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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary c.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin W.Z.Loh Tuck Wah Soong Jason K.W.Lee Ivan c.c.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(cREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

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Effects of dust controls on respirable coal mine dust composition and particle sizes:case studies on auxiliary scrubbers and canopy air curtain

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International Journal of coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 86-101页

作者： F.Animah c.Keles W.R.Reed E.Sarver Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute&State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) PittsburghPAUSA

control of dust in underground coal mines is critical for mitigating both safety and health *** decades,the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)has led research to evaluate the effectiveness of various dust control technologies in coal *** studies have included the evaluation of auxiliary scrubbers to reduce respirable dust downstream of active mining and the use of canopy air curtains(cAcs)to reduce respirable dust in key operator *** detailed dust characterization was not a focus of such studies,this is a growing area of *** preserved filter samples from three previous NIOSH studies,the current work aims to explore the effect of two different scrubbers(one wet and one dry)and a roof bolter cAc on respirable dust composition and particle size *** this,the preserved filter samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and/or scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive *** indicate that dust composition was not appreciably affected by either scrubber or the ***,the wet scrubber and cAc appeared to decrease the overall particle size *** an effect of the dry scrubber was not consistently observed,but this is probably related to the particular sampling location downstream of the scrubber which allowed for significant mixing of the scrubber exhaust and other return *** from the insights gained with respect to the three specific dust control case studies revisited here,this work demonstrates the value of preserved dust samples for follow-up investigation more broadly.

关键词： Respirable dust Dust control SEM–EDX Scrubber canopy air curtain Silica

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Myxomycete colonization on translocated and non-translocated dead leaves from temperate and tropical forests

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 462-470页

作者： Rojas c Stephenson SL Rojas pa Finca Experimental Interdisciplinaria de Modelos Agroecológicos University of Costa RicaTurrialba30502-Costa Rica Engineering Research Institute University of Costa RicaSan Pedro de Montes de Oca11501-Costa Rica Department of Biological Sciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

Samples of dead leaves on the forest floor were collected from a locality in central costa Rica and another locality in northwest Arkansas in the United States and then were placed in fine-mesh nylon bags,autoclaved and left out in the field for four *** of the bags prepared with sterile material from each country were placed out in the country where they were collected,and the other half were placed in the other country.A characterization of forest structure and ground leaf chemistry was carried out for both localities and both leaf *** recollected,all samples were processed for myxomycetes with the use of the moist chamber culture *** cultures yielded a total of 156 records of myxomycetes representing 16 species,but only 13 records and six species were isolated from the samples left out in costa *** hundred percent of cultures placed out in Arkansas produced myxomycetes,whereas only 68%of those placed out in costa Rica were positive for these *** in species richness and number of records were observed across forests where the samples were placed out,and no differences were observed based on the origin of the *** suggested that myxomycete colonization in the studied areas is primarily affected by the dynamics of the forest type and secondarily by substrate *** myxomycete species recorded on leaves with poorer chemical values are also consistent with field *** the present study,the more open character of the temperate forest in Arkansas without a film of water layer covering the leaves on the ground seemed to have played a role in the establishment of myxomycete propagules in the sterile material during the time of the investigation.

关键词： Arkansas costa Rica myxogastrids Pea Ridge slime molds Turrialba

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High-Sensitivity Magnetization Measurements

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2000年第2期16卷 97-101页

作者： c.D. Graham (Dept. of Materials Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, pa 19104, USA) Dept. of Materials Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 United States

The three most common instruments for high-sensitivity magnetization measurements (the vibrating-sampie magnetometer, the alternating gradient magnetometer, and the SQUID magnetometer) are described and their limiting sensitivities are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each are described. Magnetometers using micro-machined force detectors are briefly mentioned.

