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exploring variational Auto-encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music explainable AI

Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 29-45页

作者： Nick bryan-Kinns Bingyuan Zhang Songyan Zhao Berker Banar School of electronic engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Computer Science Department Carleton CollegeNorthfield MN 55057USA

Generative AI models for music and the arts in general are increasingly complex and hard to *** field of ex-plainable AI(XAI)seeks to make complex and opaque AI models such as neural networks more understandable to *** ap-proach to making generative AI models more understandable is to impose a small number of semantically meaningful attributes on gen-erative AI *** paper contributes a systematic examination of the impact that different combinations of variational auto-en-coder models(measurevAe and adversarialvAe),configurations of latent space in the AI model(from 4 to 256 latent dimensions),and training datasets(Irish folk,Turkish folk,classical,and pop)have on music generation performance when 2 or 4 meaningful musical at-tributes are imposed on the generative *** date,there have been no systematic comparisons of such models at this level of com-binatorial *** findings show that measurevAe has better reconstruction performance than adversarialvAe which has better musical attribute *** demonstrate that measurevAe was able to generate music across music genres with inter-pretable musical dimensions of control,and performs best with low complexity music such as pop and *** recommend that a 32 or 64 latent dimensional space is optimal for 4 regularised dimensions when using measurevAe to generate music across *** res-ults are the first detailed comparisons of configurations of state-of-the-art generative AI models for music and can be used to help select and configure AI models,musical features,and datasets for more understandable generation of music.

关键词： variational auto-encoder explainable AI(XAI) generative music musical features datasets

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Brain endothelial cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway in aging and neurodegeneration

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2005-2007页

作者： bryan Sun Lulin Li Jian Luo Palo Alto veterans Institute for Research VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA Polytrauma System of Care VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of *** current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAS-STING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial ***,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAS-STING pathway in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new avenues for therapeutic ***,we review the multifaceted role of global cGAS-STING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAS-STING in brain endothelial cells.

关键词： stimulator interferon inflammation

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Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic repair of type II, III and Iv hiatal hernias: A retrospective study comparing adverse outcomes

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Laparoscopic, endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 11-15页

作者： Payton Kooiker Shane Monnett Stephanie Thompson bryan Richmond West virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine LewisburgWV24901United States Department of Surgery Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWV25304United States

Objective:Robotic-assisted surgery(RAS)is continuing to expand in use in surgical specialties,including foregut *** available data on its use in large hiatal hernia(HH)repair are limited and *** study sought to determine whether there are significant differences in adverse outcomes following HH repair performed with a robotic approach vs.a laparoscopic *** study was limited to outcomes in patients with type II,III,and Iv HHs,as these hernias are typically more challenging to ***:A retrospective analysis was performed from data obtained from TrinetX,a large deidentified clinical database,over a 10-year *** patients who underwent type II,III,or Iv HH repair were included in the *** with robotic repair was compared to laparoscopic *** were propensity score matched for demographic information and *** ratios,risk differences(RDs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs),and t test for each examined adverse outcome were used to estimate the effects of robotic repair *** ***:In total,20,016 patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified;1,515 patients utilized RAS,and 18,501 used *** to matching,there were significant differences in age,sex,comorbidity,and BMI between the two *** 1:1 propensity score matching,analyses of 1,514 well-matched patient pairs revealed no significant differences in demographics or *** who underwent robotic repair were more likely to experience major complications,including venous thromboembolism(RD:0.007,95%CI:0.003,0.011;p?0.002),critical care(RD:0.023,95%CI:0.007,0.039;p?0.004),urinary/renal complications(RD:0.027,95%CI:0.014,0.041;pespiratory complications(RD:0.046,95%CI:0.028,0.064;ped with a significantly shorter length of stay(32.4±27.5 h vs.35.7±50.1 h,p?0.031),although this finding indicated a reduction in the length of stay of less than 4 *** statist

关键词： Hiatal hernia Robotic-assisted surgery Laparoscopic surgery Adverse outcomes

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Structural insight into palladium-nickel clusters over mordenite zeolite for carbene-insertion reaction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2024年第9期18卷 89-99页

作者： Guangchao Li Ping-Luen Baron Ho bryan Kit Yue Ng Tai-Sing Wu Pawel Rymarz Shik Chi edman Tsang Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Chemistry University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076China

The advancement of heterogeneous catalysts incorporating metal clusters in the nanometric size range has garnered significant attention due to their extraordinary catalytic activity and *** detailed characterization and understanding of the atomic structure of these metal clusters within catalysts is crucial for elucidating the underlying reaction *** the present study,a distinctive three-atom PdNi cluster,characterized by two Pd atoms at terminal positions and a central Ni atom,was synthesized over mordenite *** presence of atomic PdNi clusters within the eight-membered ring side pocket area was confirmed by multiple advanced analytical techniques,including magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction,extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy,and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron *** catalytic activity of the confined active species was examined by the carbene-mediated reactions of ethyl-2-diazoacetate to ethyl-2-methoxyacetate as a model *** to the Pd-mordenite and Ni-mordenite,the PdNi-mordenite catalyst incorporates a PdNi cluster,which demonstrates a superior performance,achieving 100%conversion and high selectivity under the same reaction *** study elucidates the potential of constructing bimetallic clusters in zeolites,providing valuable insights for developing new heterogeneous catalysts applicable to a wide range of catalytic processes.

