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Single-cell approaches to investigate B cells and antibodies in autoimmune neurological disorders

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 294-306页

作者： Alicia Zou Sudarshini ramanathan Russell c.Dale Fabienne Brilot Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience CentreKids Research at the Children’s Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNSWAustralia Discipline of child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Brain and Mind centre The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Medical Sciences Discipline of Applied Medical ScienceFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Autoimmune neurological disorders,including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis,anti-MOG antibody-associated disorders,and myasthenia gravis,are clearly defined by the presence of autoantibodies against neurological *** these autoantibodies have been heavily studied for their biological activities,given the heterogeneity of polyclonal patient samples,the characteristics of a single antibody cannot be definitively *** review details the findings of polyclonal serum and cSF studies and then explores the advances made by single-cell technologies to the field of antibody-mediated neurological ***-resolution single-cell methods have revealed abnormalities in the tolerance mechanisms of several disorders and provided further insight into the B cells responsible for autoantibody ***,several factors,including epitope specificity and binding affinity,finely regulate the pathogenic potential of an autoantibody,and a deeper appreciation of these factors may progress the development of targeted immunotherapies for *** options.

关键词： B cells Recombinant antibodies Autoimmunity central nervous system Neurological disorders Monoclonal Single cell Sequencing Pathogenicity Epitope Affinity B cell tolerance

channeling the water data deluge:a system for flexible integration and analysis of hydrologic data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第3期9卷 272-299页

作者： Michael P.McGuire Martin c.Roberge Jie Lian Department of computer and Information Sciences Towson UniversityTowsonMDUSA Department of Geography and Environmental Planning Towson UniversityTowsonMDUSA

The hydrologic cycle and understanding the relationship between rainfall and runoff is an important component of earth system science,sustainable development,and natural disasters caused by *** this in mind,the integration of digital earth data for hydrologic sciences is an important area of ***,it takes a tremendous amount of effort to perform hydrologic analysis at a large scale because the data to support such analyses are not available on a single system in an integrated format that can be easily ***,the state-of-the-art in hydrologic data integration typically uses a rigid relational database making it difficult to redesign the data model to incorporate new data *** Hydrocloud system incorporates a flexible document data model to integrate precipitation and stream flow data across spatial and temporal dimensions for large-scale hydrologic *** this paper,a document database schema is presented to store the integrated data-set along with analysis tools such as web services for data access and a web interface for exploratory data *** utility of the system is demonstrated based on a scientific workflow that uses the system for both exploratory data analysis and statistical hypothesis testing.

关键词： hydrology data integration cloud-based systems NoSQL NEXRAD precipitation stream flow

Thulium fiber laser lithotripsy:Is it living up to the hype?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第3期10卷 289-297页

作者： John Denstedt Fernanda c.Gabrigna Berto Division of Urology Department of SurgeryWestern UniversitySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondon Canada

Objective:The holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser(Ho:YAG)has been the gold standard for laser lithotripsy over the last three *** demonstrating good in vitro efficacy,the thulium fiber laser(TFL)has been recently released in the market and the initial clinical results are *** article aims to review the main technology differences between the Ho:YAG laser and the TFL,discuss the initial clinical results with the TFL as well as the optimal settings for TFL ***:We reviewed the literature focusing on the technological aspects of the Ho:YAG laser and TFL as well as the results of in vitro and in vivo studies comparing both ***:In vitro studies show a technical superiority of TFL compared to the Ho:YAG laser and encouraging results have been demonstrated in clinical ***,as TFL is a new technology,limited studies are currently available,and the optimal settings for lithotripsy are not yet ***:TFL has the potential to be an alternative to the Ho:YAG laser,but more reports are still needed to determine the optimal laser for lithotripsy of urinary tract stones when considering all parameters including effectiveness,safety,and costs.

关键词： Urolithiasis Thulium fiber laser Holmium:yttriumaluminium-garnet laser Laser lithotripsy

An Unusual, Fangless Short-tailed Snake(Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第2期4卷 140-146页

作者： John c.MURPHY Harold K.VORIS Science and Education Field Museum

Two genera of fangless homalopsid snakes Brachyorrhos and calamophis from eastern Indonesia have been described as basal members of the clade. A third genus belonging to this group from Sumatra, Indonesia is described here based upon morphology. Fangless homalopsid snakes share 19 dorsal scale rows at mid-body, fused dorsal scales above the cloaca, 5 to 7 upper labials, divided anal plate, divided subcaudals, 15-21 teeth on the dentary, frontal bone about 23% of skull length and other morphological characters that suggest they are related. All the three genera are known only from Indonesia. The new genus and species have a distinctive skull morphology with an absent premaxilla, a more depressed skull, and a larger eye than are present in Brachyorrhos.

