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BioClay^(TM)prolongs RNA interference-mediated crop protection against Botrytis cinerea

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第11期64卷 2187-2198页

作者： Jonatan Niño-sánchez Prabhakaran T.sambasivam Anne sawyer Rachael Hamby Angela Chen Elizabeth Czislowski Peng Li Narelle Manzie Donald M.gardiner Rebecca Ford Zhi Ping Xu Neena Mitter Hailing Jin Department of Microbiology&Plant Pathology Center for Plant Cell BiologyInstitute for Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia92521USA Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources University of ValladolidPalencia 34004Spain iuFOR‐sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid–INIAPalencia 34004Spain Centre for Planetary Health and Food security Griffith UniversityNathanQueensland4111Australia school of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation Centre for Horticultural ScienceThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia school of Agriculture and Food sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia

One of the most promising tools for the control of fungal plant diseases is spray-induced gene silencing(sIGs).In sIGs,small interfering RNA(siRNA)or double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)targeting essential or virulence-related pathogen genes are exogenously applied to plants and postharvest products to trigger RNA interference(RNAi)of the targeted genes,inhibiting fungal growth and ***,sIGs is limited by the unstable nature of RNA under environmental *** use of layered double hydroxide or clay particles as carriers to deliver biologically active dsRNA,a formulation termed BioClay^(TM),can enhance RNA durability on plants,prolonging its activity against ***,we demonstrate that dsRNA delivered as BioClay can prolong protection against Botrytis cinerea,a major plant fungal pathogen,on tomato leaves and fruit and on mature chickpea *** increased the protection window from 1 to 3 weeks on tomato leaves and from 5 to 10 days on tomato fruits,when compared with naked *** flowering chickpea plants,BioClay provided prolonged protection for up to 4 weeks,covering the critical period of poding,whereas naked dsRNA provided limited *** research represents a major step forward for the adoption of sIGs as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fungicides.

关键词： Bio Clay double stranded RNA layered double hydroxide RNA interference spray-induced gene silencing

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The Fractional Landau Model

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica sinica 2016年第3期3卷 257-260页

作者： bruce J.West Malgorzata Turalska Information science Directorate Army Research Office Research Triangle Park Department of Physics Duke University

Herein the Landau model of the transition from laminar to turbulent fluid flow is generalized to include the effect of memory. The original Landau model is quadratically nonlinear and memoryless, with turbulent fluctuations decaying exponentially. However, recent experiments show a dependence of the decay of fluctuations on memory, with the exponential being replaced by an inverse power law. This transition is explained herein as being due to critical slowing down. The fractional calculus is used to model this memory and to relate the index of the inverse power law decay to that of the fractional derivative in time.

关键词： Fluid dynamics turbulence fractional calculus partial differential equations nonlinear equations

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小型田鼠:研究单配制进化与调控的模型(英文)

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兽类学报 2005年第2期25卷 182-199页

作者： bruce s Cushing Kristin M Kramer The Brain Body Center Department of PsychiatryCollege of MedicineUniversity of Illinoisat ChicagoChicagoIL60612USAThe Brain Body CenterDepartment of PsychiatryCollege of MedicineUniversity of Illinoisat ChicagoChicagoIL60612USA

哺乳动物的单配制通常被认为是社会性单配制,它不是单纯地由性行为来决定,而是由诸多因素,包括长期的pairbond、夫妻双方共同抚育后代、免近亲交配以及雌雄两性相似等来决定的。在这篇综述中,我们论述了如何以啮齿类田鼠属(Microtus)为... 详细信息

哺乳动物的单配制通常被认为是社会性单配制,它不是单纯地由性行为来决定,而是由诸多因素,包括长期的pairbond、夫妻双方共同抚育后代、免近亲交配以及雌雄两性相似等来决定的。在这篇综述中,我们论述了如何以啮齿类田鼠属(Microtus)为模型,通过比较研究来帮助我们理解社会性单配制的进化以及其神经调控机制。对田鼠属的研究不仅证实了单配制起源于艰苦的生存条件的假说,而且还证实了雌性性选择可能有利于维持单配制。不仅如此,哺乳动物单配制的进化还需要雄性的prosocial行为的不断强化。例如,亲近行为可以促进pairbond的形成并强化雄性对后代的哺育行为,而这种强化则来源于神经多肽催产素(OT)和加压素(AVP)与类固醇类激素的相互作用。催产素和加压素调控pairbond和双亲哺育行为的表达,而单配制和多配制田鼠的催产素和加压素受体在脑内的分布有显著的不同。比较研究揭示了小型田鼠单配制的调控机制,而种内差异和行为上的可塑性则有助于我们进一步理解这种机制。比如,在某些条件下,多配制的草原田鼠(Microtuspennsylvanicu)的雄性个体具有哺育后代的行为。尽管草原田鼠的加压素V1a受体在脑内的分布与其他多配制的田鼠相似,但是如果脑室注射加压素,仍可以诱发其哺育后代的行为。