关键词： zeolite metal cluster synchrotron X-ray diffraction carbene-mediated reaction

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Association of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) with Factors Related to Maternal Health and Pregnancy in newborns in Puerto Rico

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 19-31页

作者： Yamixa Delgado Caliani Gaytan Naydi Perez eric Miranda bryan Colón Morales Mónica Santos Biochemistry&Pharmacology Department San Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguas00726Puerto Rico Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico Department of Internal Medicine University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico

Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tional,and gestational maternal diabetes,and their potential impact on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal ***:Using the comprehensive System of vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and *** assessment encompassed a range of variables,including maternal age,gestational age,BMI,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of ***:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our *** average maternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 *** mean gestational age measured 39 weeks,with a median span of 38 to 39 *** the 673 patients,274(41%)mothers gave birth to neonates diagnosed with *** this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diabetes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diabetes,compared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhibited an overweight or obese BMI,whereas 126 displayed a normal ***:We identiﬁed a statistically signiﬁcant correlation between pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of ***,our analysis did not show a statistically signiﬁcant association between maternal BMI and the likelihood of *** results may aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and manage CHD in neonates.

关键词： Congenital heart defects(CHD) obesisty maternal health diabetes body mass index(BMI)

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Geographies of Chemical Warfare in vietnam: The Merry Band of Retirees

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第9期14卷 530-536页

作者： bryan R. Higgins State University of new York Plattsburgh NY USA

This review explores the recent development of research on rainbow herbicides as chemical weapons and the geographies of chemical warfare in what is now the Socialist Republic of vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Orange have previously been well documented, the production and extensive application of five other rainbow agents by the United States military has only recently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this research of chemical warfare landscapes is that the 23 refereed journal publications in this review were designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective research project by Ken Olson and a Merry Band of Military Retirees. Their groundbreaking research portfolio includes many geographical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical warfare. This includes the extensive exposure of civilians in vietnam to these chemical agents, exposure of US military personnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposure of civilians near the private industrial sites that produced these rainbow agents in North America and the hazardous soil contamination that perseveres at these sites in vietnam and the US. Given this impressive research depth and global scope, this review explores the unique way this research portfolio was developed by a Merry Band of Retirees through an interview with its leader, Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical orientation of these military veterans, the political ecology involved, the creative strategies they utilized to produce this innovative research, and how they changed the way veterans exposed to chemical warfare agents are treated by the US government.

关键词： Chemical Warfare Rainbow Agents Geography Merry Band of Retirees Political ecology

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Surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 for photocatalytic CO_(2) conversion with high selectivity over CH_(4) formation at the solid–gas interface

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Carbon energy 2024年第1期6卷 182-196页

作者： Chaitanya B.Hiragond Sohag Biswas Niket SPowar Junho Lee eunhee Gong Hwapyong Kim Hong Soo Kim Jin-Woo Jung Chang-Hee Cho bryan M.Wong Su-Il In Department of energy Science&engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical&environmental engineering Materials Science&Engineering ProgramDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Physics and Chemistry Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea NiceScience Corporation DaeguRepublic of Korea

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) reduction to solar fuels.A surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 photocatalyst with H_(2)O_(2) treatment was designed in this study to convert CO_(2) and H_(2)O vapor into highly selective *** doping followed by Ag nanoparticles(NPs)cocatalyst deposition on P25(TiO_(2))enhances visible light absorption and charge separation,whereas H_(2)O_(2) treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl(–OH)groups and promotes CO_(2) ***-resonance transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst,while thermogravimetric analysis,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H_(2)O_(2) treatment in increasing CO_(2) reduction *** optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0-P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO_(2) reduction activity into CO,CH4,and C2H6 with a~95%selectivity of CH4,where the activity was~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(P25).For the first time,this work explored the effect of H_(2)O_(2) treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO_(2) reduction activity.

关键词： gas-phase CO_(2) reduction H_(2)O_(2) treatment plasmonic nanoparticles solar fuel photocatalyst surface modification

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Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Phlomoides(Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae)in China:Insights from molecular and morphological data

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 462-475页

作者： Yue Zhao Ya-Ping Chen bryan T.Drew Fei Zhao Maryam Almasi Orzimat T.Turginov Jin-Fei Xiao Abdul G.Karimi Yasaman Salmaki Xiang-Qin Yu Chun-Lei Xiang CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Ministry of education Key Laboratory of ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau&Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010000Inner MongoliaChina Department of Biology University of Nebraska at KearneyKearneyNE 68849USA CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu Institute of BiologyChengdu 610042SichuanChina Center of excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms Department of Plant ScienceCollege of ScienceUniversity of TehranP.O.Box 14155-6455TehranIran Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkent 100047Uzbekistan Faculty of Biology Department of Botany and Plant PhysiologyNational University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo UlugbekTashkent 100174Uzbekistan Faculty of Pharmacy Kabul University1006 KabulAfghanistan

