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Non-linear dynamic state-space network modeling for decoding neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1879-1880页

作者： Venkata c.chirumamilla chi Wang Ip martin Reich Robert Peach Jens Volkmann Bahman Nasseroleslami Muthuraman Muthuraman Prenatal Pediatrics Institute Children’s National HospitalWashingtonDCUSA Neural Engineering with Signal Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Department of NeurologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany Academic Unit of Neurology Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinUniversity of DublinDublinIreland

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a pervasive global health challenge,yet therapeutic options remain conspicuously *** disorders are inherently dynamic processes within the central nervous system,unfolding across distinct sub-stages:initial structural neuronal alterations(sub-stage 1),functional impairment(sub-stage 2),and culminating in neuronal death(sub-stage 3).

关键词： alterations impairment dynamic

A modular microfluidic platform to study how fluid shear stress alters estrogen receptor phenotype in ER+breast cancer cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 287-299页

作者： Braulio Andrés Ortega Quesada Jonathan cuccia Rachael coates Blake Nassar Ethan Littlefield Elizabeth c.martin Adam T.Melvin cain Department of chemical Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of chemical and Biological Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department Medicine Section Hematology and Medical OncologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA

Metastatic breast cancer leads to poor prognoses and worse outcomes in patients due to its invasive behavior and poor response to *** is still unclear what biophysical and biochemical factors drive this more aggressive phenotype in metastatic cancer;however recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluid shear stress in the vasculature could cause *** this study a modular microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the magnitude of fluid shear stress(FSS)found in human vasculature was designed and *** device provides a platform to evaluate the effects of FSS on McF-7 cell line,an estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer cell line,during circulation in the *** of the effects of FSS on McF-7 cells was carried out utilizing two approaches:single cell analysis and bulk *** single cell analysis,cells were trapped in a microarray after exiting the serpentine channel and followed by immunostaining on the device(on-chip).Bulk analysis was performed after cells were collected in a microtube at the outlet of the microfluidic serpentine channel for western blotting(off-chip).It was found that cells exposed to an FSS magnitude of 10 dyn/cm^(2) with a residence time of 60 s enhanced expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the McF-7 cell line at a single cell *** understand possible mechanisms for enhanced Ki67 expression,on-chip and off-chip analyses were performed for pro-growth and survival pathways ERK,AKT,and JAK/*** demonstrated that after shearing the cells phosphorylation of p-AKT,p-mTOR,and p-STAT3 were ***,there was no change in p-ERK1/*** is a mediator of ER rapid signaling,analysis of phosphorylated ERαwas carried out and no significant differences between sheared and non-sheared populations were *** together these results demonstrate that FSS can increase phosphorylation of proteins associated with a more aggressive phenotype in circulating cancer *** findin

关键词： fluid breast estrogen

Enhancing 3D Reconstruction Accuracy of FIB Tomography Data Using Multi‑voltage Images and Multimodal Machine Learning

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 48-60页

作者： Trushal Sardhara Alexander Shkurmanov Yong Li Lukas Riedel Shan Shi christian J.cyron Roland c.Aydin martin Ritter Institute for continuum and Material Mechanics Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Electron Microscopy Unit Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Physics and Technology Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Mechanics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany Research Group of Integrated Metallic Nanomaterials Systems Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Material Systems Modeling Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany

FIB-SEM tomography is a powerful technique that integrates a focused ion beam(FIB)and a scanning electron microscope(SEM)to capture high-resolution imaging data of *** approach involves collecting in-plane SEM imagesand using FIB to remove material layers for imaging subsequent planes,thereby producing image ***,theseimage stacks in FIB-SEM tomography are subject to the shine-through effect,which makes structures visible from theposterior regions of the current *** artifact introduces an ambiguity between image intensity and structures in thecurrent plane,making conventional segmentation methods such as thresholding or the k-means algorithm *** study,we propose a multimodal machine learning approach that combines intensity information obtained at differentelectron beam accelerating voltages to improve the three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of *** treatingthe increased shine-through effect at higher accelerating voltages as a form of additional information,the proposed methodsignificantly improves segmentation accuracy and leads to more precise 3D reconstructions for real FIB tomography data.

