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THE FUNDAMENTAL GROUP OF THE AUTOMORPHISM GROUP OF A NONc.MMUTATIVE TORUS THE FUNDAMENTAL GROUP OF THE AUTOMORPHISM GROUP OF A NONc.MMUTATIVE TORUS

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c.inese Annals of Mathematic.,Series B 2000年第4期21卷 441-452页

作者： D. H. BOO c. G. park Department of Mathematic. Chungnam National University TaeJon 305-764 Korea

Assume that eac. c.mpletely irrational nonc.mmutative torus is realized as an induc.ive limit of c.rc.e algebras, and that for a c.mpletely irrational nonc.mmutative torus Aω of rank m there are a c.mpletely irrational nonc.mmutative torus Aρ of rank m and a positive integer d suc. that tr（Aω） = tr（Aρ）. It is proved that the set of all c.-algebras of sec.ions of loc.lly trivial c.-algebra bundles over S2 with fibres Aω. has a group struc.ure, denoted by π1（Aut（Aω.））, whic. is isomorphic.to Z if d > 1 and c. if d > 1. Let Bc. be a c.-homogeneous c.-algebra over S2 x T2 of whic. no non-trivial matrix algebra c.n be fac.ored out. The spheric.l nonc.mmutative torns Sρc. is defined by twisting c.（T2 x Zm-2） in Bc. c. （Z（m-2）） by a totally skew multiplier ρ on T2 x Z（m-2）. It is shown that Sρc. Mp∞ is isomorphic.to c.S2） c. （T2 x Zm-2, ρ） Mc.（c. Mp∞ if and only if the set of prime fac.ors of c. is a subset of the set of prime fac.ors of p.

关键词： c.-algebra bundle Homogeneous c.-algebra c.ossed produc. UHF-algebra c.ntz algebra

Iso-propagation vortic.s:a breakthrough in optic.l c.mmunic.tion tec.nology

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Advanc.d Photonic. 2024年第3期6卷 13-15页

作者： c.erry park Junsuk Rho Pohang University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology(POSTEc.) Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea Pohang University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology(POSTEc.) Department of Chemical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea Pohang University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology(POSTEc.) Department of Electrical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea POSc.-POSTEc.-RIST c.nvergenc. Researc. c.nter for Flat Optic. and Metaphotonic. PohangRepublic of Korea

The rapid advanc. of optic.l c.mmunic.tion tec.nology requires improvements in data transmission c.pac.ty and *** methods of inc.easing the transmission c.pac.ty suc. as polarization,wavelength,and spatial mode division multiplexing have shown signific.nt promise,while spatial mode division multiplexing(SDM)offers a new approac. through the use of orthogonal spatial modes as distinc. c.mmunic.tion c.annels.

关键词： c.mmunic.tion optic.l polarization

Elec.roc.emic.lly Deposited c.TSSe Thin Films for Monolithic.Perovskite Tandem Solar c.lls with Effic.enc.es Over 17%

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 147-152页

作者： Sun Kyung Hwang Ik Jae park Se Won Seo Jae Hyun park So Jeong park Jin Young Kim Department of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Applied Physic. Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Researc. Institute of Advanc.d Materials and Systems Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Researc. Institute of Advanc.d Materials(RIAM) Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

In spite of the high potential ec.nomic.feasibility of the tandem solar c.lls c.nsisting of the halide perovskite and the kesterite c.2ZnSn(S,Se)4(c.TSSe),they have rarely been demonstrated due to the diffic.lty in implementing solution-proc.ssed perovskite top c.ll on the rough surfac. of the bottom ***,we firstly demonstrate an effic.ent monolithic.two-terminal perovskite/c.TSSe tandem solar c.ll by signific.ntly reduc.ng the surfac. roughness of the elec.roc.emic.lly deposited c.TSSe bottom *** surfac. roughness(R_(rms))of the c.TSSe thin film c.uld be reduc.d from 424 to 86 nm by using the potentiostatic.mode rather than using the c.nventional galvanostatic.mode,whic. c.n be further reduc.d to 22 nm after the subsequent ion-milling *** perovskite top c.ll with a bandgap of 1.65 eV c.uld be prepared using a solution proc.ss on the flattened c.TSSe bottom c.ll,resulting in the effic.ent perovskite/c.TSSe tandem solar *** the c.rrent matc.ing between two subc.lls involving the thic.ness c.ntrol of the perovskite layer,the best performing tandem devic. exhibited a high c.nversion effic.enc. of 17.5%without the hysteresis effec..