关键词： VSM High-Sensitivity Magnetization Measurements

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Antioxidant efficiency of lycopene on oxidative stress-induced damage in bovine spermatozoa

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 67-79页

作者： Eva Tvrdá Anton Kovácik Eva Tusimová Dusan paál Alica Mackovich Jakhongir Alimov Norbert Lukác Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra 94976 Slovakia AgroBioTech Research centre Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra 94976 Slovakia Department of Botany and Genetics Faculty of Natural Sciences Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Nabbrezie mladeze 91 Nitra 94974 Slovakia Department of General Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences Gulistan State University 4th Microrayon Guliston 120100 Syrdarya Uzbekistan.

Background： Lycopene（LYc） is a natural carotenoid with powerful reactive oxygen species（ROS） scavenging activities. The aim of this study was to investigate if lycopene has the ability to reverse ROS-mediated alterations to the motility, viability and intracellular antioxidant profile of bovine spermatozoa subjected to ferrous ascorbate（Fe AA）. Spermatozoa were washed out of fresh bovine semen, suspended in 2.9 % sodium citrate and subjected to LYc treatment（0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mmol/L） in the presence or absence of Fe AA（150 μmol/L Fe SO4 and 750 μmol/L ascorbic acid） during a 6 h in vitro culture. Spermatozoa motion characteristics were assessed using the Sperm Vision？computer-aided sperm analysis（cASA） system. cell viability was examined with the metabolic activity（MTT） assay,ROS generation was quantified via luminometry and the nitroblue-tetrazolium（NBT） test was applied to quantify the intracellular superoxide formation. cell lysates were prepared at the end of the in vitro culture to investigate the intracellular activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（cAT）, glutathione peroxidase（GPx） as well as the concentrations of glutathione（GSH） and malondialdehyde（MDA）.Results： FeA A treatment led to a reduced spermatozoa motility（P 〈 0.001）, viability（P 〈 0.001） and a decline of the antioxidant capacity of spermatozoa（P 〈 0.001） but increased the ROS generation（P 〈 0.001）, superoxide production（P 〈 0.001） and lipid peroxidation（P 〈 0.001）. LYc administration resulted in a preservation of the spermatozoa motion parameters（P 〈 0.001）, mitochondrial activity（P 〈 0.001） and antioxidant characteristics（P 〈 0.001 with respect to SOD;P 〈 0.01 in relation to cAT; P 〈 0.05 as for GPx and GSH） with a concentration range of 1 and 2 mmol/L LYc revealed to be the most ***： Our results suggest that LYc exhibits significant ROS-scavenging and antioxidant properties which may prevent spermatozoa alterations caused by oxidative stress, and preserve the functional

关键词： Antioxidants Bulls Ferrous ascorbate Lycopene Oxidative stress Spermatozoa

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A brief history of the compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen D.Herrmann David R.Jacobs Jr. Melicia c.Whitt-Glover catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China college of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA college of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The compendium of Physical Activities(compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(pa)intensity values used in pa epidemiology research of the association between pa and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of pa on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(cHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

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Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of the methanol root bark extracts of Annona senegalensis

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第1期3卷 25-28页

作者： Okoye Tc Akah pa Omeke cP Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the potentials of the root bark of Annona（A.） senegalensis in the control of seizure and related hypnotic and motor incoordination effects in mice using experimental ***:The methanol extract（ME） of the root bark of *** was studied in mice using pentylenetetrazole（PTZ） induced convulsions,phenobarbitone induced sleeping time and motor coordination test on rota-rod *** toxicity and lethality（LD50） lest as well as phytochemical analysis were also carried ***:The extract（200,400,800 mg/ kg） exhibited a non- dose dependent significant（Pc and clonic phases of seizure induced by PTZ（60 mg/kg,s.c.） as well as offered a 100%protection （200 mg/kg） in mice from PTZ induced *** extract significantly（Pcreased the latency and increased the duration of phenobarbitone induced sleeping *** 200 mg/kg, the extract exhibited a significant（Pcute toxicity test revealed an oral LD50 of 1 2%mg/kg,while the phytochemical studies showed the presence of alkaloids, resins,glycosides,carbohydrate,reducing sugar,flavonoids,terpenoids,saponins and tannins. conclusion:The extract of A senegalensis possessed anticonvulsant activity with pronounced hypnotic and muscle relaxant effects.