关键词： Brachyorrhos calamophis Karnsophis basal homalopsids skull osteology

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Robotic distal pancreatectomy versus conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy： a comparative study for short-term outcomes

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第3期9卷 356-360页

作者： Eric c. H. Lai chung Ngai Tang Department of Surgery Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Chai Wan Hong Kong SAR China

Robotic system has been increasingly used in pancreatectomy. However, the effectiveness of this method remains uncertain. This study compared the surgical outcomes between robot-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. During a 15-year period, 35 patients underwent minimally invasive approach of distal pancreatectomy in our center. Seventeen of these patients had robot-assisted laparoscopic approach, and the remaining 18 had conventional laparoscopic approach. Their operative parameters and perioperative outcomes were analyzed retrospectively in a prospective database. The mean operating time in the robotic group （221.4 min） was significantly longer than that in the laparoscopic group （173.6 min）（P = 0.026）. Both robotic and conventional laparoscopic groups presented no significant difference in spleen-preservation rate （52.9% vs. 38.9%）（P = 0.505）, operative blood loss （100.3 ml vs. 268.3 ml）（P = 0.29）, overall morbidity rate （47.1% vs. 38.9%）（P = 0.73）, and post-operative hospital stay （11.4 days vs. 14.2 days）（P = 0.46）. Both groups also showed no perioperative mortality. Similar outcomes were observed in robotic distal pancreatectomy and conventional laparoscopic approach. However, robotic approach tended to have the advantages of less blood loss and shorter hospital stay. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical position of robotic distal pancreatectomy.

关键词： distal pancreatectomy pancreatic neoplasm robotic surgery

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Improving metal reflectors by suppressing surface plasmon polaritons: a priori calculation of the internal reflectance of a solar cell

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 32-37页

作者： Zachary c Holman Stefaan De Wolf christophe Ballif Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne(EPFL)Institute of Microengineering(IMT)Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics LaboratoryCH-2000 NeuchaˆtelSwitzerland

Imperfect internal reflectance of near-bandgap light reduces the performance of all solar cells,and becomes increasingly detrimental as absorbers become *** consider light incident on the silicon/dielectric/metal structure at the back of rear-passivated crystalline silicon solar cells with surface textures that are large enough for geometric *** calculating the absorbance in the metal as a function of the angle of incidence,we discover three results that are important for understanding and improving rear reflectors in many types of solar ***,significant parasitic absorption occurs in the metal layer in two cases:s-and p-polarized propagating modes(near-normal angles of incidence)when the dielectric thickness is adjusted to cause destructive interference of the reflected beams,and p-polarized evanescent modes(angles of incidence above the semiconductor/dielectric critical angle)that excite surface plasmon polaritons at the metal ***,the latter loss dominates;a well-designed rear dielectric passivation layer must suppress the penetration of evanescent waves to the ***,when used as an input in a simple analytical model,the average rear internal reflectance calculated by assuming a Lambertian angular distribution of light accurately predicts the total reflectance and absorbance of a solar cell.

关键词： light trapping photovoltaics plasmon silicon solar cell

Delayed assessment and eager adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy:Implications for developing surgical technologies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第33期16卷 4115-4122页

作者： Alexander c Allori I Michael Leitman Elizabeth Heitman Department of Surgery Beth Israel Medical Center center for Biomedical Ethics and Society Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Despite the prevailing emphasis in the medical literature on establishing evidence,many changes in the practice of surgery have not been achieved using proper evidence-based *** paper examines the adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(Lc)into regular use for the treatment of cholecystitis and the process of its acceptance,focusing on the limited role of technology assessment in its appraisal.A review of the published medical literature concerning Lc was *** 3000 studies of Lc have been conducted since 1985,and there have been nearly 8500 publications to *** Lc was adopted enthusiastically into practice,the results of outcome studies generally showed that it compared favorably with the traditional,open cholecystectomy with regard to mortality,complications,and length of hospital ***,despite the rapid general agreement on surgical technique,efficacy,and appropriateness,there remained lingering doubts about safety,outcomes,and cost of the procedure that suggested that essential research questions were ignored even as the procedure became *** Lc as a case study,there are important lessons to be learned about the need for important guidelines for surgical innovation and the adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques into current clinical and surgical *** highlight one recent example,natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and how necessary it is to properly evaluate this new technology before it is accepted as a safe and effective surgical option.

关键词： Laparoscopy Endoscopy Minimally invasive surgery cholecystectomy Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery Evidence-based medicine Technol- ogy assessment comparative effectiveness research

Hack's law of debris-flow basins

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第1期24卷 74-87页

作者： LEE c. F BEIGHLEY R. E Department of civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road 2. Director Soil Erosion Research Laboratory Department of civil Construction and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University

Hack’s law was originally derived from basin statistics for varied spatial scales and regions. The exponent value of the law has been shown to vary between 0.47 and 0.70,causing uncertainty in its application. This paper focuses on the emergence of Hack’s law from debris-flow basins in china. Over 5,000 debris-flow basins in different regions of china with drainage areas less than 100km2 are included in this study. Basins in the different regions are found to present similar distributions. Hack’s law is derived from maximum probability and conditional distributions,suggesting that the law should describe some critical state of basin evolution. Results suggest the exponent value is approximately 0.5. Further analysis indicates that Hack’s law is related to other scaling laws underlying the evolution of a basin and that the exponent is not dependent on basin shape but rather on the evolutionary stage. A case study of a well known debris-flow basin further confirms Hack’s law and its implications in basin evolution.

关键词： Debris-flow basins Hack’s law Scaling laws Basin evolution

Effects of music and video on perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 81-88页

作者： Enoch c.chow Jennifer L.Etnier Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA

Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control ***: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the ***: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.

关键词： Acute exercise Attentional focus Effort Perceived exertion

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