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Numerical modeling of the effects of roughness on flow.and eddy formation in fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 105-115页

作者： Scott Briggs bryan w. karney Brent E. Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

The effect of roughness on flow.in fractures w.s investigated using lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).Simulations w.re conducted for both statistically generated hypothetical fractures and a natural dolomite fracture. The effect of increasing roughness on effective hydraulic aperture, Izbash and Forchheimer parameters w.th increasing Reynolds number(Re) ranging from 0.01 to 500 w.s examined. The grow.h of complex flow.features, such as eddies arising near the fracture surface, w.s directly associated w.th changes in surface roughness. Rapid eddy grow.h above Re values of 1, follow.d by less rapid grow.h at higher Re values, suggested a three-zone nonlinear model for flow.in rough fractures. This three-zone model, relating effective hydraulic conductivity to Re, w.s also found to be appropriate for the simulation of w.ter flow.in the natural dolomite fracture. Increasing fracture roughness led to greater eddy volumes and low.r effective hydraulic conductivities for the same Re values.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Fracture roughness Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)

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Exploring Variational Auto-encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AI

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 29-45页

作者： Nick bryan-Kinns Bingyuan Zhang Songyan Zhao Berker Banar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Computer Science Department Carleton CollegeNorthfield MN 55057USA

Generative AI models for music and the arts in general are increasingly complex and hard to *** field of ex-plainable AI(XAI)seeks to make complex and opaque AI models such as neural netw.rks more understandable to *** ap-proach to making generative AI models more understandable is to impose a small number of semantically meaningful attributes on gen-erative AI *** paper contributes a systematic examination of the impact that different combinations of variational auto-en-coder models(measureVAE and adversarialVAE),configurations of latent space in the AI model(from 4 to 256 latent dimensions),and training datasets(Irish folk,Turkish folk,classical,and pop)have on music generation performance w.en 2 or 4 meaningful musical at-tributes are imposed on the generative *** date,there have been no systematic comparisons of such models at this level of com-binatorial *** findings show.that measureVAE has better reconstruction performance than adversarialVAE w.ich has better musical attribute *** demonstrate that measureVAE w.s able to generate music across music genres w.th inter-pretable musical dimensions of control,and performs best w.th low.complexity music such as pop and *** recommend that a 32 or 64 latent dimensional space is optimal for 4 regularised dimensions w.en using measureVAE to generate music across *** res-ults are the first detailed comparisons of configurations of state-of-the-art generative AI models for music and can be used to help select and configure AI models,musical features,and datasets for more understandable generation of music.

关键词： Variational auto-encoder explainable AI(XAI) generative music musical features datasets

Development of surrogate-optimization models for a novel transcritical pow.r cycle integrated w.th a small modular reactor

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 15-25页

作者： Yili Zhang Jacob bryan Geordie Richards Hailei w.ng Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Utah State UniversityLoganUT 84322USA

In recent years,various types of surrogate optimization models have been proposed to reduce the computational time and to improve the emulation *** this study,by leveraging an ANN surrogate model developed earlier,a comprehensive and efficient optimization algorithm is conceived for the global optimal design of an integrated regenerative methanol transcritical *** combines a unique converging/diverging classifier model into the surrogate model to form a surrogate-based model,w.ich significantly improves the prediction accuracy of the objective *** binary classifiers are explored and the multi-layer feed-forw.rd(MLF)neural netw.rk classifier is *** addition,w.thin the five global optimizers being explored,the basinhopping(BH)and dual-annealing(DA)are *** optimal surrogate-based model and global optimizers are then combined to form a unique surrogate-optimizer *** surrogate-optimizer model is slightly outperformed by the physics-based model in terms of the optimization results,the time consumption of the surrogate-optimizer model during the optimization searching process is 99%less than that of the physicsbased *** the results,the surrogate-optimizer model is slightly outperformed by the physics-based model in terms of the optimization results,w.ere the Levelized Cost of Energy(LCOE)of the Surrogate-DA and Surrogate-BH models are 77.912 and 78.876$/Mw.,respectively,compared to the 77.190$/Mw. of the Baseline model w.th fairly close penalties betw.en *** the meantime,the time consumption of the surrogate-optimizer model during the optimization searching process is 99%less than that of the physics-based model.