关键词： Multimodal machine learning Multi-voltage images FIB-SEM Overdeterministic systems 3D reconstruction FIB tomography

Angular unconformity in Pennsylvanian strata from 3-D seismic interpretation,Goldsmith Field,West Texas

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Energy Geoscience

Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 298-303页

作者： edwin I.Egbobawaye Nelly Omoruyi Abdulmutallib Aminu Robert Trentham Mohamed K.Zobaa Sumit Verma Kinder Morgan MidlandTX79705USA Department of Geosciences University of Texas Permian BasinOdessaTX79762USA

The Pennsylvanian unconformity,which is a detrital surface,separates the beds of the Permian-aged strata from the Lower Paleozoic in the central Basin *** data interpretation indicates that the unconformity is an angular unconformity,overlying multiple normal faults,and accompanied with a thrust fault which maximizes the region's structural ***,the Pennsylvanian angular unconformity creates pinch-outs between the beds above and *** computed the spectral decomposition and reflector convergence attributes and analyzed them to characterize the angular unconformity and *** spectral decomposition attribute divides the broadband seismic data into different spectral bands to resolve thin beds and show thickness *** contrast,the reflector convergence attribute highlights the location and direction of the pinch-outs as they dip south at angles between 2and 6.After reviewing findings from RGB blending of the spectrally decomposed frequencies along the Pennsylvanian unconformity,we observed channel-like features and multiple linear bands in addition to the faults and *** can be inferred that the identified linear bands could be the result of different lithologies associated with the tilting of the beds,and the faults may possibly influence hydrocarbon migration or act as a flow barrier to entrap hydrocarbon *** identification of this angular unconformity and the associated features in the study area are vital for the following reasons:1)the unconformity surface represents a natural stratigraphic boundary;2)the stratigraphic pinch-outs act as fluid flow connectivity boundaries;3)the areal extent of compartmentalized reservoirs'boundaries created by the angular unconformity are better defined;and 4)fault displacements are better understood when planning well locations as faults can be flow barriers,or permeability conduits,depending on facies heterogeneity and/or seal effectiveness of a fault,which c

关键词： Pennsylvanian unconformity Seismic data interpretation Spectral decomposition Reflector convergence Reservoir characterization

case Report: carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (cPT II) Deficiency

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 93-101页

作者： Kathy Po Marius chivu edwin Rosas Balpreet Kaur Department of Internal Medicine Saint James School of Medicine The Quarter Anguilla Department of Internal Medicine Medicine at University of Chicago Chicago USA Department of Internal Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Wisconsin USA

carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (cPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in cPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting and the accumulation of the long chain fatty in the body. There are three types of cPT II deficiency, the myopathic form, the severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form and the lethal neonatal form. They are all inherited as an autosomal recessive. Diagnosis of the cPTII are 1) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in adult form and 2) cPTII polymorphism (F352c), which is linked to reducing the activity of cPTII in infantile form [1]. Glucose is the primary management and medium-chain fatty acid is an alternative due to the bypass of the cPTII enzyme in the pathway. For the prevention of cPTII deficiency are to avoid long chain fatty acid (c12-fatty acid), fasting, prolonged exercise, known triggers, and certain medications such as anti-epileptics and general anesthesia. During the rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria attack, it is very important to maintain hydration to avoid acute renal failure. If, however, renal failure occurs, dialysis is recommended. We present a case of a 27-year-old African American woman with the significant past medical history of cPT II deficiency leading to recurrent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Together with all the research studies from diagnosis to treatment of cPTII deficiency will help in clinical management of patients. And this case report will add to the existing case reports of patients who have cPTII deficiency in terms of how we diagnose, how we treat, and how we prevent symptoms from re-occurring.

