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Functional gastrointestinal disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: Time for a paradigm shift?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第26期26卷 3712-3719页

作者： Dipesh h Vasant Alexander c Ford Gastroenterology Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustWythenshawe HospitalManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and GastroenterologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St.James’s University of LeedsLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom Leeds Gastroenterology Institute Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

Recent advances in biological therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on achieving the more stringent therapeutic goals of mucosal and histological healing,rather than clinical remission ***,the treatment of refractory“functional”gastrointestinal symptoms,often attributed as the aftermath of previous inflammation,has recently become more prominent in quiescent *** further expected advances in anti-inflammatory treatments on the horizon,the burden of such symptoms in quiescent disease,which have been relatively neglected,is set to become an even bigger *** this article,we highlight the current state of research and understanding in this field,including recent developments and clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms,such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional anorectal and pelvic floor disorders,in patients with quiescent *** disorders are not only highly prevalent in these patients,they are often misdiagnosed,and are difficult to treat,with very few evidence-based ***,they are associated with substantial impairment in quality-of-life,considerable morbidity,and psychological *** is therefore an urgent need for a change in emphasis towards earlier recognition,positive diagnosis,and targeted treatment for patients with ongoing functional gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of active *** article also highlights the need for further research to develop much needed evidence-based therapies.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Functional gastrointestinal disorders Faecal incontinence Pelvic floor dyssynergia

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Plasma density measurement and downstream etching of silicon and silicon oxide in Ar/NF3 mixture remote plasma source

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 52-57页

作者： h J YEOM D h chOI Y S LEE J h KIM D J SEONG S J YOU h c LEE Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea

In this study,plasma density measurements were performed near the plume region of the remote plasma source (RPS) in Ar/NF3 gas mixtures using a microwave cutoff *** measured plasma density is in the range of 1010-1011 cm-3 in the discharge conditions with RPS powers of 2-4 kW and gas pressures of 0.87-4 *** plasma density decreased with increasing gas pressures and RPS powers under various Ar/NF3 mixing *** decrease in the plasma density measured at the fixed measurement position (plume region) can be understood by the reduction of the electron energy relaxation length with increases in the gas pressures and mixing ratio of NF3/(Ar/NF3).We also performed downstream etching of silicon and silicon oxide films in this *** etch rate of the silicon films significantly increases while the silicon oxide is slightly etched with the gas pressures and *** was also found that the etch rate strongly depends on the wafer position on the processing chamber electrode,and that the etch selectivity reached 96-131 in the discharge conditions of RF powers (3730-4180 W) and gas pressures (3.6-4 Torr).

关键词： remote plasma source electron density cutoff probe downstream etch

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Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation for cerebral ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1129-1137页

作者： Ling-Yi Liao benson Wui-Man Lau Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidana Qiang Gao Department of Rehabilitation Medicine West China HospitalSichuan University Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

cerebral ischemic injury is the main manifestation of stroke,and its incidence in stroke patients is 70–80%.Although ischemic stroke can be treated with tissue-type plasminogen activator,its time window of effectiveness is ***,the incidence of paralysis,hypoesthesia,aphasia,dysphagia,and cognitive impairment caused by cerebral ischemia is *** tissue regeneration can promote the recovery of the aforementioned *** stem cells can participate in the reconstruction of the damaged nervous system and promote the recovery of nervous function during self-repair of damaged brain *** stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke has been a hot topic for more than 10 *** review discusses the treatment of ischemic stroke with neural stem cells,as well as the mechanisms of their involvement in stroke treatment.

关键词： nerve regeneration stem cell therapy neural stem cells cell transplantation ischemic stroke cerebral ischemia neuroplasticity functional recovery neural regeneration

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Intraseasonal Variation of Visibility in hong Kong

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第1期34卷 26-38页

作者： Wen ZhOU Richard c.Y.LI Eric c.h.chOW Guy carpenter Asia-Pacific climate Impact center School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina city University of hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen518057China

Visibility is one of the parameters for indicating air pollution. In this study, visibility variation in hong Kong during summer and winter is investigated. Visibility in hong Kong has clear intraseasonai variation. Examination of different environmental parameters suggests that the intraseasonal component dominates the overall circulation anomalies in both summer and winter. Associated with the intraseasonal variation of environmental parameters, obvious variation in visibility impair- ment is found in both summer and winter. In summer, local visibility and air quality are found to be significantly affected by the （MJO） and the 10-30-day intraseasonal oscillation （ISO） through modulation of associated atmospheric circulations. In winter, the modulation effects appear to be weaker due to the southward shift of the associated convection. The results in this study highlight the importance of the ISO in contributing to the overall variation in visibility in hong Kong, and provide useful implications for the development of possible mitigation strategies associated with visibility impairment and air pollution in hong Kong.