关键词： Surrogate model Optimization Binary classifier model Global optimizer Thermodynamic model Transcritical cycle Small modular reactors

Brain endothelial cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathw.y in aging and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2005-2007页

作者： bryan Sun Lulin Li Jian Luo Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA Polytrauma System of Care VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathw.y has emerged as a key mediator of *** current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAS-STING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial ***,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAS-STING pathw.y in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new.avenues for therapeutic ***,w. review.the multifaceted role of global cGAS-STING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAS-STING in brain endothelial cells.

关键词： stimulator interferon inflammation

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Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic repair of type II, III and IV hiatal hernias: A retrospective study comparing adverse outcomes

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 11-15页

作者： Payton Kooiker Shane Monnett Stephanie Thompson bryan Richmond w.st Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine LewisburgWV24901United States Department of Surgery Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWV25304United States

Objective:Robotic-assisted surgery(RAS)is continuing to expand in use in surgical specialties,including foregut *** available data on its use in large hiatal hernia(HH)repair are limited and *** study sought to determine w.ether there are significant differences in adverse outcomes follow.ng HH repair performed w.th a robotic approach vs.a laparoscopic *** study w.s limited to outcomes in patients w.th type II,III,and IV HHs,as these hernias are typically more challenging to ***:A retrospective analysis w.s performed from data obtained from TriNetX,a large deidentified clinical database,over a 10-year *** patients w.o underw.nt type II,III,or IV HH repair w.re included in the *** w.th robotic repair w.s compared to laparoscopic *** w.re propensity score matched for demographic information and *** ratios,risk differences(RDs)w.th 95%confidence intervals(CIs),and t test for each examined adverse outcome w.re used to estimate the effects of robotic repair *** ***:In total,20,016 patients w.o met the inclusion criteria w.re identified;1,515 patients utilized RAS,and 18,501 used *** to matching,there w.re significant differences in age,sex,comorbidity,and BMI betw.en the tw. *** 1:1 propensity score matching,analyses of 1,514 w.ll-matched patient pairs revealed no significant differences in demographics or *** w.o underw.nt robotic repair w.re more likely to experience major complications,including venous thromboembolism(RD:0.007,95%CI:0.003,0.011;p?0.002),critical care(RD:0.023,95%CI:0.007,0.039;p?0.004),urinary/renal complications(RD:0.027,95%CI:0.014,0.041;pw.s associated w.th a significantly shorter length of stay(32.4±27.5 h vs.35.7±50.1 h,p?0.031),although this finding indicated a reduction in the length of stay of less than 4 *** statist

关键词： Hiatal hernia Robotic-assisted surgery Laparoscopic surgery Adverse outcomes

Structural insight into palladium-nickel clusters over mordenite zeolite for carbene-insertion reaction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 89-99页

作者： Guangchao Li Ping-Luen Baron Ho bryan Kit Yue Ng Tai-Sing w. Paw.l Rymarz Shik Chi Edman Tsang Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Chemistry University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076China

The advancement of heterogeneous catalysts incorporating metal clusters in the nanometric size range has garnered significant attention due to their extraordinary catalytic activity and *** detailed characterization and understanding of the atomic structure of these metal clusters w.thin catalysts is crucial for elucidating the underlying reaction *** the present study,a distinctive three-atom PdNi cluster,characterized by tw. Pd atoms at terminal positions and a central Ni atom,w.s synthesized over mordenite *** presence of atomic PdNi clusters w.thin the eight-membered ring side pocket area w.s confirmed by multiple advanced analytical techniques,including magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,synchrotron X-ray pow.er diffraction,extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy,and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron *** catalytic activity of the confined active species w.s examined by the carbene-mediated reactions of ethyl-2-diazoacetate to ethyl-2-methoxyacetate as a model *** to the Pd-mordenite and Ni-mordenite,the PdNi-mordenite catalyst incorporates a PdNi cluster,w.ich demonstrates a superior performance,achieving 100%conversion and high selectivity under the same reaction *** study elucidates the potential of constructing bimetallic clusters in zeolites,providing valuable insights for developing new.heterogeneous catalysts applicable to a w.de range of catalytic processes.

