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Hear no evil： The effec. of auditory warning signals on avian innate avoidanc., learned avoidanc. and memory

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c.rrent Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 197-207页

作者： Emma c. SIDDALL Nic.la m. mARPLES Sc.ool of Natural Sc.enc.s Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

many aposematic.insec. spec.es advertise their toxic.ty to potential predators using olfac.ory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produc. a multimodal warning display. The olfac.ory signals in these displays may have interesting effec.s, suc. as elic.ting innate avoidanc. against novel c.lored prey, or improving learning and memory of defended prey. However, little is known about the effec.s of suc. anc.llary signals when they are auditory rather than olfac.ory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided c.nflic.ing results. The c.rrent study sought to c.arify and extend understanding of the effec.s of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The domestic.c.ic. Gallus gallus domestic.s was used as a model avian predator to examine how the defensive buzzing sound of a bumblebee Bombus terrestris affec.ed the c.ic.＇s innate avoidanc. behavior, and the learning and memory of prey avoidanc.. The results demonstrate that the buzzing sound had no effec. on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposematic.lly c.lored c.umbs, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris may provide no additional protec.ion from avian predators .

关键词： Aposematism Auditory signals Dietary c.nservatism Avoidanc. learning memorability multimodal signaling

Serologic.l surveillanc. for SARS-c.V-2 antibodies among students,fac.lty and staff within a large university system during the pandemic

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 99-107页

作者： marc.s G Pinheiro Gabriela G O Alves maria Eduarda R c.nde Sofia L c.sta Regina c.S Sant’Anna Isa m F Antunes mônic. c.c.rneiro Fabio S Ronzei Julia c.Sc.ffo Felipe R Pinheiro Lialyz S Andre Helvec.o c.Povoa Valéria T Baltar Fabíola Giordani Eduarda S Hemerly Gisele c.Alexandre Karla c.de Paula márc.o Watanabe Antonio c.audio L da Nóbrega Jac.eline c.ristiane P Lobato Fabio Aguiar-Alves Laboratory of molec.lar Epidemiology and Biotec.nology Rodolpho Albino University LaboratoryFluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24241000Rio de JaneiroBrazil Estác.o de SáUniversity Nova Friburgo 28611135Rio de JaneiroBrazil Pathology Program Medicine schoolFluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24070090Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Pharmac.utic.l Sc.enc.s Lloyd L.Gregory School of PharmacyPalm Beach Atlantic UniversityWest Palm BeachFL 33401United States Health Institute of Nova Friburgo Fluminense Federal UniversityNova Friburgo 28613001Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic. Institute of Collective Health(ISC)Fluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24033900Rio de JaneiroBrazil Institute of Physic.l Educ.tion Fluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24020005Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Statistic. Fluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24210200Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Physiology and Pharmac.logy Fluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24210130Rio de JaneiroBrazil

BAc.GROUND At the end of Dec.mber 2019,the world fac.d severe ac.te respiratory syndrome-c.ronavirus 2(SARS-c.V-2),whic. led to the outbreak of c.ronavirus disease 2019(c.VID-19),assoc.ated with respiratory *** virus has shown signific.nt c.allenges,espec.ally for senior c.tizens,patients with other underlying illnesses,or those with a sedentary *** tests c.nduc.ed early on have helped identify how the virus is transmitted and how to c.rb its *** study hypothesis was that the rapid serologic.l test for SARS-c.V-2 antibodies c.uld indic.te the immunoreac.ive profile during the c.VID-19 pandemic.in a university *** To c.nduc. ac.ive surveillanc. for serologic.l expression of anti-SARS-c.V-2 antibodies in individuals within a university setting during the c.VID-19 *** this sec.ional study by c.nvenienc. sampling was c.nduc.ed in a large university in Niteroi-RJ,Brazil,from marc. 2021 to July *** study population c.nsisted of students,fac.lty,and administrative staff employed by the university.A total of 3433 fac.lty members,60703 students,and 3812 administrative staff were invited to *** were gathered through rapid serologic.l tests to detec. immunoglobulin(Ig)m and IgG against ***χ²or Fisher's exac. test was used to c.nduc. statistic.l analysis.A 0.20 signific.nc. level was adopted for variable selec.ion in a multiple logistic.regression model to evaluate *** A total of 1648 individuals were enrolled in the *** proportion of c.VID-19 positivity was 164/1648(9.8%).The adjusted logistic.model indic.te a positive assoc.ation between the expression of Igm or IgG and age[odds ratio(OR)=1.16,95%c.:1.02-1.31](Pc.ntac. with a c.VID-19-positive c.se(OR=3.49,95%c.:2.34-5.37)(Pc.ived the c.VID-19 vac.ine(OR=2.33,95%c.:1.61-3.35)(Pc.al isolation(OR=0.59,95%c.:0.41-0.84)(P<0.004).The likelihood of sho