关键词： visibility intraseasonal oscillation air quality hong Kong

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Influence of Tropical cyclones on hong Kong Air Quality

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第9期35卷 1177-1188页

作者： Eric c.h.chOW Richard c.Y.LI Wen ZhOU city University of hong Kong(Shenzhen)Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Guy carpenter Asia-Pacific climate Impact center School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Tropical cyclones（Tcs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of Tcs on air quality in hong Kong during the Tc active season（July–October） from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm（PM（10）） above the 90th percentile are related to Tc activity. Tcs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of hong Kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When Tcs are located east of hong Kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM（10）/ozone（O3） levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When Tcs are located southeast of hong Kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When Tcs are south or west of hong Kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM（10）/O3 levels, and the air quality in hong Kong is generally good or normal due to Tc-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O3 days when Tcs are present between hong Kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of china under Tc circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of Tc position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in hong Kong.

关键词： PM10 03 air quality hK Tc

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AN ADAPTIVE EFG-FE cOUPLING METhOD FOR ThE NUMERIcAL SIMULATION OF EXTRUSION PROcESSES

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2008年第5期21卷 380-388页

作者： L.c. Liu X.h. Doug c.X. Li National Die ＆ Mold cAD Engineering Research center Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 China

An adaptive EFG-FE coupling method is proposed and developed for the numerical simulation of lateral extrusion and forward-backward extrusion. Initially, the simulation has been implemented by using a conventional FE model. During the deforming process, mesh quality is checked at every incremental step. Distorted elements are automatically converted to EFG nodes, whereas, the less distorted elements are reserved. A new algorithm to generate EFG nodes and interface elements is presented. This method is capable of dealing with large deformation and has higher computational efficiency than using an EFG method wholly. Numerical results demonstrate that the adaptive EFG-FE coupling method has reasonable accuracy and is effective for local bulk metal forming such as extrusion processes.

关键词： Meshless method coupling method Numerical simulation Extrusion process

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herbivory of sympatric elk and cattle on Lincoln National Forest,south-central New Mexico

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 314-326页

作者： heather h.halbritter Louis c.Bender Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources New Mexico State University

Background： Wildlife and livestock grazing are important products of forest ecosystems, but can be controversial. herbivory by North American elk and domestic cattle is a contentious management issue throughout western North America, often driving management proposals to decrease cattle and elk numbers based on perceived overutilization of forages. Such observations are often site level rather than landscape, and may confuse ecological sustainability with desired conditions. Methods： We used line transects to document vegetation composition, structure, and grazing and browsing utilization for 4 key habitat types： mountain meadows, aspen, thinned conifer, and burned conifer on Lincoln National Forest, New Mexico, USA. We documented relative habitat use of these types by elk, mule deer, and cattle and modeled relative use on residual grass biomass of mountain meadows and browse utilization of forested types. We determined diets and diet quality of elk and cattle to assess degree of competition. Results： Use of grasses in meadows was below management thresholds, and combined elk, cattle, and deer relative habitat use accounted for 〈 14 % of the variance in residual stubble height of Poa protensis, the most abundant grass. Palatable browse was limited in habitat types （〈 107 ***^-1）, use was generally high, and elk presence was correlated with the majority of browsing. Elk and cattle diets did not significantly overlap （Schoener＇s index 0.54-0.57）; elk fed primarily on deciduous shrubs （34 %-55 % of annual diets） and cattle on grass （72 %-77 %）. Digestibility and crude protein levels of cattle diets and body condition of elk indicated high quality diets for cattle and marginal-good quality diets for elk. conclusions： At observed stocking levels and densities, cattle and elk were not competing for forage based on diet similarity, nor were key habitat types being used beyond sustainable levels. Low browse availability indicates that opportunity exists to increase for

关键词： Browsing cattle carrying capacity Elk Grazing herbivory Nutrition

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STUDY ON cRYOGENIc PhASE chANGE & WEAR chARAcTERISTIc OF hIGh SPEED STEEL

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第6期16卷 524-530页

作者： M.c.huang c.h.Gao L.G.huang DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering FuzhouUniversityFuzhou350002China hefeiUniversityofTechnology Hefei230009China

The microscopic structure change rule in high speed steel (hSS) after an additional cryogenic treatment was studied in this paper. highly dispersed nano-carbide (η-Fe2 c) separated from tempering martensite was found distributed on twin planes of marten-site and dislocation places. Retained austenite was found sheared into martensite and nano-carbide separated at the same time. In addition, the tempering martensite was fine-grained. The stated changes of hSS evidently improve the lifespan of hSS cutter and fully show the advantages of nano-structure. The cryogenic treatment of hSS also improves the roughness of hSS cutter (decrease Ra number by about 50%) and greatly increases the wear resistance of hSS cutter. Further experiments on the wear characteristic of hSS cutter supported the findings mentioned above. The stated hSS treatment technology would implement nano-structure of traditional tool steel through phase change. It could be a new method to improve the performance of hSS cutter.