关键词：单配制进化模型哺乳动物调控机制比较研究草原田鼠攻击行为加压素雌激素受体催产素 pair bond 近亲交配生存条件相互作用神经多肽种内差异脑室注射橙腹田鼠受体表达终纹床核敏感程度社会性性行为

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Evaluation of utility in shoulder pathology:Correlating the American shoulder and Elbow surgeons and Constant scores to the EuroQoL

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第3期3卷 20-24页

作者： Blaine T Bafus Richard E Hughes bruce s Miller James E Carpenter Department of Orthopaedic surgery Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland OH 44115-2325 United States Department of Orthopaedic surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2200 United States

AIM: To study whether health utility scores can be derived from shoulder-specific ***: Authors investigated two questions:(1) do the American shoulder and Elbow surgeons(AsEs) score and the Constant score correlate with the EuroQo L(EQ-5D), a measure of health utility?(2) can the AsEs and Constant scores be obtained from a complete study sample without bias? Thirty subjects with various shoulder diagnoses completed AsEs, Constant, and EQ-5D instruments. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the associations between EQ-5D score and AsEs and Constant ***: The correlation between EQ-5D score and AsEs score was 0.60(P s 0.54 for EQ-5D and Constant scores(P ssion model containing AsEs score, Constant score, age, and gender failed to adequately predict EQ-5D. Moreover, 25% of patients meeting the inclusion criteria did not complete the AsEs questionnaire because they did not feel that specific questions, such as "do usual sport-list" and "throw ball overhand," applied to ***: Authors' results do not support the use of the AsEs and Constant scores in predicting EuroQ ol health utility values. However, the Constant score was more suitable for this patient population because all patients were able to complete it.

关键词： Utility EuroQoL American shoulder and Elbow surgeons score Constant score shoulder Outcomes

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*** Use of Vaccine for Cervical Cancer

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当代外语研究 2006年第7期 2-4页

作者： gardiner Harris 张英

癌症一直以来是人类健康的最大杀手。2006年6月8日,美国正式批准最新研制成功的抗子宫颈癌疫苗“Gardasil”投入使用。这种疫苗可以有效地预防子宫颈癌的发生,这一成果被视为医学史上的一个里程碑。尽管昂贵的成本以及宗教因素给该疫苗... 详细信息

癌症一直以来是人类健康的最大杀手。2006年6月8日,美国正式批准最新研制成功的抗子宫颈癌疫苗“Gardasil”投入使用。这种疫苗可以有效地预防子宫颈癌的发生,这一成果被视为医学史上的一个里程碑。尽管昂贵的成本以及宗教因素给该疫苗的广泛使用带来很大障碍,此研究仍然得到了社会各界的广泛支持。

关键词：子宫颈癌癌疫苗研制成功人类健康医学史宗教因素批准里程碑投入使用癌症

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Impacts of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and avian influenza on U.s. meat demand

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1130-1141页

作者： Jianhong E Mu bruce A McCarl Amy Hagerman David Bessler Department of Applied Economics Oregon State University Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture

This paper examines the U.s. meat demand impacts of the announced outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy（BsE） and avian influenza（AI）. Findings indicate that beef and chicken demand was negatively affected by BsE and AI disease outbreaks. specifically, in the short run, U.s. consumers shift demand due to both outbreaks but more so due to domestic disease outbreaks than for outbreaks occurring overseas-the impact of U.s. AI outbreaks is about 0.5% for beef and the impact of U.s. BsE cases is around –0.42% for beef and 0.4% for pork, respectively. Regarding the BsE shock on meat demand, there is a high rate of beef demand adjusted from disturbance to the long-run equilibrium and a lower adjustment rate for chicken demand because of the repeated outbreaks of AI worldwide. In the long run, information related to severe, persistently recurring overseas animal disease outbreaks changes U.s. consumers＇ meat consumption patterns. Although effects of animal diseases on U.s. meat demand were statistically significant, the magnitudes were small-the impact of WHO reported human death numbers for AI is 0.005% for beef, –0.002% for pork, and –0.006% for chicken and the impact of U.s. BsE cases is 1.1% for pork and –0.7% for chicken.

