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Crystal structure of HLA-B＊5801, a protective HLA allele for HIV-1 infection

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Protein & Cell 2016年第10期7卷 761-765页

作者： Xiaolong Li Pedro A. Lamothe Robert Ng Shutong Xu Maikun Teng bruce d. walker Jia-huai wang School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Biology Dana- Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 USA Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard University Boston MA 02139 USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy Chase MD 20815 USA department of Pediatrics and department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA Present address: Biomarin Pharmaceutical 790 Lincoln Ave San Rafael CA 94901 USA

Conquering the AIdS epidemic remains one of the most challenging global health issues. despite impressive advances in combination antiretroviral therapy （cART） to treat HIV, and substantial progress in the developme... 详细信息

关键词： Major Histocompatibility Complex Human Leukocyte Antigen Human Leukocyte Antigen Class Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule Human Leukocyte Antigen Allele

中国人类免疫缺陷病毒-1感染者细胞毒性T淋巴细胞特异性应答

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中华传染病杂志 2006年第4期24卷 265-269页

作者：翟嵩康文臻于旭李新红庄严 bruce d.walker Marcus Altfeld 孙永涛第四军医大学唐都医院全军感染病诊疗中心西安710038 哈佛大学医学院麻省总院艾滋病研究中心

目的探讨中国人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIdS)患者HIV特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)应答的特征。方法以HIV-1B、C亚型构建的2个全基因组肽库作为抗原,通过酶联免疫斑点(ELISPOT)法检测HIV/AIdS患者HIV特异性CTL应答。结果无论HIV-1... 详细信息

目的探讨中国人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIdS)患者HIV特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)应答的特征。方法以HIV-1B、C亚型构建的2个全基因组肽库作为抗原,通过酶联免疫斑点(ELISPOT)法检测HIV/AIdS患者HIV特异性CTL应答。结果无论HIV-1B亚型还是HIV-1C亚型所构建肽库的应答效应和频率主要集中在Gag和Nef蛋白,其他蛋白也有不同程度的应答。HIV-1B、C亚型间应答比较,整体范围大致相同,但单个肽段水平还存在着一定差异,B亚型应答频率最高的是Nef的GPKEPFRdYVdRFYKTLR(5/17,29．4%)和Gag的LWVYHTQ- GYFPdWQNY(5/17,29．4%),C亚型应答频率最高的是Gag的GPKEPFRdYVdRFFKTLR应答频率为35．29%。结论中国人群CTL应答多集中在Gag和Nef蛋白,B、C亚型在单个肽段水平略有差异,提示中国人群的CTL应答研究对设计针对中国人群的HIV疫苗有较重要的意义。

关键词： HIV-1 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 T淋巴细胞,细胞毒性酶联免疫斑点法

HIV-1附属蛋白特异性细胞毒性T细胞应答研究

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中国病毒学 2006年第6期21卷 529-535页

作者：黄德东孙永涛翟嵩赵曙光王少扬庄严李新红康文臻余旭 Marcus Altfeld bruce d.walker 第四军医大学唐都医院全军感染病诊疗中心 Partners AIdS Research Center Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02129USA

人类免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,HIV)附属蛋白Nef、Vpu、Vpr和Vif在病毒复制中起着关键作用,并能被细胞毒性T细胞(CytotoxicTLymphocyte,CTL)识别。然而,对我国HIV感染者体内附属蛋白特异性的CTL应答研究比较少。本研究... 详细信息

人类免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,HIV)附属蛋白Nef、Vpu、Vpr和Vif在病毒复制中起着关键作用,并能被细胞毒性T细胞(CytotoxicTLymphocyte,CTL)识别。然而,对我国HIV感染者体内附属蛋白特异性的CTL应答研究比较少。本研究应用覆盖HIV-1B、C亚型附属蛋白(Nef、Vpu、Vpr和Vif)的142个肽段作为抗原,通过酶联免疫斑点实验(Enzyme-LinkedImmunospot,ELISPOT)检测61例中国HIV/AIdS患者和10例HIV-1血清阴性对照的HIV-1附属蛋白特异性CTL应答。无论对HIV-1B亚型还是HIV-1C亚型附属蛋白都能产生特异性CTL应答,特别是Nef区蛋白的反应频率和累积应答强度都较高(P0.05),其免疫优势区也大致相同。附属蛋白特异性的累积CTL应答强度将近达到总应答的21%。这些结果表明尽管HIV-1附属蛋白的体积小,但它们在诱导特异性的CTL应答中发挥了重要作用,对评价HIV-1免疫应答的幅度和特异性以及研发针对中国人群的HIV疫苗有重要的意义。

关键词：人类免疫缺陷病毒1型细胞毒性T细胞酶联免疫斑点实验

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抗艾战役关键一步

环球科学 2012年第8期 38-45页

作者：布鲁斯·d·沃克(bruce d.walker) 王宇歌(翻译) 张林琦(审校) 不详清华大学艾滋病综合研究中心的研究生清华大学长江特聘教授

绝大部分HIV感染者，都会慢慢发展成艾滋病患者。但极少一部分HIV感染者却有非凡的免疫控制力，他们不经任何治疗，即能把体内的病毒长期控制在很低的水平，不会发展成艾滋病。研究这些非凡控制者的免疫机制，不仅能为治愈艾滋病带来启... 详细信息

