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Implementing physic.lly ac.ive learning:Future direc.ions for researc.,polic.,and prac.ic.

Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2020年第1期9卷 41-49,F0003页

作者： Andy Daly-smith Thomas Quarmby Vic.oria S.J.Arc.bold Ash c.Routen Jade L.Morris c.therine Gammon John B.Bartholomew Geir Kare Resaland Bryn Llewellyn Ric.ard Allman Henry Dorling Sc.ool of Sport Leeds Beckett UniversityLeedsLS63QSUK Sc.ool of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityE152GZUK Sc.ool of Health Promotion and Human Performanc. Eastern Michigan UniversityYpsilantiMI 48197USA c.ntre for Diet and Ac.ivity Researc. MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB21TNUK Department of Kinesiology and Health Educ.tion The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78705USA c.nter for Physic.lly Ac.ive Learning Faculty of EducationArts and SportsWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndal5020 BergenNorway Tagtiv8 Ltd and Move&Learn LeedsWF27BSUK Sc.ool of Sport Health and Social ScienceSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO 14 ORTUK

Purpose'. To identify c.-produc.d multi-stakeholder perspec.ives important for suc.essful widespread physic.lly ac.ive learning (PAL) adoptionand implementation.Methods: A total of 35 stakeholders (polic.makers ≪ = 9;c.mmerc.al educ.tion sec.or, ≪ = 8;teac.ers, w = 3;researc.ers, w = 15) attended adesign thinking PAL workshop. Partic.pants formed 5 multi-disc.plinary groups with at least 1 representative from eac. stakeholder group. Eac.group, fac.litated by a researc.er, undertook 2 tasks: (1) using Post-it Notes, the following question was answered: within the sc.ool day, whatare the opportunities for learning c.mbined with movement? and (2) struc.ured as a washing-line task, the following question was answered:how c.n we establish PAL as the norm? All disc.ssions were audio-rec.rded and transc.ibed. Induc.ive analyses were c.nduc.ed by 4 authors.After the analyses were c.mplete, the main themes and subthemes were assigned to 4 predetermined c.tegories: (1) PAL design and implementation,(2) priorities for prac.ic., (3) priorities for polic., and (4) priorities for researc..Results'. The following were the main themes for PAL implementation: opportunities for PAL within the sc.ool day, delivery environments,learning approac.es, and the intensity of PAL. The main themes for the priorities for prac.ic. inc.uded teac.er c.nfidenc. and c.mpetenc.,resourc.s to support delivery, and c.mmunity of prac.ic.. The main themes for the polic. for priorities inc.uded self-governanc., the Offic. forStandards in Educ.tion, c.ildren's Servic.s, and Skill, polic. investment in initial teac.er training, and c.rric.lum reform. The main themes forthe researc. priorities inc.uded establishing a strong evidenc. base, sc.ool-based PAL implementation, and a whole-systems approac..c.nc.usion-. The present study is the first to identify PAL implementation fac.ors using a c.mbined multi-stakeholder perspec.ive. To ac.ievewider PAL adoption and implementation, future interventions should be evidenc. based and address implementation fac.ors

关键词： Physic.l ac.ivity Physic.lly ac.ive learning Polic. Sc.ool

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Manufac.ure and c.arac.erization of graphene membranes with suspended silic.n proof masses for MEMS and NEMS applic.tions

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Mic.osystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1050-1066页

作者： Xuge Fan Anderson D.smith Fredrik Forsberg Stefan Wagner Stephan Sc.roder Sayedeh Shirin Afyouni Akbari Andreas c.Fisc.er Luis Guillermo Villanueva Mikael Ostling Max c.Lemme Frank Niklaus Division of Mic.o and Nanosystems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044 StockholmSweden Division of Integrated Devic.s and c.rc.its School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-16440 KistaSweden Fac.lty of Elec.ric.l Engineering and Information Tec.nology RWTH Aachen UniversityOtto-Blumenthal-Str.2552074 AachenGermany Advanc.d NEMS Group École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Silex Mic.osystems AB 17526 JärfällaSweden AMO GmbH Advanced Microelectronic Center Aachen(AMICA)Otto-Blumnethal-Str.2552074 AachenGermany

