secondarily by substrate *** myxomycete species recorded on leaves with poorer chemical values are also consistent with field *** the present study,the more open character of the temperate forest in Arkansas without a film of water layer covering the leaves on the ground seemed to have played a role in the establishment of myxomycete propagules in the sterile material during the time of the investigation.

关键词： Arkansas costa Rica myxogastrids Pea Ridge slime molds Turrialba

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High-Sensitivity Magnetization Measurements

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2000年第2期16卷 97-101页

作者： c.D. Graham (Dept. of Materials Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, pa 19104, USA) Dept. of Materials Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 United States

The three most common instruments for high-sensitivity magnetization measurements (the vibrating-sampie magnetometer, the alternating gradient magnetometer, and the SQUID magnetometer) are described and their limiting sensitivities are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each are described. Magnetometers using micro-machined force detectors are briefly mentioned.

关键词： VSM High-Sensitivity Magnetization Measurements

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妊娠期高血压后遵循医师优化的自我管理长期血压控制:医生优化产后高血压治疗(POP-HT)随机临床试验

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中华高血压杂志（中英文） 2024年第2期32卷 179-179页

作者：袁源(译) 郑武洪(审校) 不详

妊娠期高血压可致不良心脏重构,晚年高血压和心血管疾病风险升高。本研究旨在探究设计一种实现更好血压控制的产后干预方案,能否比常规门诊护理在产后头9月期间获得更低的血压。设计、设置和参与者:在英国一家医院中设计随机、开放标签... 详细信息

妊娠期高血压可致不良心脏重构,晚年高血压和心血管疾病风险升高。本研究旨在探究设计一种实现更好血压控制的产后干预方案,能否比常规门诊护理在产后头9月期间获得更低的血压。设计、设置和参与者:在英国一家医院中设计随机、开放标签、盲法、终点试验。纳入年龄≥18岁,妊娠子痫前期或妊娠期高血压后,产后出院需要降压药治疗的女性为研究对象。

关键词：妊娠期高血压随机临床试验血压控制降压药治疗门诊护理心脏重构高血压治疗盲法

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Entropy generation minimization in the carreau nanofluid flow over a convectively heated inclined plate with quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction:A Stefan blowing application

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： B.Lavanya J.Girish Kumar M.Jayachandra Babu c.S.K.Raju Bander Almutairi Nehad Ali Shah Department of Mathematics Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Mathematics S.V.A Government CollegeSrikalahasti 517644India Department of Mathematics GITAM School of Science(GSS)GITAMBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea

Entropy analysis can help to identify the sources of entropy generation in a heat transfer process more accurately than other methods,such as energy efﬁciency *** is because entropy analysis takes into account the quality of energy as well as its ***-noﬂuids have already been shown to have superior heat transfer characteristics compared to conventionalﬂ*** blowing can further enhance the heat transfer capabilities of nano-ﬂuids by increasing the massﬂux and turbulence at the *** can be beneﬁcial in a wide range of applications,such as heat exchangers,electronic cooling,and solar energy *** convective boundary condition accounts for heat transfer effects,inﬂuencing temperature distribution and the thermal boundary *** on the direction of heat transfer,the convective boundary condition can induce cooling or heating effects on the inclined *** has practical implications for various engineering applications,such as the cooling of electronic devices or heating in industrial *** nanofluids have a wide range of potential applications in heat transfer,energy storage,drug delivery,and food *** research investigates how the presence of Stefan blowing affects the properties of carreau nanofluid flow across a convectively heated tilted *** and mass transport phenomena are studied using quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction *** mathematical model for this work is based on the Buongiorno *** governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the bvp4c *** parameters such as the mass transfer rate can be visualized using bar *** study’s primary findings are that when the weissenberg number increases,the velocity rises and the concentration profile declines due to Brownian *** is discovered that,when 0.5≤γ≤3(the inverse porosity parameter),the friction factor declines by 0.34001(

关键词： Thermal radiation BVP4c Stefan blowing Biot number Brownian motion Irreversibilit

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Antioxidant efficiency of lycopene on oxidative stress-induced damage in bovine spermatozoa

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 67-79页

作者： Eva Tvrdá Anton Kovácik Eva Tusimová Dusan paál Alica Mackovich Jakhongir Alimov Norbert Lukác Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra 94976 Slovakia AgroBioTech Research centre Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra 94976 Slovakia Department of Botany and Genetics Faculty of Natural Sciences Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Nabbrezie mladeze 91 Nitra 94974 Slovakia Department of General Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences Gulistan State University 4th Microrayon Guliston 120100 Syrdarya Uzbekistan.

