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Assessing disease activity using the pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index:Can we use subjective or objective parameters alone?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第30期27卷 5100-5111页

作者： Amy Grant Trudy Lerer Anne M griffiths Js Hyams Anthony Otley Division of Pediatrics IWK HealthHalifaxNS B3K6R8Canada Division of Research Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCT 06106United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G1X8Canada Division of Gastroenterology Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCT 06106United States Division of Pediatrics Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H4C3Canada

BACKGROUND The pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index(PCDAI)is used as a standard tool to assess disease activity in clinical trials for pediatric Crohn’s *** To examine which items on the PCDAI drive assessment of disease activity,and how subgroups of subjective and objective items reflect change in disease state over *** selective raw data from three prospectively collected datasets were combined,including 703 children with full PCDAI data at baseline,at 3-mo(Q1,n=670),and 1-year(Q4,n=474).Change in individual PCDAI scores from baseline to Q1 and to Q4 were examined using the non-weighted *** Abdominal pain,well-being,weight,and stooling had the highest change scores over *** indicators including albumin,abdominal exam,and height velocity *** scores for well-being and abdominal exam did not explain significant variance at Q1 but were significant predictors at Q4(Psubjective and objective subgroups of items predicted less variance(18%and 22%)on total PCDAI scores at Q1 and Q4 compared to the full PCDAI,or a composite scale(both 32%)containing significant *** Although subjective items on the PCDAI change the most over time,the full PCDAI or a smaller composite of items including a combination of subjective and objective components classifies disease activity better than a subgroup of either subjective or objective items *** on subjective or objective items as stand-alone proxies for disease activity measurement could result in misclassification of disease state.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index Patient reported outcome measurement Disease activity Clinical trials Pediatric

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EFFECTs OF RIVER ICE ON sTAGE-DIsCHARGE RELATIONsHIPs——A CAsE sTUDY OF THE YELLOW RIVER

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International Journal of sediment Research 2007年第4期22卷 263-272页

作者： Ronald THRING bryan W. KARNEY Prof. Environmental Engineering University of Northern British Columbia 3333 University Way Prince George BC Canada V2N 4Z9 Prof. Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto 35 St. George Street Toronto ON Canada M5S 1A4

Using field observations at four gauging stations along the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River in China, this paper explores effects of the ice on the hydraulics of this river reach for four different conditions, namely: under open channel flow, during ice-running period, the ice-covered period, and the river break-up period. The rating curves were found to be well recognized under open channel situations, but were sometimes poorly defined and extremely variable under ice conditions. The results also show that the water level is insensitive to flowing ice prior to freeze-up. However, significant, but hardly surprising, variations were observed during ice-covered conditions. The rating curves for both the ice covered condition and river ice breakup period are developed and some related hydraulic issues are examined. Additionally, the impacts of the ice accumulation and associated riverbed deformation during ice period on the rating curves are discussed.

关键词： Ice-running period Ice covered period Rating curve Riverbed deformation River ice break-up

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Practical guide to improving diagnostic sensitivity of bile duct brushings

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第4期20卷 396-399页

作者： Ioannis C Varbobitis Jonathan C Booth Cameron L griffiths Nishchay Chandra Department of Gastroenterology Royal Berkshire HospitalReading RG15ANUK

Despite recent advances in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) endoscopy,pancreatobiliary (PB) tract brushing remains the first diagnostic approach in cases of indeterminate PB *** accurate cytological diagnosis is critical to establishing an early and definite diagnosis before proceeding to aggressive chemotherapy regimens or major operations like a Whipple’s procedure.

关键词： diagnosis chemotherapy regimen

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Advances in active fire detection using a multi-temporal method for next-generation geostationary satellite data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第9期12卷 1030-1045页

作者： bryan Hally Luke Wallace Karin Reinke simon Jones Andrew skidmore school of science RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre MelbourneAustralia Faculty for Geo-Information science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeNetherlands Department of Environmental science Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia

A vital component of fire detection from remote sensors is the accurateestimation of the background temperature of an area in fire’s absence,assisting in identification and attribution of fire activity. Newgeostationary sensors increase the data available to describebackground temperature in the temporal domain. Broad area methodsto extract the expected diurnal cycle of a pixel using this temporally richdata have shown potential for use in fire detection. This paper describesan application of a method for priming diurnal temperature fitting ofimagery from the Advanced Himawari Imager. The BAT method is usedto provide training data for temperature fitting of target pixels, to whichthresholds are applied to detect thermal anomalies in 4 μm imageryover part of Australia. Results show the method detects positive thermalanomalies with respect to the diurnal model in up to 99% of caseswhere fires are also detected by Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite activefire products. In absence of LEO active fire detection, but where aburned area product recorded fire-induced change, this method alsodetected anomalous activity in up to 75% of cases. Potentialimprovements in detection time of up to 6 h over LEO products are alsodemonstrated.