绝大部分HIV感染者，都会慢慢发展成艾滋病患者。但极少一部分HIV感染者却有非凡的免疫控制力，他们不经任何治疗，即能把体内的病毒长期控制在很低的水平，不会发展成艾滋病。研究这些非凡控制者的免疫机制，不仅能为治愈艾滋病带来启示，也为研制出艾滋病疫苗带来希望。

关键词： HIV感染者艾滋病患者战役艾滋病疫苗免疫

Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell daren d. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger bruce E. Anderson Mary E. drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven d. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USdA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USdA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (AdG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the AdG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat AdG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

Moving towards the chemo-free treatment of lymphoma:hype or reality?

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 631-636页

作者： bruce d.Cheson Scientific Advisor Lymphoma Research FoundationNew YorkNY 10005USA

A new generation of novel,effective targeted drugs and cellular therapies include monoclonal antibodies directed at the cell surface,such as the anti-Cd-19 tafasitamab which,combined with lenalidomide,is the first therapy approved by the Food and drug Administration for second-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell *** agents interfere with pro-survival intracellular signaling pathways including drugs that inhibit Bruton tyrosine kinase,phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase(PI3-kinase),and *** increasing number of therapies impact the microenvironment,notably checkpoint inhibitors and bispecific *** antigen receptor-T cell therapy has improved the outcome of patients with a variety of histologies of *** in the past,such therapies would be used inrelapsed and refractory settings,they are now being evaluated as initial treatment in selected *** an improved ability to individualize treatment approaches,chemo-free will be a reality for lymphoma patients.

关键词： Lymphoma targeted therapies chemo-free bispecifics BTK inhibitors PI3k inhibitors CAR-T cell

The new kid on the block in insect pest management:sprayable RNAi goes commercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan Ralf Nauen Stuart Reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang david Mota-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim Subba Reddy Palli Silvia I.Rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Michael S.Crossley William E.Snyder Angharad M.R.Gatehouse Myron P.Zalucki bruce E.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and Ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA department of Plant Medicals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea department of Entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the Environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest damage to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environmental and safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that meet ever-increasing global demand.

关键词： crops damage pest

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On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 626-639页

作者： Michael bruce BECK Rodrigo VILLARROEL walker Wamell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2152 USA

The role of water security in sustainable development and in the nexus of water, food, energy and climate interactions is examined from the starting point of the definition of water security offered by Grey and Sadoff. Much about the notion of security has to do with the presumption of scarcity in the resources required to meet human needs. The treatment of scarcity in mainstream economics is in turn examined, therefore, in relation to how each of us as individuals reconciles means with ends, a procedure at the core of the idea of sustainable development. According to the Grey-Sadoff definition, attaining water security amounts to achieving basic, single- sector water development as a precursor of more general, self-sustaining, multi-sectoral development. This is con- sistent with the way in which water is treated as ＂first among equals＂, i.e. privileged, in thinking about what is key in achieving security around the nexus of water, food, energy and climate. Cities, of course, are locations where demands for these multiple resource-energy flows are increasingly being generated. The paper discusses two important facets of security, i.e., diversity of access to resources and services （such as sanitation） and resilience in the behavior of coupled human-built-natural systems. Eight quasi-operational principles, by which to gauge nexus security with respect to city buildings and infrastructure, are developed.

关键词： cities as forces for good diversity energy and nutrient recovery green economy infrastructure failure,resilience

Nexus security： governance, innovation and the resilient city

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 640-657页

作者： Michael bruce BECK Rodrigo VILLARROEL walker Wamell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2152 USA

Nexus security is a compound mix of ideas： reconciling human needs and wants with access to multiple resources; diversity of access to those resources and services; resilience in the face of weather- and climate- related variability; resilience likewise in the face of infrastructure failure; and the personal, individual sense of belonging. At the level of Systems Thinking there is a very close relationship between resilience in the behavior of natural （ecological） systems and resilience in the social dynamics of governance within communities, where such resilience establishes the viability of these communities over centuries, which in turn entails successful stewardship of the man-environment relationship. We use insights from this cross-system mapping -- across natural, built, and human systems -- to assess, first, the role of city governance in achieving nexus security （or not） and, second, the role of technological innovations in serving the same purpose. More specifically, eight principles, covering resilience and diversity of access to resources and services, are used to gauge security-enhancing features of city buildings and infrastructure. Case studies include new designs of resilient office blocks, nutrient （nitrogen and phosphorus） recovery systems for sanitation and waste- water treatment, and the reconstruction of urban parks for the provision of ecosystem services. Throughout the paper, matters of risk in the face of meteorological variability are prominent. We do not conclude, however, that the presence of risk implies nexus insecurity.

关键词： cities as forces for good climate variability,ecosystem services energy and nutrient recovery infrastructure failure urban metabolism