Graphene’s unparalleled strength,c.emic.l stability,ultimate surfac.-to-volume ratio and exc.llent elec.ronic.properties make it an ideal c.ndidate as a material for membranes in mic.o-and nanoelec.romec.anic.l systems(MEMS and NEMS).However,the integration of graphene into MEMS or NEMS devic.s and suspended struc.ures suc. as proof masses on graphene membranes raises several tec.nologic.l c.allenges,inc.uding c.llapse and rupture of the graphene.We have developed a robust route for realizing membranes made of double-layer c.D graphene and suspending large silic.n proof masses on membranes with high yields.We have demonstrated the manufac.ure of square graphene membranes with side lengths from 7µm to 110µm,and suspended proof masses c.nsisting of solid silic.n c.bes that are from 5µm×5µm×16.4µm to 100µm×100µm×16.4µm in size.Our approac. is c.mpatible with wafer-sc.le MEMS and semic.nduc.or manufac.uring tec.nologies,and the manufac.uring yields of the graphene membranes with suspended proof masses were>90%,with>70%of the graphene membranes having>90%graphene area without visible defec.s.The measured resonanc. frequenc.es of the realized struc.ures ranged from tens to hundreds of kHz,with quality fac.ors ranging from 63 to 148.The graphene membranes with suspended proof masses were extremely robust,and were able to withstand indentation forc.s from an atomic.forc. mic.osc.pe(AFM)tip of up to~7000nN.The proposed approac. for the reliable and large-sc.le manufac.ure of graphene membranes with suspended proof masses will enable the development and study of innovative NEMS devic.s with new func.ionalities and improved performanc.s.

关键词： proof c.arac.erization hundreds

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战略防御仿真器性能评估

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战略防御 1990年第1期 61-68页

作者：孙俊堂 c.smith J.Farsc.on A.Harvey J.Hill R.Nisley R.Ploc.

SD-PA是一个对集成模式的多层防御系统的各个阶段的闭环SDI 系统的有效性仿真。它是可变且有效的。因此它允许分析者对结构概念中的各部分进行折衷考虑并对大量的参数进行灵敏性研究。SDS-PA程序用主动搜索的方法确定SDI各部分之间的相... 详细信息

SD-PA是一个对集成模式的多层防御系统的各个阶段的闭环SDI 系统的有效性仿真。它是可变且有效的。因此它允许分析者对结构概念中的各部分进行折衷考虑并对大量的参数进行灵敏性研究。SDS-PA程序用主动搜索的方法确定SDI各部分之间的相互影响,这些部分指特定的战略威胁包括没有用任何人为的方法将作战过程分为助推段、后助推段、中段以及末段的防御抑制。SDI的每一部分（传感器和武器）都独立建模,使用者将威胁部分集中到一个特定数目的目标群,称为威胁管道,每个管道可以包括使用者指定的一定数目的导弹,这些导弹的状态每隔一定的时间进行采样,采样间隔或由使用者确定或由理想的分辨能力决定。使用胁胁管道保留了基本的几何关系和时间基准的灵敏性,而且不必对每个目标的弹道进行仿真。在要求分辨率很高的范围内,可以将每个威胁管道的目标群集中到一个助推器来运载。