关键词： Fire detection diurnal variation geostationary sensors broad area training advanced himawari imager

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Numerical modeling of the effects of roughness on flow and eddy formation in fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 105-115页

作者： scott Briggs bryan W. Karney Brent E. sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

The effect of roughness on flow in fractures was investigated using lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).simulations were conducted for both statistically generated hypothetical fractures and a natural dolomite fracture. The effect of increasing roughness on effective hydraulic aperture, Izbash and Forchheimer parameters with increasing Reynolds number(Re) ranging from 0.01 to 500 was examined. The growth of complex flow features, such as eddies arising near the fracture surface, was directly associated with changes in surface roughness. Rapid eddy growth above Re values of 1, followed by less rapid growth at higher Re values, suggested a three-zone nonlinear model for flow in rough fractures. This three-zone model, relating effective hydraulic conductivity to Re, was also found to be appropriate for the simulation of water flow in the natural dolomite fracture. Increasing fracture roughness led to greater eddy volumes and lower effective hydraulic conductivities for the same Re values.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Fracture roughness Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)

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Bowland shale well placement strategy-Part 2:Fracture simulations using a 3D geomechanical model and implications for stratigraphic and spatial horizontal well locations

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第3期3卷 235-254页

作者： Iain de Jonge-Anderson Jingsheng Ma Xiaoyang Wu Dorrik stow David griffiths Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering(IGE) School of EnergyGeoscienceInfrastructure&SocietyHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK British Geological survey The Lyell CentreResearch Avenue SouthEdinburghEH144APUK Penrhyn Exploration UK

Hydraulic fracture modelling is a key component of a shale reservoir well placement strategy as it provides an indication of the typical lengths and heights of stimulated fractures and of the changes to the stress environment in which these are ***,spatial and stratigraphic variations in the stress and geomechanical properties of shales make accurate modelling a challenging *** the UK Bowland shale,stacked horizontal wells targeting multiple stratigraphic intervals could be used to avoid large offset faults in a geologically complex ***,it is not known how these intervals may respond to hydraulic fracturing and predicting the height and length of hydraulic fractures is necessary in order to assess the likelihood of vertical fracture interference across landing zones or propagation towards major *** the case of the former,intervals of high effective stress may be key to containing fractures within their desired *** a planar hydraulic fracture simulator,and a 3D geomechanical model incorporating dipping stratigraphy,the issue of predicting hydraulic fracture geometry in the Bowland shale was assessed through a series of modelling exercises using well Preese Hall-1 and horizontal *** pre-defined landing zones were targeted,narrow and long transverse fractures around 1 km from the well were *** the simulation design mimicked perforation clusters placed at 12 m intervals along horizontal pseudo-wells,the effects of stress shadowing were acute and resulted in irregular fracture ***,high effective stress intervals performed efficiently as barriers to vertical hydraulic fracture propagation,reinforcing the feasibility of using stacked production for the Bowland *** modelling results were then used to discuss the possible placement of horizontal wells in a mapped,100 km2 region around well Preese Hall-1,where up to 13 sites could be positioned,with a horizontal well length of aroun

关键词： Bowland shale Hydraulic fracturing Geomechanics Fracture simulation Well placement

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Inferring community transmission of sARs-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom using the ONs COVID-19 Infection survey

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 299-313页

作者： Ruth McCabe Gabriel Danelian Jasmina Panovska-griffiths Christl A.Donnelly Department of statistics University of OxfordUK National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections UK United Kingdom Health security Agency UK The Queen's College University of OxfordUK The Pandemic sciences Institute University of OxfordUK MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Imperial College LondonUK