关键词： carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (cPTII) Mitochondria Long chain Fatty Acid Medium chain Fatty Acid carnitine carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I (cPTI) Acyl-carnitine Beta-Oxidation Rhabdomyolysis Myoglobinuria Renal Failure Hypoketotic Hypoglycemia

Porphyrinic Acceptors forFullerene-Free MolecularPhotovoltaics

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ccS chemistry 2024年第2期6卷 276-296页

作者： Jorge Labella Juan Laforga-martin Tomás Torres Department of Organic chemistry Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid28049 Madrid Institute for Advanced Research in chemical Sciences Universidad Aut´onoma de MadridMadrid IMDEA—Nanociencia 28049 Madrid

Over the past few years,the development of nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)has become a prominent focus in both organic and perovskite solar cell(OScs and PScs,respectively)research *** this context,porphyrinoids,compounds structurally related to porphyrins,have emerged as promising solar cell *** contrast to the widely used fullerene acceptors,porphyrinoids exhibit strong,broad absorption properties across the UV–vis/NIR spectrum,which can be easily tuned through chemical ***,they can be prepared and derivatized using cost-effective and straightforward methodologies,allowing for convenient adjustments in thin-film morphology,processability,supramolecular organization,and energy ***,these compounds offer higher thermal and photochemical stability,resulting in longer device lifetimes compared to their fullerene-based *** this review,we outline the utilization of porphyrinoids as NFAs in OScs and PScs,discussing essential aspects such as design guidelines,molecular properties,and device *** goal is to inspire and further promote the development of n-type porphyrinoids,which have not yet fully unleashed their potential.

关键词： fullerene-free molecular photovoltaics nonfullerene acceptors porphyrinic acceptors n-type porphyrinoids organic and perovskite solar cells

Message from the Best Paper Award committee

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computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 397-397页

作者： Ming c.Lin Baoquan chen Ying He Wenping Wang Kun Zhou Ralph martin Associate Editor-in-chief University of Maryland at college Park USA 不详

Following the success of the past eight years,Tsinghua University Press has continued to sponsor an annual award for the best papers published in computational Visual *** papers in 2023 from computational Visual Media were recommended by Associate Editors as candidate papers for the Best Paper *** Editors-in-chief Ming *** and Ralph martin led the Best Paper Award committee to select the Best *** careful deliberation,the following paper was chosen with the unanimous consensus as the winner.

关键词： Visual Award Message

cO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak martin Hammerschmid Josef Fuchs Stefan Müller Hermann Hofbauer Institute of chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEST–Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies GmbH Graz8010 StyriaAustria

chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of cO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°c goal and mitigate climate *** this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean cO_(2) via combustion of *** commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-economic assessment resulted in cO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tcO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of cO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

关键词： chemical looping combustion BEccS Techno-economic assessment cO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development Synthetic materials Ilmenite

A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton acceleration

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 87-94页

作者： J.Penas A.Bembibre D.cortina-Gil L.martin A.Reija c.Ruiz M.Seimetz A.Alejo J.Benlliure Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Laboratorio Laser de Aceleracion y Aplicaciones RIAIDTUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y Matematicas y Dpto.de Didactica de la Matematica y de las ciencias Experimentales Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular(I3M) CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain

A multi-shot target assembly and automatic alignment procedure for laser–plasma proton acceleration at high repetition rate are *** assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel capable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted on a 3D motorized stage to allow rapid replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser *** automatic alignment procedure consists of a detailed mapping of the impact positions at the target surface prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target,which alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel,enables operation at rates up to 10 *** and continuous laser-driven proton acceleration at 10 Hz is demonstrated,with observed cut-off energy stability about 15%.

关键词： high repetition rate laser-plasma acceleration multi-shot operation proton source target assembly