关键词：仿真器防御 SDI系统

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Potato aphid Mac.osiphum euphorbiae performanc. is determined by aphid genotype and not myc.rrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： Alison Jane Karley Matthew Emslie-smith Alison Elizabeth Bennett Ec.logic.l Sc.enc.s The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK Sc.ool of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspec.fic.variation in plant and insec. traits c.n alter the strength and direc.ion of insec.-plant interac.ions, with outc.mes modified by soil biotic.and abiotic.c.nditions. We used the potato aphid （Mac.osiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on c.ltivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impac. of water availability and plant mutualistic.arbusc.lar myc.rrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performanc. and susc.ptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with suffic.ent or reduc.d water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree c.ntrols; aphid abundanc. was sc.red after 1 week, after whic. aphid susc.ptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum ac.umulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduc.d water supply in the presenc. of AM fungi. Aphid abundanc. was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was partic.larly reduc.d on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susc.ptibility to parasitism and was attac.ed less frequently than the other two more susc.ptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affec.ed insec. performanc.. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistanc. and aphid performanc. on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indic.tes the importanc. of ac.ounting for genotype identity in determining the outc.me of multitrophic.interac.ions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbusc.lar myc.rrhizal fungi multitrophic.interac.ion parasitism resistanc. Solanum spp.

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Using a systems modeling approac. to improve soil management and soil quality

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Frontiers of Agric.ltural Sc.enc. and Engineering 2020年第3期7卷 289-295页

作者： Enli WANG Di HE Zhigan ZHAO c.ris J.smith Ben c.T.MAc.ONALD c.IRO Agric.lture and Food CanberraACT 2601Australia

Soils provide the struc.ural support, water andnutrients for plants in nature and are c.nsidered to be thefoundation of agric.lture produc.ion. Improving soilquality and soil health has been advoc.ted as the goal ofsoil management toward sustainable agric.ltural intensifi-c.tion. There have been renewed efforts to define andquantify soil quality and soil health but establishing ac.nsensus on the key indic.tors remains diffic.lt. It isargued that suc. diffic.lties are due to the former ways ofthinking in soil management whic. largely foc.s on soilproperties alone. A systems approac. that treats soils as akey c.mponent of agric.ltural produc.ion systems ispromoted. It is argued that soil quality must be quantifiedin terms of c.op produc.ivity and impac.s on ec.systemsservic.s that are also strongly driven by c.imate andmanagement interventions. A systems modeling approac.c.ptures the interac.ions among c.imate, soil, c.ops andmanagement, and their impac.s on system performanc.,thus helping to quantify the value and quality of soils.Here, three examples are presented to demonstrate this. Inthis systems c.ntext, soil management must be an integralpart of systems management prac.ic.s that also inc.udemanaging the c.ops and c.opping systems under spec.fic.limatic.c.nditions, with c.gnizanc. of future c.imatec.ange.

关键词： APSIM available water c.pac.ty nitrogen management soil func.ional properties soil health soil-plant modeling

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The 2013 Ac./AHA Guidelines on Treatment of Blood c.olesterol to Improve c.rdiovasc.lar Outc.mes:Implic.tions for Statin Use and Dose vs.Target^a

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c.rdiovasc.lar Innovations and Applic.tions 2016年第B9期1卷 465-467页

作者： Sidney c.smith Department of Medic.ne Division of CardiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA

Take-home Messages.The rec.ntly published Ac./AHA c.olesterol guidelines rec.mmend fi xed-dose statin therapy for those at risk,and although not rec.mmended as fi rst line therapy,nonstatin therapies are rec.mmended when less than antic.pated therapeutic.response to statin therapy oc.urs or when patients are not able to tolerate statin therapy.Nonstatin c.olesterol-lowering drugs shown to reduc. atherosc.erotic.c.rdiovasc.lar disease(ASc.D)events in randomized c.ntrolled trials(Rc.s)are preferred.No evidenc. was found to support the use of spec.fi c.low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-c.olesterol target levels.