Key epidemiological parameters,including the effective reproduction number,,and the instantaneous growth rate,,generated from an ensemble of models,have been informing public health policy throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in the four nations of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(UK).However,estimation of these quantities became challenging with the scaling down of surveillance systems as part of the transition from the“emergency”to“endemic”phase of the *** Office for National statistics(ONs)COVID-19 Infection survey(CIs)provided an opportunity to continue estimating these parameters in the absence of other data *** used a penalised spline model fitted to the publicly-available ONs CIs test positivity estimates to produce a smoothed estimate of the prevalence of sARs-CoV-2 positivity over *** resulting fitted curve was used to estimate the“ONs-based”and across the four nations of the *** produced under this model are compared to government-published estimates with particular consideration given to the contribution that this single data stream can offer in the estimation of these *** on the nation and parameter,we found that up to 77%of the variance in the government-published estimates can be explained by the ONs-based estimates,demonstrating the value of this singular data stream to track the epidemic in each of the four *** additionally find that the ONs-based estimates uncover epidemic trends earlier than the corresponding government-published *** work shows that the ONs CIs can be used to generate key COVID-19 epidemiological parameters across the four UK nations,further underlining the enormous value of such population-level studies of *** is not intended as an alternative to ensemble modelling,rather it is intended as a potential solution to the aforementioned challenge faced by public health officials in the UK in early 2022.

关键词： Effective reproduction number Instantaneous growth rate sARs-CoV-2 COVID-19 ONs COVID-19 Infection survey surveillance

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Leveraging generative adversarial networks to create realistic scanning transmission electron microscopy images

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1492-1500页

作者： Abid Khan Chia-Hao Lee Pinshane Y.Huang bryan K.Clark Department of Physics University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Materials science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Institute for Condensed Matter Theory and IQUIsT and NCsA Center for Artificial Intelligence Innovation University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

The rise of automation and machine learning(ML)in electron microscopy has the potential to revolutionize materials research through autonomous data collection and processing.A significant challenge lies in developing ML models that rapidly generalize to large data sets under varying experimental *** address this by employing a cycle generative adversarial network(CycleGAN)with a reciprocal space discriminator,which augments simulated data with realistic spatial frequency *** allows the CycleGAN to generate images nearly indistinguishable from real data and provide labels for ML *** showcase our approach by training a fully convolutional network(FCN)to identify single atom defects in a 4.5 million atom data set,collected using automated acquisition in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope(sTEM).Our method produces adaptable FCNs that can adjust to dynamically changing experimental variables with minimal intervention,marking a crucial step towards fully autonomous harnessing of microscopy big data.

关键词： autonomous adjust network

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The effect of milling additives on powder properties and sintered body microstructure of NiO

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2015年第2期4卷 142-151页

作者： L.Jay DEINER Michael A.ROTTMAYER bryan C.EIGENBRODT Department of Chemistry New York City College of TechnologyCity University of New York300 Jay St.BrooklynNY 11201USA The Air Force Research Labs Wright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA Department of Chemistry Villanova University800 E.Lancaster Ave.VillanovaPA 19085USA

The evolution of powder particle size,crystal structure,and surface chemistry was evaluated for micron scale NiO powders subjected to impact milling with commonly employed milling additives:methanol,Vertrel XF,and amorphous *** effect of the different comminution protocols on sintered body microstructure was evaluated for high temperature sintering in inert atmosphere(N_(2)).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that NiO powder surface chemistry is surprisingly sensitive to milling additive *** particular,the proportion of powder surface defect sites varied with additive,and methanol left an alcohol or alkoxy residue even after *** sintering to intermediate temperatures(1100℃),scanning electron microscopy(sEM)showed that slurry milled NiO powders exhibit hindered sintering *** effect was amplified for NiO milled with methanol,in which sub-500 nm grain sizes dominated even after sintering to 1100℃.Upon heating to high temperatures(1500℃),simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis(DsC/TGA)showed that the powders containing carbon residues undergo carbothermal reduction,resulting in a melting transition between 1425 and 1454℃.Taken together,the results demonstrated that when processing metal oxide powders for advanced ceramics,the choice of milling additive is crucial as it exerts significant control over sintered body microstructure.

关键词： nickel oxide impact milling sintering densification grain growth

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Design and Implementation of a Computer Vision-based system for the Estimation of Fermentation Degree in Industrial Bread Production

Design and Implementation of a Computer Vision-based System ...