关键词： high speed steel cryogenic treatment phase change wear char-acteristic nano-structure

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Influences of residual stress and micro-deformation on microstructures and mechanical properties for Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第16期75卷 174-183页

作者： c.c.Zhang h.L.Wei T.T.Liu L.Y.Jiang T.Yang W.h.Liao National Joint Engineering Research center of Nc Forming Technology and Equipment School of Mechanical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)yields unique advantages during the fabrication of titanium *** the present work,Ti-6.5 Al-3.5 Mo-1.5 Zr-0.3 Si alloy specimens with excellent mechanical performances were fabricated by *** as-built specimens displayed relatively high strength and ductility under modest volume energy densities(VEDs),whereas they manifested high strength with low ductility under high *** investigate the key reason of this phenomenon,the specimens were designed with two VEDs ranges of 60 J/mm^(3) and 85 J/mm^(3).Special attention was paid to the influences of residual stress and micro-deformation on microstructures and mechanical properties for the first *** results indicated that the residual stresses and relative density of the 60 J/mm^(3) range specimens were higher than that of the 85 J/mm3 range *** multiplication and dislocation movement promoted by the residual stress were hindered by the initialα’phase grain boundary(prior-α’GB),leading to the formation ofα’metastable *** mean tensile strength and elongation of the 60 J/mm^(3) range specimens were 1248.1 MPa and 12.3%,respectively,whereas the corresponding values for the 85 J/mm^(3) range specimens were 1405.3 MPa,5.0%,*** deformation,the strength and ductility of the specimens were first improved by lamellar structures generated from prior-α’phases,and then effectively enhanced by the interaction between the{10–12}twins and ***,pores significantly reduced the ductility;hence,high VED specimens with large twins and numerous large pores increased the strength and reduce the ductility.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy Residual stress Twin Mechanical properties

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A numerical study on the influence of grain boundary oxides on dwell fatigue crack growth of a nickel-based superalloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第9期104卷 224-235页

作者： c.Z.Fang h.c.Basoalto M.J.Anderson h.Y.Li S.J.Williams P.Bowen Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldMappin StSheffield S13JDUK School of Metallurgy and Materials University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK Institute of Structural Materials Swansea UniversitySwansea SA18ENUK

A theoretical treatment on the oxide-controlled dwell fatigue crack growth of aγ'strengthened nickelbased superalloys is *** particular,this study investigates the influence of an externally applied load and variations in theγ'dispersion on the grain boundary oxide growth kinetics.A dislocation-based viscoplastic constitutive description for high temperature deformation is used to simulate the stress state evolution in the vicinity of a crack at elevated *** viscoplastic model explicitly accounts for multimodalγ'particle size distributions.A multicomponent mass transport formulation is used to simulate the formation/evolution of an oxide wedge ahead of the crack tip,where stress-assisted vacancy diffusion is assumed to *** resulting set of constitutive and mass transport equations have been implemented within a finite element *** of predicted compositional fields across the matrix/oxide interface are compared with experiments and shown to be in good *** indicate that the presence of a fineγ'size distribution has a strong influence on the predicted ow stress of the material and consequently on the relaxation in the vicinity of the crack-tip/oxide *** is shown that a unimodal dispersion leads to reduced oxide growth rates(parabolic behavior)when compared to a bimodal *** conditions for oxide formation are investigated and is associated with the prediction of compressive stresses within the oxide layer just ahead of the crack tip,which become progressively negative as the oxide wedge ***,mechanical equilibrium requirements induce tensile stresses at the tip of the oxide wedge,where failure of the oxide is *** time taken to reach this critical stress for oxide failure has been calculated,from which dwell crack growth rates are computationally *** predicted rates are shown to be in good agreement with available experimental data.

关键词： Nickel based superalloy Dwell crack growth Gamma prime creep Oxidation Dislocation-based modeling Multicomponent diffusion Finite element method

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