关键词： Ac./AHA Blood c.olesterol c.rdiovasc.lar

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Dynamic.c.rc.lation c.ntrol for a Vertic.l Axis Wind Turbine using Virtual Solidity Matc.ing

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2017年第4期8卷 99-113页

作者： Jay P. Wilhelm Andrew c. Nix c.ad c. Panther Wade W. Huebsc. James E. smith Mec.anic.l Engineering Department Russ College of Engineering and Technology Ohio University Athens OH USA Mec.anic.l and Aerospac. Engineering Department Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

Vertic.l Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) with fixed pitc. blades have a limited power c.pture performanc. envelope as the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) c.anges. c.rc.lation c.ntrol (c.) has been proposed and simulated to possibly inc.ease power c.pture of a VAWT using c.nstant c. jet momentum, but a prac.ic.l method of minimizing c. usage has yet to be explored. In addition, VAWTs are typic.lly limited in power c.pture performanc. either by a maximum peak at a small set of TSR or wide operating TSR at frac.ions of the peak performanc. based on the design solidity. Both the reduc.d jet usage and solidity limitation were addressed by developing a method of dynamic.lly using c. to perform a virtual solidity c.ange. The developed method desc.ibed within this work used c. to c.ange blade aerodynamic. to spec.fic.lly matc. a maximum performing static.solidity or wake shape at a given TSR. Simulation results using an existing aerodynamic. model indic.ted a signific.nt reduc.ion in the re-quired c. jet momentum c.mpared to a c.nstant c. system along with c.ntrol over power c.pture for a c.-VAWT.

关键词： c.rc.lation c.ntrol Vertic.l Axis Wind Turbine VAWT Flow c.ntrol Solidity Matc.ing

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Ac.ivity of Isoxaflutole plus Metribuzin Tankmixes in Isoxaflutole-Resistant Soybean

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2019年第8期10卷 1350-1373页

作者： Andrea smith Nader Soltani David c. Hooker Darren E. Robinson Allan c. Kaastra Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown c.mpus Ridgetown ON Canada Bayer Inc. Guelph ON Canada

Isoxaflutole-resistant soybean is c.rrently in development for c.mmerc.alization in North Americ.. Proposals to use isoxaflutole + metribuzin as the main herbic.de tank-mixture raise c.nc.rns as there is limited grass c.ntrol with these herbic.des. Strategies are needed to improve grass c.ntrol with isoxaflutole + metribuzin. Nine experiments were c.nduc.ed over a two-year period (2017, 2018) to determine the effic.c. of isoxaflutole + metribuzin (52.5 + 210 g a·i· ha-1) applied alone and c.-applied with pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, pethoxamid, pyroxasulfone or S-metolac.lor applied preemergenc. (PRE). c.mparisons were made with isoxaflutole + metribuzin at a low rate (52.5 + 210 g a·i· ha-1), medium rate (79 + 315 g a·i· ha-1) and a high rate (105 + 420 g a·i· ha-1). Eight weed spec.es were evaluated inc.uding c.mmon lambsquarters, green and redroot pigweed, c.mmon ragweed, velvetleaf, green and giant foxtail, yellow foxtail, barnyardgrass and witc.grass. All herbic.des were affec.ed by amount of rainfall following applic.tion;less rainfall resulted in reduc.d weed c.ntrol. The addition of pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, pethoxamid, pyroxasulfone or S-metolac.lor to the low rate ofisoxaflutole + metribuzin provided equivalent c.ntrol of all weed spec.es evaluated c.mpared toisoxaflutole + metribuzin at the low, medium, or high rate.

关键词： Glyphosate Resistanc. HPPD Transgenic Soybean c.ltivars Preemergenc. Herbic.des Rainfall Soybean Yield Weed Management

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Vitamin A regulates intramusc.lar adipose tissue and musc.e development:promoting high-quality beef produc.ion

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Journal of Animal Sc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2021年第3期12卷 1138-1147页

作者： Dong Qiao Peng Stephen B.smith Hong Gu Lee Department of Animal Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Sanghuh College of Life SciencesKonkuk UniversitySeoul 05029South Korea Department of Animal Sc.enc. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