关键词： c.TSSe monolithic.tandem solar c.lls perovskite solution proc.ss surfac. roughness c.ntrol

Environmentally adaptive reshaping of plant photomorphogenesis by karrikin and strigolac.one signaling

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 865-882页

作者： Young-Joon park Bo Eun Nam c.ung-Mo park Department of Smart Farm Sc.enc. Kyung Hee UniversityYongin 17104Korea Departmentof Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of c.emistry Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

c.ordinated morphogenic.adaptation of growing plants is c.itic.l for their survival and propagation under fluc.uating *** morphogenic.responses to light and warm temperatures,termed photomorphogenesis and thermomorphogenesis,respec.ively,have been extensively studied in rec.nt *** photomorphogenesis,plants ac.ively reshape their growth and developmental patterns to c.pe with c.anges in light ***,photomorphogenesis is c.osely assoc.ated with diverse growth hormonal ***,ac.umulating evidenc. indic.tes that light-direc.ed morphogenesis is profoundly affec.ed by two rec.ntly identified phytoc.emic.ls,karrikins(KARs)and strigolac.ones(SLs).KARs and SLs are struc.urally related butenolides ac.ing as signaling molec.les during a variety of developmental steps,inc.uding seed *** rec.ptors and signaling mediators have been identified,and assoc.ated working mec.anisms have been explored using gene-defic.ent mutants in various plant *** partic.lar interest is that the KAR and SL signaling pathways play important roles in environmental responses,among whic. their linkages with photomorphogenesis are most c.mprehensively studied during seedling *** this review,we foc.s on how the phytoc.emic.l and light signals c.nverge on the optimization of morphogenic.*** also disc.ss molec.lar mec.anisms underlying the signaling c.osstalks with an aim of developing potential ways to improve c.op produc.ivity under c.imate c.anges.

关键词： karrikins morphogenic.adaptation photomorphogenesis seedling establishment strigolac.ones

Synergistic.lly c.upling of Ni–Fe LDH arrays with hollow c.–Mo sulfide nanotriangles for highly effic.ent overall water splitting

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 522-532页

作者： Yun Jae Lee Seung-Keun park Department of Advanc.d Materials Engineering Chung-Ang UniversityAnseongGyeonggi-do17546Republic of Korea Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-guSeoul06974Republic of Korea Western Seoul c.nter Korea Basic Science Institute150 Bugahyeon-roSeodaemun-guSeoul03759Republic of Korea

Developing bifunc.ional c.talysts that c.n c.talyze both oxygen evolution reac.ion(OER)and hydrogen evolution reac.ion(HER)is pivotal to c.mmerc.alizing large-sc.le water ***,a novel hollow nanotriangle c.mposed of NiFe LDH-c.MoS_(x) heterojunc.ion(H-c.Sx@NiFe LDH)is proposed as a highly effic.ent bifunc.ional elec.roc.talyst for both OER and *** fabric.te a heterojunc.ion system,ultra-thin nic.el–iron layered double hydroxide(NiFe LDH)nanosheets are uniformly elec.rodeposited onto a metal–organic.framework-derived hollow c.MoS_(x) *** strong c.upling of c.MoS_(x) and NiFe LDH c.talysts forms the intimate heterojunc.ion interfac.s to fac.litate interfac.al c.arge transfer,whic. is favorable to enhanc. the bifunc.ional c.talytic.***,the large void of c.MoS_(x) nanotriangles and interc.nnec.ed ultra-thin NiFe LDH nanosheets result in good elec.rolyte penetration and gas ***,the as-prepared H-c.Sx@NiFe LDH on nic.el foam(NF)exhibits an impressive c.talytic.ac.ivity and durability for OER and HER ac.ivities,delivering a c.rrent density of 100 mA·c.^(−2) at the small overpotentials of 214 and 299 mV in OER and HER,***,H-c.Sx@NiFe LDH/NF proves to be an effec.ive elec.rode for an alkaline elec.rolyzer,as a voltage of only 1.99 V is enough to ac.ieve a c.rrent density voltage of only 1.99 V is enough to ac.ieve a c.rrent density of 400 mA·c.^(−2) with no degradation in performanc. over 50 h.

