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核试验说明了USArray台阵数据的质量

世界地震译丛 2008年第3期39卷 47-50页

作者： c.j.ammon T.Lay 吴琼中国地震台网中心

作为USArray台阵部分而部署的地震台站,是美国国家科学基金会资助的主要研究仪器设备“地球透镜”计划的一部分。当全部运行时,USArray台阵将包括400个宽带地震台站的可移动台阵(TA),这些台站将以有规则网格的场点排列部署,台站间距约为... 详细信息

作为USArray台阵部分而部署的地震台站,是美国国家科学基金会资助的主要研究仪器设备“地球透镜”计划的一部分。当全部运行时,USArray台阵将包括400个宽带地震台站的可移动台阵(TA),这些台站将以有规则网格的场点排列部署,台站间距约为70km。在今后的10年时间里,可移动台阵TA的布设区域将在美国境内迁移,最终在美国本土及阿拉斯加形成2000个记录场点。尽管USArray台阵的主要目的是记录探寻北美的构造、演化和地震活动性时所需要应用的地震信号,但可移动台阵TA布设后高质量的地震记录能力,就能够获得和分析用于诸如深地幔研究、地震破裂研究以及进行诸如地下核爆炸异常震源分析等其他目的的遥远小事件的资料。目前,可移动台阵TA正在美国西部进行初期的部署,2006年10月9日北朝鲜起爆地下核爆炸时已有约240个台站在运行(图1)。图1(左上图)事件及台站图的位置。(左下图)北朝鲜核试验及日本海深部事件的位置。(右图)得不到可移动台阵(TA)台站信号的位置(细线空心圆)、记录到低信噪比信号的台站(粗线空心圆)和具有北朝鲜核试验清晰P波到时的台站(实心圆)本文通过提取北朝鲜爆炸产生的高保真信号,说明可移动台阵TA对...

关键词：波形记录可移动地震台阵北朝鲜核试验高质量数据球透镜日本海地震台站

2009年萨摩亚—汤加特大地震触发的两次大震

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世界地震译丛 2011年第3期42卷 1-10页

作者： T.Lay c.j.ammon H.Kanamori L.Rivera K.D.Koper A.R.Hutko 李晶陕西省地震局

特大地震(≥8.0级的地震)一般都含有构造板块之间边界岩体的突然滑动。这种板间的破裂通常出现在俯冲带特大逆冲事件的海沟斜坡区,会产生动态及静态应力变化,从而激活周边的板内余震(christensen and Ruff,1988;Dmowskaetal,1988;Layeta... 详细信息

特大地震(≥8.0级的地震)一般都含有构造板块之间边界岩体的突然滑动。这种板间的破裂通常出现在俯冲带特大逆冲事件的海沟斜坡区,会产生动态及静态应力变化,从而激活周边的板内余震(christensen and Ruff,1988;Dmowskaetal,1988;Layetal,1989;ammonetal,2008)。本文研究的地震序列展示一少见的例子———特大海沟斜坡的一次板内地震触发了广泛的板间断层活动,颠倒了典型的活动模式,从而广泛地扩大了地震和海啸灾害。2009年9月29日,在汤加俯冲带北端的外海沟斜坡发生矩震级8.1的正断层地震事件,该震开始破裂后的2分钟内,发生了总地震矩等于矩震级8.0级的第二个特大地震,它由两次(矩震级均为7.8级)板间下插逆冲大地震组成,导致了周边俯冲带巨型逆断层的破裂。联合的断层作用引发了海啸,局部地区抬升约12m,导致萨摩亚、美属萨摩亚和汤加192人死亡。地震信号的重叠掩盖了这样的事实:相隔约50km的性质不同的断层发生了不同几何形状的破裂,这些被触发的逆冲断层滑动只有通过详细的地震波分析才能揭示出来。在汤加北部俯冲带的大部分区域内,激活了广泛的板间和板内余震活动。

关键词：地震触发构造板块大震特大地震断层活动海啸灾害地震事件断层滑动

2010年10月25日明打威海啸地震(M_W7.8)和浅层巨大逆冲断裂引起的海啸灾害

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世界地震译丛 2012年第3期43卷 8-21页

作者： T.Lay c.j.ammon H.Kanamori Y.Yamazaki K.F.cheung A.R.Hutko 王蕤(译) 吕春来(校) 不详北京市地震局