关键词： Annona senegalensis Hypnosis Anticonvulsant Muscle relaxant

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RE-EXAMINATION OF THE DNA-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION IN GOLDFISH

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Science in china,Ser.B 1983年第7期26卷 700-707页

作者： LILLIAN c.NIU Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia pa. 19112 USA

DNAs were isolated from goldfish, and the balancer bearing species of newt. They were injected separately into fertilized goldfish eggs. A balancer developed in some newt-DNA injected *** injected goldfish eggs occasionally developed a non-balancer process. These results demonstrated the newt DNA-mediated transfer of the species character from newt to goldfish. The injected DNA was localized by the method of autoradiography using H3-cDNA. Silver grains were found in areas over the colchicine induced metaphase. The incorporation of foreign DNA into chromosomes provides a material basis for genetic transformation.

关键词： DNA RE-EXAMINATION OF THE DNA-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION IN GOLDFISH

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Incidence and histopathology of encysted progenetic metacercaria of clinostomum complanatum(Digenea:clinostomidae) in channa punctatus and its development in experimental host

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第6期2卷 421-426页

作者： pa Ahammed Shareef SMA Abidi Section of parasitology Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University

Objective:To study the incidence of encysted progenetic metacercariae of clinostomum complanatum(c. complanatum) in channa punctatus(c. punctatus), associated histopathology and the experimental infection to laboratory chicken to obtain ovigerous adult ***:Live c. punctatus were brought from local fish market of Aligarh, India, dissected and examined on a monthly basis for the presence of c. complanatumcysts. For histochemistry, infected tissue sections with attached cysts were processed for haematoxylene and eosin staining. cysts were aseptically fed to 4 day old leghorn chicken to obtain adult worms. Mechanically excysted metacercaria and the ovigerous adult worms were stained in carmine to prepare permanent ***:One year survey for the infection of encysted progenetic metacercaria of ***. punctatusrevealed the prevalence, intensity and abundance of 24.7%, 2.27and 0.608, respectively. Histopathology showed heavy infiltration of immune cells at the site of cyst attachment and some tissue damage was also evident. Following feeding to experimental chicken, about 41.07% of the encysted metacercariae were able to excyst and migrate back to bucco-pharyngeal region where they tenaciously attached and fed on blood, and transformed into ovigerous adult worms from 62 hours onwards of post ***:The parasite is potentially pathogenic to the host, and the availability of a suitable intermediate host can be a contributing factor for the occurrence of c. complanatummetacercaria either in the excysted or encysted form, indicating loose host specificity and zoonotic potential.

关键词： clinostomum complanatum Encysted progenetic metacercaria channa punctatus Histopathology Experimental infection Ovigerous adult worm Incidence Host-parasite interaction Metacercarial transformation

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SARS-coV-2 breakthrough infections following inactivated vaccine vaccination induce few neutralizing antibodies against the currently emerging Omicron XBB variants

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 173-176页

作者： Fan Shen chun Liang cui-Xian Yang Ying Lu An-Qi Li Ying Duan Mi Zhang c Ren-Rong Tian a Xing-Qi Dong Yong-Tang Zheng Wei pang Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the chinese Academy of Sciences KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital Kunming650399China Department of pathogen Biology and Immunology Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China

Dear Editor,cOVID-19 inactivated vaccines have been extensively administered ***,the majority of the chinese population has experiencedbreakthrough infections from SARS-coV-2 ancestral,Delta or Omicronvariants over the past three years,particularly during the wave of Omicron BA.5 and BA.7 variants at the end of 2022(Zhu et al.,2023).Subsequently,new Omicron variants,such as BQ.1,BQ.1.1,XBB,XBB.1/XBB.1.9,and XBB.1.5/XBB.1.9.1,are emerging in china(Yueetal.,2023;Zhu et al.,2023).Therefore,it is an urgentneed and a publichealth imperative to assess the extent of the immunoprotection established in this population.

关键词： breakthrough neutral Omi

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