关键词： zeolite metal cluster synchrotron X-ray diffraction carbene-mediated reaction

Association of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) w.th Factors Related to Maternal Health and Pregnancy in New.orns in Puerto Rico

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 19-31页

作者： Yamixa Delgado Caliani Gaytan Naydi Perez Eric Miranda bryan Colón Morales Mónica Santos Biochemistry&Pharmacology Department San Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguas00726Puerto Rico Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico Department of Internal Medicine University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico

Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tional,and gestational maternal diabetes,and their potential impact on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal ***:Using the comprehensive System of Vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,w. conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed w.th CHD betw.en 2016 and *** assessment encompassed a range of variables,including maternal age,gestational age,BMI,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of ***:A cohort of 673 patients w.s included in our *** average maternal age w.s 26 years,w.thin a range of 22 to 32 *** mean gestational age measured 39 w.eks,w.th a median span of 38 to 39 *** the 673 patients,274(41%)mothers gave birth to neonates diagnosed w.th *** this group,22 cases w.re linked to pre-gestational diabetes,w.ile 202 w.re not;20 instances w.re associated w.th gestational diabetes,compared to 200 w.thout;and 148 cases exhibited an overw.ight or obese BMI,w.ereas 126 displayed a normal ***:w. identiﬁed a statistically signiﬁcant correlation betw.en pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of ***,our analysis did not show.a statistically signiﬁcant association betw.en maternal BMI and the likelihood of *** results may aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and manage CHD in neonates.

关键词： Congenital heart defects(CHD) obesisty maternal health diabetes body mass index(BMI)

Geographies of Chemical w.rfare in Vietnam: The Merry Band of Retirees

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第9期14卷 530-536页

作者： bryan R. Higgins State University of New.York Plattsburgh NY USA

This review.explores the recent development of research on rainbow.herbicides as chemical w.apons and the geographies of chemical w.rfare in w.at is now.the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. w.ile the use and impacts of Agent Orange have previously been w.ll documented, the production and extensive application of five other rainbow.agents by the United States military has only recently been investigated in detail. w.at is exceptional about this research of chemical w.rfare landscapes is that the 23 refereed journal publications in this review.w.re designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective research project by Ken Olson and a Merry Band of Military Retirees. Their groundbreaking research portfolio includes many geographical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical w.rfare. This includes the extensive exposure of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposure of US military personnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposure of civilians near the private industrial sites that produced these rainbow.agents in North America and the hazardous soil contamination that perseveres at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impressive research depth and global scope, this review.explores the unique w.y this research portfolio w.s developed by a Merry Band of Retirees through an interview.w.th its leader, Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical orientation of these military veterans, the political ecology involved, the creative strategies they utilized to produce this innovative research, and how.they changed the w.y Veterans exposed to chemical w.rfare agents are treated by the US government.

关键词： Chemical w.rfare Rainbow.Agents Geography Merry Band of Retirees Political Ecology

INCIPIENT MOTION OF NON-COHESIVE SEDIMENT UNDER ICE COVER-AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第1期20卷 117-124页

作者： w.NG Jun SUI Jue-yi karney bryan w. School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China Environmental Science and Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British ColumbiaBritish Columbia Canada V2N 4Z9 Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 1A4

Based on a series of experiments under both ice-covered and free surface conditions, the present article discusses the role of flow.velocity and critical shear Reynolds number for incipient motion of bed material. The influence of the resistance coefficients of both the underside of the ice cover and the channel bed on the location of the maximum velocity has been discussed. In addition, the impacts of ice and composite resistance coefficients on flow.velocity for incipient motion of bed material have been assessed. The diagram describing the critical shear Reynolds number and the dimensionless shear stress for the incipient motion of sediment under ice covered conditions w.th different under cover resistance coefficient has been established. The effects of grain size on densimetric Froude number for incipient motion of bed material have been investigated. A relationship betw.en the densimetric Froude number for incipient motion of bed material and the median grain size of bed material as w.ll as the roughness coefficient of channel bed and roughness coefficient of ice cover has been established.

关键词： densimetric Froude number grain size ice cover incipient motion resistance coefficient shear Reynolds number,velocity

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