2010年10月25日印度尼西亚明打威地震(MW7.8),致使苏门答腊近海明打威群岛向海一侧的俯冲带浅部发生破裂,在巴盖群岛西南的沿海地带引发了3～9m高的海啸,并夺去了至少431人的生命。对有限断层震源破裂特征的远震P波、SH波及瑞雷波的分... 详细信息

2010年10月25日印度尼西亚明打威地震(MW7.8),致使苏门答腊近海明打威群岛向海一侧的俯冲带浅部发生破裂,在巴盖群岛西南的沿海地带引发了3～9m高的海啸,并夺去了至少431人的生命。对有限断层震源破裂特征的远震P波、SH波及瑞雷波的分析说明,在倾角为10°的巨大逆冲断层上破裂过程持续了大约90s,破裂速度相对较低,约为1.5km/s,在约为100km长的震源区总滑动量约为2～4m。根据地震矩所计算的能量释放为1.4×10-6,小于2006年7月17日爪哇海啸地震(MW7.8)的能量释放量2.4×10-6。明打威地震致使2007年9月12日群岛地震(MW7.9)的滑动区上倾部位发生破裂,结合沿岛弧锡默卢岛西北方向近海的1907年1月4日(M7.6)海啸地震,说明印度尼西亚和其他地方发生特大俯冲地震的上倾地区的浅层逆冲破裂,特别容易引发海啸灾害。

关键词：海啸地震海啸灾害逆冲断裂浅层破裂特征印度尼西亚能量释放量有限断层

consumer transparency in the production chain for plant varieties produced using new genomic techniques

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aBIOTEcH 2024年第2期5卷 239-246页

作者： j.M.Lukasiewicz c.c.M.van de Wiel L.A.P.Lotz M.j.M.Smulders Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 386NL-6700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

Plants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically Modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/Ec)in the European *** the proposal of the European commission,NGT plants are partially exempted from the regulations of this *** proposal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT plants:NGT-1 and ***-1 category plants are considered equal to plants obtained through conventional breeding *** plants will not be labelled for the consumer,although they will be labelled as ***-2 category plants may be labelled with additional information as a positive *** of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the products,would mean that most steps in the production chain are transparent,but not the last step towards ***“right to know”and increasing knowledge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food labelling towards ***,we describe current labelling regimes and registers and how these may be applied to provide transparency on gene-edited products to ***,we also look into consumer studies,which indicate a greater acceptance of gene-edited food among consumers,especially when additional benefits such as sustainability are mentioned.

关键词： Labelling New genomic techniques consumer transparency Plant products

Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： c.G.PAVITHRA B.j.GIREESHA M.L.KEERTHI Department of PG Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of Mathematics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

关键词： convection radiation moving longitudinal fin Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) trihybrid nanofluid magnetic field

Thermoluminescence characterization of natural and synthetic irradiated ce-monazites

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journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 643-650页

作者： V.correcher c.Boronat j.Garcia-Guinea j.F.Benavente T.Rivera-Montalvo cIEMAT Av.Complutense 4028040MadridSpain MNcN-cSIc J.Gutierrez Abascal 228006MadridSpain Instituto Politécnico Nacional CICATA-IPNAv.Legaria 694Mexico City11500Mexico

The thermoluminescence(TL)emission of synthetic and natural ce-monazites was characterized here to determine the potential application in the identification of microscopic defects from a qualitative point of view trying to link each TL peak to a chemical-physical *** kinetic parameters that lead the luminescence processes were calculated by means of variable heating rate and computing glow curve deconvolution methods and allow identifying three groups of components at~90,130 and 290℃(for the mineral sample)and~90,170,220,270 and 320℃(for the synthetic cePO_(4):Nd_(0.20),La_(0.25)).The main differences appreciated in these complex TL curves are mainly due to(i)the content of impurities(natural sample contains lanthanides as well as U 0.60%and Th 5.22%)and(ii)the degree of crystallinity of the samples which is directly related to the type of impurities(synthetic monazite relies only on Nd and La).The behavior of the dose response in the range of 1-8 Gy is similar for both samples;the TL intensity increases linearly as the dose increases without changes in the position of the maxima,denoting first-order kinetic luminescence *** peak could be mostly associated with structural defects(i.e.,phase transitions),chemical reactions(i.e.,ce3+?ce4+redox reaction,dehydration or dehydroxylation processes)or intrinsic defects(i.e.,Frenkel defects,ODcs or NBOHcs).