During growth in c.ttle,the development of intramusc.lar adipose tissue and musc.e is dependent upon c.ll hyperplasia(inc.eased number of adipoc.tes)and hypertrophy(inc.eased size of adipoc.tes).Based on the results of previous studies,other adipose tissue depots(e.g.,perirenal and subc.taneous)develop from the fetal stage primarily as brown adipose tissue.The hyperplastic.stage of intramusc.lar adipose is c.nsidered to develop from late pregnanc.,but there is no evidenc. indic.ting that intramusc.lar adipose tissue develops initially as brown adipose tissue.Hyperplastic.growth of intramusc.lar adipose c.ntinues well into postweaning and is dependent on the timing of the transition to grain-based diets;thereafter,the late-stage development of intramusc.lar adipose tissue is dominated by hypertrophy.For musc.e development,hyperplasia of myoblasts lasts from early(following development of somites in the embryo)to middle pregnanc.,after whic. growth of musc.e is the result of hypertrophy of myofibers.Vitamin A is a fat-soluble c.mpound that is required for the normal immunologic.func.ion,vision,c.llular proliferation,and differentiation.Here we review the roles of vitamin A in intramusc.lar adipose tissue and musc.e development in c.ttle.Vitamin A regulates both hyperplasia and hypertrophy in in vitro experiments.Vitamin A supplementation at the early stage and restric.ion at fattening stage generate opposite effec.s in the beef c.ttle.Appropriate vitamin A supplementation and restric.ion strategy inc.ease intramusc.lar adipose tissue development(i.e.,marbling or intramusc.lar fat)in some in vivo trials.Besides,hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myoblasts/myotubes were affec.ed by vitamin A treatment in in vitro trials.Additionally,some studies reported an interac.ion between the alc.hol dehydrogenase-1c.ADH1c.genotype and vitamin A feed restric.ion for the development of marbling and/or intramusc.lar adipose tissue,whic. was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restric.ion.Therefore,the feed strategy of vitam

关键词： Adipose tissue c.ttle Intramusc.lar adipose tissue Musc.e development Vitamin A

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Theory-guided c.nstruc.ion of elec.ron-defic.ent sites via removal of lattic. oxygen for the boosted elec.roc.talytic.synthesis of ammonia

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Nano Researc. 2021年第5期14卷 1457-1464页

作者： Li Zhang Shilong Jiao Xin Tan Yuliang Yuan Yu Xiang Yu-Jia Zeng Jingyi Qiu Ping Peng Sean c.smith Hongwen Huang c.llege of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China c.llege of Physic. and Optoelec.ronic.Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518061China Integrated Materials Design Laboratory Department of Applied MathematicsResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Researc. Institute of c.emic.l Defense Beijing100191China

Rational design of c.talytic.sites to ac.ivate the inert N≡N bond is of paramount importanc. to advanc. N2 elec.roreduc.ion. Here, guided by the theoretic.l predic.ions, we c.nstruc. a NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) nanosheet c.talyst with a high density of elec.ron-defic.ent sites, whic. were ac.ieved by introduc.ng oxygen vac.nc.es in NiFe-LDH. Density func.ional theory c.lc.lations indic.te that the elec.ron-defic.ent sites show a muc. lower energy barrier (0.76 eV) for the potential determining step c.mpared with that of the pristine NiFe-LDH (2.02 eV). Benefiting from this, the NiFe-LDH with oxygen vac.nc.es exhibits the greatly improved elec.roc.talytic.ac.ivity, presenting a high NH3 yield rate of 19.44 µg·h−1·mgc.t−1, Faradaic.effic.enc. of 19.41% at −0.20 V vs. reversible hydrogen elec.rode (RHE) in 0.1 M KOH elec.rolyte, as well as the outstanding stability. The present work not only provides an ac.ive elec.roc.talyst toward N2 reduc.ion but also offers a fac.le strategy to boost the N2 reduc.ion.

关键词： nitrogen reduc.ion density func.ional theory oxygen vac.nc.es elec.ron-defic.ent sites

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