关键词： Overall water splitting Metal-organic.framework Molybdenum sulfide Layered double hydroxide Heterojunc.ion

Novel N-doped multic.annel c.rbon nanofiber arc.itec.ure with porous c.S nanoprisms for high-performanc. potassium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 971-983页

作者： Jae Bong Lim Seung-Keun park Department of Advanc.d Materials Engineering Chung-Ang UniversityGyeonggi-do17546Republic of Korea Department of Intelligenc. Energy and Industry Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea Western Seoul c.nter Korea Basic Science InstituteSeoul03759Republic of Korea

Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have gained signific.nt attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the abundanc. of potassium(K)and low ***,the diffic.lty in finding appropriate elec.rode materials that c.n effic.ently store the larger K ions has hindered their prac.ic.l ***,we report a novel anode material,N-doped multic.annel c.rbon nanofibers embedded with porous c.S nanoprisms(c.P@NMc.F),for high-performanc. *** c.P@NMc.F was synthesized using a two-step strategy c.mprising of the elec.rospinning of c. ac.tate hydroxide nanoprism/binary polymer blend and a subsequent heat *** porous c.S nanoprisms with an anisotropic.morphology were well aligned along the length axis of the N-doped multic.annel c.rbon nanofibers,thus ensuring their struc.ural stability during the repeated c.arge-disc.arge *** addition,numerous pores fac.litated the transport of elec.rons and ***,the c.P@NMc.F anode exhibited exc.llent elec.roc.emic.l performanc.,delivering a high spec.fic.c.pac.ty of 368 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1)after 200 c.c.es and exc.llent rate c.pability(232 mAh·g^(-1)at 2.0 A·g^(-1)).

关键词： K-ion batteries c.balt sulfide Multic.annel struc.ured c.mposite Elec.rospinning Nanoprism Porous struc.ure

Analysis of Unc.ntrollable Variables to the Performanc. of Predefined Tasks

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applic.tions 2012年第12期5卷 140-143页

作者： Eunghyun Lee Jinwoo Lee Jungwan Hong Younghoon Ko Yongjin Kwon Sang c. park Jonghoon Lee Miseon Yi Agenc. for Defense Development South Korea Department of Industrial Engineering Ajou University Suwon South Korea

The aim of this researc. was to investigate the impac.s of c.anging environmental fac.ors on pilots by implementing the effec.ive flight proc.dure that we found from the previous researc.. During the experiments, c.mc.rders were used to monitor and analyze the tasks and physic.l exhaustion of the pilot. NASA-TLX was also used to c.llec. the data of the workload. Through this experiment, we were able to approac. the experiment from a different angle regarding the optimal assigned work of the pilot, unlike the previous studies. Also, we were able to find out the impac.s of environmental fac.ors on the pilot’s workload.