Phlomoides,with 150-170 species,is the second largest and perhaps most taxonomically challenging genus within the subfamily Lamioideae(Lamiaceae).With about 60 species,China is one of three major biodiversity centers of *** some Phlomoides species from China have been included in previous molecular phylogenetic studies,a robust and broad phylogeny of this lineage has yet to be ***,given the myriad new additions to the genus,the existing infrageneric classification needs to be evaluated and ***,we combine molecular and morphological data to investigate relationships within Phlomoides,with a focus on Chinese *** observed that plastid DNA sequences can resolve relationships within Phlomoides better than nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions(nrITS and nreTS).Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of Phlomoides,but most previously defined infrageneric groups are not *** addition,morphological analysis demonstrates the significant taxonomic value of eight characters to the *** on our molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological data,we establish a novel section Notochaete within Phlomoides,and propose three new combinations as well as three new *** study presents the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of Phlomoides in which taxa representative of the entire genus are included,and highlights the phylogenetic and taxonomic value of several morphological characters from species of Phlomoides from *** study suggests that a taxonomic revision and reclassification for the entire genus is necessary in the future.

关键词： Lamioideae Molecular phylogenetics Morphology Phlomideae Taxonomy

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Mid-term survival of the Optimys short stem: A prospective case series of 500 patients

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 257-265页

作者： bryan Hamans Sheryl de Waard Sjoerd Kaarsemaker esther R C Janssen Inger N Sierevelt Gino M M J Kerkhoffs Daniël Haverkamp Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Xpert ClinicAmsterdam 1101EANetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands esther R C Janssen Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryViecuri Medisch CentrumVenlo 5912 BLNetherlands Centre for Orthopaedic Research Spaarne ZiekenhuisHoofddorp 2134 TMNetherlands Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Amsterdam UMC-Location AMCAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery Xpert Orthopedic Surgery ClinicAmsterdam 1101 EANetherlands

BACKGROUND In recent years,there has been an increase in the number of total hip arthroplasty procedures in the younger patient *** active group has higher expectations of their prosthesis in comparison to the older population,and there is a greater physical demand for the *** femoral stems were in-troduced to retain proximal bone stock and joint biomechanics and became more common to implant in this specific ***,the long-term survival and functional outcomes of various short stems are still being investigated in different *** To determine the 5-year survival of the Optimys hip *** This was a prospective multicenter cohort study of 500 patients conducted in two hospitals in the *** patients received the Optimys short stem(Mathys Ltd,Bettlach,Switzerland).The primary outcome measure was survival of the hip stem,with revision as the *** secondary outcome measurements included patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs).Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the 5-year survival ***-minus-log transformation was performed to calculate the 95%confidence interval(95%CI).Mixed model analyses were performed to assess the course of the PROMs during the 1st 2 years after *** were modeled separately for the 1st and 2nd years to calculate the yearly change in PROMs during both follow-up periods with accompanying 95%*** The mean age of the total 500 patients was 62.3 years(standard deviation:10.6)and 202 were male(40%).At a median follow-up of 5.5 years(interquartile range:4.5-6.7),7 patients were deceased and 6 revisions were registered,for infection(n=3),subsidence(n=2)and malposition(n=1).This resulted in an overall 5-year survival of 98.8%(95%CI:97.3-99.5).If infection was left out as reason for revision,a stem survival of 99.4%(95%CI:98.1-99.8)was *** questionnaires were completed by 471 patients(94%),317 patients(63%)completed the 1-year follow-up questionna

关键词： Total hip arthroplasty Femoral stem Short stem Optimys Survival 5-year survival Revision PROMs

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Will artificial intelligence widen the therapeutic gap between children and adults?

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： Matthew Nagy bryan Sisk Albert Lai eric Kodish Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Medicine Bioethics Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Institute for Informatics Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Cleveland Clinic Children’sClevelandOhioUSA

The impending rise of artificial intelligence(AI)-powered healthcare offers exciting hope for improved care and outcomes in children with serious illnesses.1 The historical precedent in healthcare,however,suggests that advancements in adult care do not necessarily result in proportional progress in *** disparity was first noted in the mid-20th century when tragedies that involved drugs with well-studied and known adult safety profiles,such as sulfonamide elixir and thalidomide,resulted in harm to children due to limited pediatric clinical trial inclusion.2 As a result,legislation in 1962 required drug companies to include package labels that restricted or dissuaded the use of medications in children that were not properly studied in this population.2 Subsequently,physicians became reluctant to prescribe many medications,and pharmaceutical companies had little incentive to enroll children in trials as an unfavorable result could negatively impact sales in the adult market,and a successful outcome would only marginally increase the market pool.3 This lack of access led *** Shirkey to describe children as"therapeutic orphans"in 1968.2 After more than half a century of legislation aimed at increasing pediatric representation in research and drug development(Figure 1),enrollment of children in clinical trials remains disproportionately low,4 with children included in as few as 12%of trials for diseases with a burden equal to,or greater in,the pediatric versus adult population.

关键词： companies Figure properly

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