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作者： bryan Gilbert Murengami 福建农林大学

学位级别：硕士

面包是世界各地日常食物消费的主要组成部分。在面包生产过程中,发酵阶段显著影响面包的质量、口味、质地发展和保质期。因此,判断发酵程度已成为面包制作过程中的一项重要实践。传统上,工作人员将盛放面包的手推车推入醒发室,评估面团... 详细信息

面包是世界各地日常食物消费的主要组成部分。在面包生产过程中,发酵阶段显著影响面包的质量、口味、质地发展和保质期。因此,判断发酵程度已成为面包制作过程中的一项重要实践。传统上,工作人员将盛放面包的手推车推入醒发室,评估面团的发酵阶段,并估计最佳结束发酵阶段的时间。利用这种方法需要工作人员的经验丰富、直觉敏锐和大量的时间投入,因此是一种耗时、劳动密集且成本高昂的方法。此外,生理因素的主观性很容易影响评估结果,导致结果不一致。研究的第一部分涉及设计一种面包发酵机,解决小规模生产设施中遇到的两个主要挑战。第一个挑战是有限的空间,通常导致面包推车过度拥挤。第二个挑战是工厂技术人员需要体力推动面包推车进出发酵室。这些过度体力劳作可能会对他们的认知能力产生不利影响,损害他们的决策能力和判断力。因此,这可能导致错误,最终影响到生产出劣质的面包。为了解决这些问题,拟议的面包机结合了能够定位面包车的传感器,同时采用了一个由PLC控制的气缸挂钩机制来移动面包车。该机器的关键部件经过了有限元分析,便于进行必要的优化调整。最终的设计代表了一种简单的、高能效、经济实惠的面包机。本研究的后续内容主要是利用深度学习框架YOLOv5开发一个面团品种检测模型。原始的YOLOv5s模型并不包含本研究中所利用的特定图像。因此,需要在自定义数据集上对模型进行训练,并利用Mix-up算法提高其检测精度。构建这个模型的主要原因有两个关键因素。首先,每种面团品种都需要一个专用模型来识别具有不同发酵特征的多个面团品种。这有助于在监测过程中部署相应的模型来估计发酵程度。其次,我们的目的在于利用YOLOv5模型提取已识别面包样本的边界框坐标。这些坐标可作为所采用的分割模型,即sAM模型的输入。我们模型的训练过程涉及利用六个不同的面团品种,包括椭圆形、百吉饼、泡芙、圆形、豆形和佛卡夏。通过这些改进,我们的模型达到了95.5%的平均精确度(m AP)。这项研究的第三个方面侧重于设计和开发一个估计发酵程度的系统。该系统包括图像采集、预处理、分割、特征提取和图像分类等阶段。图像经过采集后,使用中值滤波器进行滤波,分割过程采用sAM方法。进一步对分割后的图像应用自适应直方图均衡化(AHE)进行增强处理。从图像中提取了基于图像的定量特征,如面积、体积和面积扩展率,构建用于估计发酵程度的分类模型。值得注意的是,发酵程度和膨胀率之间存在相关性,表明面包中的酶活性。此外,利用GLCM算法提取了七个纹理特征。灰度级的归一化值与发酵程度之间存在相关性。采用多层感知机(MLP)神经网络构建了模型,输入包括发酵时间、面积、膨胀率、体积、对比度、能量、相关性、均匀性、方差、角二阶矩(AsM)和差异性。MLP的结构包括一个具有八个神经元的隐藏层和三个输出层,表示未发酵、发酵和过发酵的类别。在训练和验证过程中,该模型分别达到了高达98%和97%的准确率。本研究的最后一部分着重于将面包机的机械结构、面包品种识别系统和发酵程度估计模型进行集成。通过开发一个桌面应用程序来实现这种集成。该软件专门基于.NET平台,使用C#编程语言进行开发。创建了一个视觉上吸引人的用户界面,注重用户友好性。该软件在工业控制计算机上运行,与PLC实现无缝通信。PLC控制面包机并从各种传感器收集数据。面包机在实际的工业环境中进行了测试,并获得了90.5%的准确率。系统的整体性能被认为是令人满意的,实现了对面包发酵过程的自动化和智能控制。

关键词：面包发酵计算机视觉 YOLOv5s MLP神经网络

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