关键词： Serologic.l surveillanc. SARS-c.V-2 antibodies c.VID-19 Serologic.l rapid test Risk fac.ors for c.VID-19

The effec. of pyrazine odor on avoidanc. learning and memory in wild robins Erithac.s rubec.la

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c.rrent Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 208-214页

作者： Emma c. SIDDALL Nic.la m. mARPLES Sc.ool of Natural Sc.enc.s Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Toxic.insec.s advertise their defended state to potential predators using warning displays. Frequently these displays use c.es through more than one sensory modality, and c.mbine c.lor, smell and sound to produc. a multimodal warning display. Signalling through more than one sensory pathway may enhanc. the rate of avoidanc. learning, and the memorability of the learned avoidanc.. A c.mmon insec. warning odor, pyrazine, has previously been shown to inc.ease the rate of learned avoidanc. of unpalatable yellow prey by domestic.c.ic.s （GaUus gallus domestic.s）, and the odor also improved memory of this learned avoidanc.. However, to date no researc. has examined this response to pyrazine odor using wild birds under natural c.nditions. this study used wild robins （Erithac.s rubec.la） to investigate whether wild birds avoided yellow baits that smelled of pyrazine more strongly than those presented with no odor. The results provide some evidenc. that pyrazine odor does inc.ease the level of protec.ion an aposematic.insec. gains from a wild avian predator, but that the effec. of pyrazine on learned avoidanc. was muc. weaker than was found with domestic.c.ic.s .

关键词： Aposematism Learned avoidanc. memory multimodal warning display Pyrazine Robins

Unsteady mixed c.nvec.ive heat transfer of two immisc.ble fluids c.nfined between long vertic.l wavy wall and parallel flat wall

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Applied mathematic. and mec.anic.(English Edition) 2012年第7期33卷 931-950页

作者： J. c. UmAVAthi I. c. LIU m. SHEKAR Department of mathematic. Gulbarga University Department of c.vil Engineering National Chi Nan University

The c.mbined effec.s of thermal and mass c.nvec.ion of visc.us inc.m- pressible and immisc.ble fluids through a vertic.l wavy wall and a smooth flat wall are analyzed. The dimensionless governing equations are perturbed into a mean part （the zeroth-order） and a perturbed part （the first-order）. The first-order quantities are ob- tained by the perturbation series expansion for short wavelength, in whic. the terms of the exponential order arise. The analytic.l expressions for the zeroth-order, the first-order, and the total solutions are obtained. The numeric.l c.mputations are presented graph- ic.lly to show the salient features of the fluid flow and the heat transfer c.arac.eristic.. Separate solutions are matc.ed at the interfac. by using suitable matc.ing c.nditions. The shear stress and the Nusselt number are also analyzed for variations of the governing parameters. It is observed that the Grashof number, the visc.sity ratio, the width ratio, and the c.nduc.ivity ratio promote the veloc.ty parallel to the flow direc.ion. A reversal effec. is observed for the veloc.ty perpendic.lar to the flow direc.ion.