关键词： Thermoluminescence Kineticparameters Phosphate ce-monazite Defects Rare earths

Laser-induced graphene-coated wearable smart textile electrodes for biopotentials signal monitoring

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2024年第1期18卷 95-111页

作者： c.M.Vidhya Yogita Maithani Sakshi Kapoor j.P.Singh Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India

This paper describes how to produce a wearable dry electrode at a reasonable cost and how to use it for the monitoring of biopotentials in *** textiles in wearable technologies have made a great advancement in the health care management and living standards of *** was manufactured using the low-cost single-step process,laser ablation of polyimide,a commercial *** dispersions were made using solvent isopropyl alcohol which has low boiling point,nontoxicity,and environmental *** successive coating of the graphene dispersion on the cotton fabric to make it conductive,the sheet resistance of the resulting fabric dropped to 3% of its initial *** laser-induced graphene(LIG)cotton dry electrodes thus manufactured are comparable to Ag/Agcl wet electrodes in terms of the skin-to-electrode impedance,measuring between 78.0 and 7.2 kΩ for the frequency between 40 Hz and 1 *** LIG cotton electrode displayed a signal-to-noise ratio of 20.17 *** to its comfort,simplicity,and good performance over a longer period of time,the textile electrode appears suited for medical applications.

关键词： biopotential electrocardiogram electromyogram flexible electrode textile porous graphene

n-Alkane bound biomarker fingerprints from asphaltenes in the bitumens of Eastern Dahomey Basin,Nigeria:Source and genetic implications

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 85-91页

作者： Modupe A.Egbeola Olubunmi c.Adeigbe Olajide j.Adamolekun Department of Geology University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Structural Geology and Tectonics Institute of Applied GeosciencesKIT-Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyAdenauerring 20a76131KarlsruheGermany

The asphaltene fractions of the bitumens of Eastern Dahomey Basin in Nigeria,were analyzed by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography(Py-Gc)method in order to unravel its geochemical history and *** distributions of the initial biomarkers of the original oils from the pyrolysates are related to the assessment of organic matter source,paleo-redox conditions and source environment during ***,it effectively establishes the genetic relationship of the *** n-alkane distributions in the pyrolysates reveal nc_(9)-nc_(32)n-alkanes,maximizing at nc_(14),isoprenoids-pristane(Pr)and phytane(Ph),and some n-alkene *** peaks of low to medium-weight nc_(9)-nc20 n-alkanes and low peaks of nc_(21)+n-alkanes characterize the *** reveal that abundant algal organic matter with some terrigenous inputs contributed to the source rock of the *** high concentration of marine organic matter inputs to the source rock is further confirmed by the nc_(17)/nc27 ratios which range from 5.39 to 19.82 and shows the predominance of nc_(17)*** general unimodal n-alkane distributions in the bitumens indicate derivation from similar organic matter types showing that they are genetically *** anoxic to suboxic environmental conditions that prevailed during the deposition of the sediments is revealed by the isoprenoids,Pr/Ph ratios(0.72-1.28).Pristane/nc_(17)and Phytane/nc_(18)range from 0.16 to 0.33 and 0.22 to 0.56,revealing that the bitumens were from predominantly marine organic matter(type II kerogen)preserved in a reducing environment with no evidence of ***,the Ph/nc_(18)ratio and the cross plot of Pr+Ph/nc_(17)+nc_(18)allow the classification of the bitumens into two subfamilies/groups(A and B).The bitumen samples have low wax content as indicated by the degree of waxiness ranging from 0.21 to 0.38 which confirms low terrigenous *** on the carbon preference index(cPI:0.92 to 1.55)and odd-even predo

关键词： Genetic relationship Flash pyrolysis Biomarker Asphaltene Pyrolysates

Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 947-962页

作者： N.IQBAL j.cHOI S.F.SHAH c.LEE S.LEE Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline Ni-rich LiNixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x≥0.8)(NMc)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary NMc particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more ***,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress *** paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of NMc active particles mitigates stress levels.

关键词： lithium-ion battery(LIB) polycrystalline particle coating finite element simulation Ni-rich LiNixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(NMc)