Background： Lycopene（LYc） is a natural carotenoid with powerful reactive oxygen species（ROS） scavenging activities. The aim of this study was to investigate if lycopene has the ability to reverse ROS-mediated alterations to the motility, viability and intracellular antioxidant profile of bovine spermatozoa subjected to ferrous ascorbate（Fe AA）. Spermatozoa were washed out of fresh bovine semen, suspended in 2.9 % sodium citrate and subjected to LYc treatment（0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mmol/L） in the presence or absence of Fe AA（150 μmol/L Fe SO4 and 750 μmol/L ascorbic acid） during a 6 h in vitro culture. Spermatozoa motion characteristics were assessed using the Sperm Vision？computer-aided sperm analysis（cASA） system. cell viability was examined with the metabolic activity（MTT） assay,ROS generation was quantified via luminometry and the nitroblue-tetrazolium（NBT） test was applied to quantify the intracellular superoxide formation. cell lysates were prepared at the end of the in vitro culture to investigate the intracellular activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（cAT）, glutathione peroxidase（GPx） as well as the concentrations of glutathione（GSH） and malondialdehyde（MDA）.Results： FeA A treatment led to a reduced spermatozoa motility（P 〈 0.001）, viability（P 〈 0.001） and a decline of the antioxidant capacity of spermatozoa（P 〈 0.001） but increased the ROS generation（P 〈 0.001）, superoxide production（P 〈 0.001） and lipid peroxidation（P 〈 0.001）. LYc administration resulted in a preservation of the spermatozoa motion parameters（P 〈 0.001）, mitochondrial activity（P 〈 0.001） and antioxidant characteristics（P 〈 0.001 with respect to SOD;P 〈 0.01 in relation to cAT; P 〈 0.05 as for GPx and GSH） with a concentration range of 1 and 2 mmol/L LYc revealed to be the most ***： Our results suggest that LYc exhibits significant ROS-scavenging and antioxidant properties which may prevent spermatozoa alterations caused by oxidative stress, and preserve the functional

关键词： Antioxidants Bulls Ferrous ascorbate Lycopene Oxidative stress Spermatozoa

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The association of physical activity duration and intensity on emotional intelligence in 10-13 year-old children

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 331-337页

作者： Marie c.Gabour Tongjian You Richard Fleming paul D.McNicholas Philimon N.Gona Department of Health Sciences Regis College235 Wellesley StreetWestonMA02493USA Department of Exercise and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Boston100 Morrissey BlvdBostonMA02125USA Department of Mathematics&Statistics McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada L8S 4L8

Previous studies have shown that Physical Activity(pa)has a positive association with emotional health and intelligence in adolescents but none have focused on the relationship of pa duration and intensity on Emotional Intelligence(EI).The purpose of this study was to cross-sectionally assess the association of pa measures on overall EI and its domains in a cohort of 2029 adolescents aged 10-13 years of age in the National Longitudinal Survey for children and Youth(NLScY)from *** linear regression analysis of EI was adjusted for age,sex,annual household income,and health ***-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to relate pa duration measured in minutes,frequency,and intensity categories with continuous GEI scores and also the corresponding scores for domains of *** mean GEI scores were(28.3±6.6)for 0-30 minute(min)pa duration,(30.0±6.5)for 30 towas a statistically significant linear trend across pa duration categories,p?***-hoc pairwise comparison revealed that compared to the referent category(pa category)was statistically significantly lower GEI than each of the other two pa categories(30-59 min;and 60-120 min),both p-valuesworld Health Organization(wHO)guidelines for duration and vigorous intensity were positively associated with the higher overall EI and its domains except for Stress Management.

关键词： Physical activity Duration Intensity Emotional Intelligence Adolescents

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Pharmacokinetic characteristics of L-valyl-ara-c and its implication on the oral delivery of ara-c

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第2期28卷 268-272页

作者： Eun-pa cHEON Hyo-kyung HAN college of Pharmacy Chosun UniversityGwangju 501-759Korea

Aim:To evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of L-valyl-ara-c,apeptidomimetic prodrug of ***:After the synthesis of L-valyl-ara-c,the in vitro stability of L-valyl-ara-c.w.s examined in various biological *** pharmacokinetic profiles of ara-c and L-valyl-ara-c.w.re also evaluated ***:The degradation of L-valyl-ara-c.w.s negligible in fresh plasmaand also in the presence of plasmin over a 2 h incubation ***,L-valyl-ara-c appeared to be stable in the leukemia cell homogenates,andsubsequently,it was far less cytotoxic than the parent,ara-c in AML2 and *** chemical hydrolysis of L-valyl-ara-c.w.s rather accelerated in *** an oral administration of L-valyl-ara-c,the appearance of ara-cwas observed in plasma although the systemic exposure of the prodrug was muchhigher than that of *** bioavailability of ara-c.w.s about 4% via ***:The amide bond of L-valyl-ara-c.w.s stable againstthe enzymatic hydrolysis,and the utility of L-valyl-ara-c as an oral delivery sys-tem of ara-c appeared to be limited by its low metabolic conversion to ara-c in rats.

关键词： ara-c L-valyl-ara-c prodrug pharmacokinetics rats

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