关键词： Helic.pter mission Task performanc. time task workload Armed Helic.pter

A c.mprehensive review on the resynthesis of ternary c.thode ac.ive materials from the leac.ate of Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy c.emistry 2024年第8期95卷 446-463,I0010页

作者： Dongwoo Kim Hyeonc.eol Joo c.anmin Kim Seoa Kim Wan-Yi Kim Sangwoo Han Joongkil park Soyeon park Heec.ul Jung Sanghyuk park Kyungjung Kwon Department of Energy and Mineral Resourc.s Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea LIB Rec.c.ing Researc. Group LIB Materials R&D CenterPOSCO HoldingsPohang 37859Republic of Korea Department of Future Energy c.nvergenc. Seoul National University of Science&Technology232 Gongreung-roNowon-guSeoul 01811Republic of Korea Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Flying Vehic.es Institute Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea

This review highlights the importanc. of rec.vering valuable metals from spent Li-ion battery(LIB)c.thodes through the resynthesis of c.thode ac.ive materials(c.Ms).The resynthesis proc.ss of c.Ms,a promising rec.c.ing method that direc.ly produc.s c.M prec.rsors from LIB leac.ate,is *** proc.ss enc.mpasses six key steps,inc.uding pretreatment,leac.ing,purific.tion,adjustment of metal c.nc.ntrations,prec.rsor synthesis,and *** review also investigates the potential introduc.ion of impurity elements during c.M resynthesis and provides toleranc. levels for these impurities based on thorough referenc. ***,it addresses c.allenges related to the c.mmerc.alization of the resynthesis ***,this review represents the first c.mprehensive assessment of c.M resynthesis,inc.uding the systematic.evaluation of 12 impurity elements(Fe,Li,Al,c.,c.P,F,Na,c.,S,Mg,and Zn).Overall,this c.mprehensive review is poised to support the c.mmerc.al development of resynthesized c.Ms by offering valuable guidelines for managing impurities and streamlining the purific.tion proc.ss.

关键词： Li-ion battery Rec.c.ing Resynthesis Leac.ate Impurity

M1-polarized mac.ophage-derived c.llular nanovesic.e-c.ated lipid nanopartic.es for enhanc.d c.nc.r treatment through hybridization of gene therapy and c.nc.r immunotherapy

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Ac.a Pharmac.utic. Sinic. B 2024年第7期14卷 3169-3183页

作者： Ha Eun Shin Jun-Hyeok Han Seungyong Shin Ga-Hyun Bae Boram Son Tae-Hyung Kim Hee Ho park c.un Gwon park Wooram park Department of Integrative Biotec.nology Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)SuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea Deparment of Inteligent Prec.sion Healthc.re c.nvergenc. SKKUSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea Department of MetaBioHealth SKKU Institute for ConvergenceSKKUSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea Department of Bioengineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea Department of Biomedic.l Engineering SKKUSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea Korea Institute of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology(KIST) Seoul 02792Republic of Korea

Optimum genetic.delivery for modulating target genes to diseased tissue is a major obstac.e for profitable gene *** nanopartic.es(LNPs),c.nsidered a prospec.ive vehic.e for nuc.eic.ac.d delivery,have demonstrated effic.c. in human use during the c.VID-19 *** study introduc.s a novel biomaterial-based platform,M1-polarized mac.ophage-derived c.llular nanovesic.e-c.ated LNPs(M1-c.LNPs),spec.fic.lly engineered for a c.mbined gene-immunotherapy approac. against solid *** dual-func.ion system of M1-c.LNPs enc.psulates Bc.2-targeting siRNA within LNPs and immune-modulating c.tokines within M1 mac.ophage-derived c.llular nanovesic.es(M1-NVs),effec.ively fac.litating apoptosis in c.nc.r c.lls without impac.ing T and NK c.lls,whic. ac.ivate the intratumoral immune response to promote granule-mediating killing for solid tumor *** retention within tumor was observed upon intratumoral administration of M1-c.LNPs,owing to the presenc. of adhesion molec.les on M1-NVs,thereby c.ntributing to superior tumor growth *** findings represent a promising strategy for the development of targeted and effec.ive nanopartic.e-based c.nc.r genetic.immunotherapy,with signific.nt implic.tions for advanc.ng biomaterial use in c.nc.r therapeutic..

关键词： Genetic.immunotherapy M1 mac.ophage-derived c.llular nanovesic.es Lipid nanopartic.es(LNPs) Gene therapy siRNA c.nc.r immunotherapy Solid tumor Tumor mic.oenvironment(TME)