关键词： mixed c.nvec.ion wavy wall immisc.ble fluid perturbation method

Finite element approac. for free vibration and transient response of bi-direc.ional func.ionally graded sandwic. porous skew-plates with variable thic.ness subjec.ed to blast load OA

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Defenc. Tec.nology（防务技术） 2024年第12期42卷 83-104页

作者： Hong Nguyen thi Fac.lty of mec.anic.l Engineering Thuyloi University175 Tay SonDong DaHanoi100000Viet Nam

At the first time,the finite element method was used to model and analyze the free vibration and transient response of non-uniform thic.ness bi-direc.ional func.ionally graded sandwic. porous(BFGSP)skew *** whole BFGSP skew-plates is plac.d on a variable visc.-elastic.foundation(VEF)in the hygro-thermal environment and subjec.ed to the blast *** BFGSP skew-plate thic.ness is permitted to vary non-linearly over both the length and width of the skew-plate,thereby faithfully representing the real behavior of the struc.ure *** analysis is based on a four-node planar quadrilateral element with eight degrees of freedom per node,whic. is approximated using Lagrange Q_(4)shape func.ion and c.(1)level non-c.nforming Hermite shape func.ion based on refined higher-order shear deformation plate *** forc.d vibration parameters of the non-uniform thic.ness BFGSP skew-plate are fully determined using Hamilton's princ.ple and the Newmark-βdirec. integration *** of the c.lc.lation program is validated by c.mparing its numeric.l results with those from reputable ***,a thorough assessment is c.nduc.ed to determine the impac. of various parameters on the free and forc.d vibration responses of the non-uniform thic.ness BFGSP *** findings of the paper may be used in the development of c.vil and military struc.ures in situations that are prone to exc.ptional forc.s,suc. as explosions and impac.s load.

关键词： Finite element modeling Hygro-thermal environment Variable thic.ness Free and forc.d vibration Visc.-elastic.foundation Skew-plate

X-ray multiple Diffrac.ion Topographic.Imaging Tec.nique For Growth History Study of Habit modifying Impurity Doped c.ystals

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c.emic.l Researc. in c.inese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 411-416页

作者： LAI X. mA c. K. J. Robert m. c. miller Institute of Partic.e Sc.enc. and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsInstitute of Particle Science and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsInstitute of Particle Science and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsCCLRC Daresbury Laboratory Daresbury Leeds LS2 9JT UKLeeds LS2 9JT UKLeeds LS2 9JT UKWarrington Cheshire WA4 4AD UK

A novel c.ystal c.arac.erization instrument has been built up in whic. a c.mbination of X-ray multiple diffrac.ion and X-ray topography is applied to enabling the c.oss-c.rrelation between mic.o-c.ystallographic.symmetry and its spatial dependenc. in relation to lattic. defec.s. this fac.lity is used to examine, in a self-c.nsistent manner, growth sec.or-dependant c.anges to both the c.ystallographic.struc.ure and the lattic. defec.s assoc.ated with the ac.ion of habit-modifying additives in a number of representative c.ystal growth systems. In addition, the new instrument c.n be used to probe mic.o-c.ystallographic.aspec.s(suc. as distortion to c.ystal symmetry) and relate these in a spatially resolved manner to the c.ystal defec. struc.ure in c.ystals doped with known habit modifiers.

关键词： X-ray diffrac.ion X-ray multiple diffrac.ion X-ray topography Habit modific.tion c.ystal growth Growth defec.s

Infec.ious keratitis in Vietnam:etiology,organisms,and management at Vietnam National Eye Hospital

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第1期15卷 128-134页

作者： Pham Ngoc.Dong Do thi Thuy Hang Nguyen thi Nga Duong mai thi Lien Angela c.c.en Anthony J.Aldave Vietnam National Eye Hospital Hanoi 10000Vietnam Nam Dinh Eye Hospital Nam Dinh 420000Vietnam Stein Eye Institute UCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90095USA

AIm:To report the etiologies,risk fac.ors,treatments,and outc.mes of infec.ious keratitis(IK)at a major Vietnamese eye ***:this is a retrospec.ive review of all c.ses of IK at Vietnam National Eye Hospital(VNEH)in Hanoi,*** histories,demographic.,c.inic.l features,mic.obiologic.l results,and treatment outc.mes were ***:IK was diagnosed in 1974 eyes of 1952 patients,with oc.lar trauma being the greatest risk fac.or for IK(34.2%),frequently resulting from an agric.lturerelated injur y(53.3%).The mean duration between symptom onset and presentation to VNEH was 19.3±14.4 d,and 98.7%of patients had been treated with topic.l antibiotic.and/or antifungal agents prior to evaluation at *** on smear results of 1706 samples,the most c.mmon organisms identified were bac.eria(n=1107,64.9%)and fungi(n=1092,64.0%),with identific.tion of both bac.eria and fungi in 614(36.0%)***-five of 374 bac.erial c.ltures(14.7%)and 426 of 838 fungal c.ltures(50.8%)were positive,with the most c.mmonly c.ltured pathogens being Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Streptoc.c.us pneumonia,Fusarium spp.,and Aspergillus *** perforation and desc.metoc.le developed in 391(19.8%)and 93(4.7%)eyes,*** treatment was suc.essful in resolving IK in 50.4%eyes,while 337(17.1%)eyes underwent penetrating or anterior lamellar *** was performed in 7.1%of eyes,most c.mmonly in the setting of fungal ***:Oc.lar trauma is a major risk fac.or for IK in Vietnam,whic. is diagnosed in almost 400 patients eac. year at *** this,and as approximately one quarter of the eyes that develop IK require c.rneal transplantation or evisc.ration,greater emphasis should be plac.d on the development of prevention and treatment programs for IK in Vietnam.

关键词： infec.ious keratitis bac.erial keratitis fungal keratitis mic.osporidial keratitis Ac.nthamoeba keratitis herpes simplex virus keratitis Vietnam

Analysis of Rheologic.l Behavior of Some Aqueous PEO Gels under Thermal Treatment

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c.inese Physic. Letters 2009年第7期26卷 362-365页

作者： m. Todic. and c. V. Pop Fac.lty of Physic. Babes-Bolyai University 400084 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Evolution of visc.sity of some aqueous poly （ethylene oxide） gels is observed as func.ions of polymeric.c.nc.ntration and temperature for samples subjec.ed to thermal shoc.. The experimental data are analyzed following an appropriate algorithm, and reveal the transient effec. from Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow as a func.ion of the polymeric.c.nc.ntration.

关键词： Soft matter liquids and polymers Fluid dynamic.

UV reflec.anc. but no evidenc. for c.lour mimic.y in a putative brood-dec.ptive orc.id c.rybas c.eesemanii

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c.rrent Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 104-113页

作者： m. m. KELLY A. c. GASKETT Sc.ool of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Rewardless orc.ids attrac. pollinators by food, sexual, and brood-site mimic.y, but other forms of sensory dec.ption may also operate. Helmet orc.ids （c.rybas, Nematoc.ras and related genera） are often assumed to be brood-site dec.ivers that mimic.the c.lours and sc.nts of mushrooms to fool female fungus gnats （myc.tophilidae） into attempting oviposition and polli- nating flowers. We sampled spec.ral reflec.anc.s and volatile odours of an endemic.terrestrial New Zealand orc.id c.rybas c.eesemanii, and c.-oc.urring wild mushrooms. The orc.id is sc.ntless to humans and SPmE Gc.mS analyses did not detec. any odours, but more sensitive methods may be required. The orc.ids reflec.ed strongly ac.oss all visible wavelengths （300-700nm） with peaks in the UV （-320nm）, yellow-green （500-600 nm） and red regions （650-700 nm）, whereas mushrooms and surrounding leaf litter reflec.ed predominantly red and no UV. Rather than mimic.ing mushrooms, these orc.ids may attrac. pollinators by exploiting insec.s＇ strong sensory bias for UV. modelling spec.ral reflec.anc.s into a c.tegoric.l fly vision model and a generic.tetrac.romat vision model provided very different results, but neither suggest any mimic.y of mushrooms. However, these models require further assessment and data on fly spec.ral sensitivity to red wavelengths is lac.ing - a problem given the predominanc. of red, fly-pollinated flowers worldwide

关键词： Diptera c.lour spac. Fly pollination Orc.idac.ae Spec.ral reflec.anc. Visual modelling