关键词： spongiform avian chicken bovine encephalopathy overseas disturbance adjustment pathogenic deaths

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Experimental and finite element analysis of tibial stress fractures using a rabbit model

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第4期4卷 267-278页

作者： Melanie Franklyn bruce Field Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MelbourneParkville VIC 3010 Australia

AIM: To determine if rabbit models can be used to quantify the mechanical behaviour involved in tibial stress fracture(TsF) ***: Fresh rabbit tibiae were loaded under compression using a specifically-designed test apparatus. Weights were incrementally added up to a load of 30 kg and the mechanical behaviour of the tibia was analysed using tests for buckling, bone strain and hysteresis. structural mechanics equations were subsequently employed to verify that the results were within the range of values predicted by theory. A finite element(FE) model was developed using cross-sectional computer tomography(CT) images scanned from one of the rabbit bones, and a static load of 6 kg(1.5 times the rabbit's body weight) was applied to represent running. The model was validated using the experimental strain gauge data, then geometric and elemental convergence tests were performed in order to find the minimum number of cross-sectional scans and elements respectively required for convergence. The analysis was then performed using both the model and the experimental results to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the rabbit tibia under compressive load and to examine crack ***: The experimental tests showed that un der a compressive load of up to 12 kg, the rabbit tibia demonstrates linear behaviour with little hysteresis Up to 30 kg, the bone does not fail by elastic buckling however, there are low levels of tensile stress which predominately occur at and adjacent to the anterio border of the tibial midshaft: this suggests that fatigue failure occurs in these regions, since bone under cycli loading initially fails in tension. The FE model predic tions were consistent with both mechanics theory and the strain gauge results. The model was highly sensi tive to small changes in the position of the applied load due to the high slenderness ratio of the rabbit s tibia. The modelling technique used in the curren study could have applications in the dev

关键词： Rabbit stress fracture Tibia Finite element analysis Finite element model Mechanics

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Molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrids between Malus and Pyrus

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Horticulture Research 2023年第1期10卷 172-182页

作者： Giulia Pasqualetto Luisa Palmieri stefan Martens Vincent G.M.Bus David Chagné Claudia Wiedow Mickael A.Malnoy susan E.gardiner Research and Innovation Centre Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all’AdigeTN 38010Italy Department of Agricultural FoodEnvironmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUD 33100Italy The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd(PFR) Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock North 4442New Zealand PFR Fitzherbert Science CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand

Apple(Malus)and pear(Pyrus)are economically important fruit crops well known for their unique textures,f lavours,and nutritional *** genera are characterised by a distinct pattern of secondary metabolites,which directly affect not only resistance to certain diseases,but also have significant impacts on the f lavour and nutritional value of the *** identical chromosome numbers,similar genome size,and their recent divergence date,together with DNA markers have shown that apple and pear genomes are highly *** study utilized comparative genomic approaches,including simple sequence repeats,high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism melting analysis,and single nucleotide polymorphism chip analysis to identify genetic differences among hybrids of Malus and Pyrus,and F2 *** research has demonstrated and validated that these three marker types,along with metabolomics analysis are very powerful tools to detect and confirm hybridity of progeny derived from crosses between apple and pear in both cross ***,this work analysed the genus-specific metabolite patterns and the resistance to fire blight(Erwinia amylovora)in *** findings of this work will enhance and accelerate the breeding of novel tree fruit crops that benefit producers and consumers,by enabling marker assisted selection of desired traits introgressed between pear and apple.

关键词： crops utilized breeding

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Effect of dilution gas composition on the evolution of graphite electrode characteristics in the spark gap switch

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Plasma science and Technology 2021年第6期23卷 74-82页

作者： Hongyu DAI Lee LI shuai REN Jingrun GUO Xin GONG Anthony bruce MURPHY state Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Technology(Ministry of Education)School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China CsIRO Manufacturing Lindfield NSW 2070Australia

As the widely implemented electrode material,graphite has the characteristic of sublimation by the thermal shock of the switching arc,and the produced carbon vapor is easy to condense into carbon powders and deposit in the *** impact of the type of dilution gas in a mixture of20%oxygen and 80%dilution gas on the sublimation and oxidation characteristics of the graphite electrode is *** is found that when nitrogen dilution gas was replaced by argon,the heat flux to the electrodes decreased,which led to a 63%reduction of graphite *** the same time,the cooling rate of the arc was slower in argon,which promotes oxidation of the carbon *** residual solid carbon can be reduced by 70%–85%by using argon as the dilution ***,it is demonstrated that the stability and working life of the switch could be increased by appropriate selection of the dilution gas.

关键词： pulsed discharge graphite electrode thermal arc dilution gas electrode erosion

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Balance the Paradox between Limited Health Resources and Growing Demands for Medical services

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第1期6卷 57-62页

作者： Gao Tian bruce Gurd Wang Guoxing International Graduate school of Business University of South Australia GPO Box 2471 Adelaide 5000 Australia Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to shandong University Jinan Shandong 250013 China

Health institutions in the People’s Republic of Chinaare under considerable challenge. Innovations in management systems may support the challenge to increase both efficiency and effectiveness. The balanced scorecard (BsC) is one such innova-tion. We have used a model to explore the factors that may impact the diffusion of the BsC in Chinese government hospitals. In particular, we concentrate on three factors — the outer context, the nature of the innovation and the communication and influence. The outer context and the nature of the innovation do provide an inducement to implement a BsC. The strength of the communica-tion and influence may affect the level of take-up. However, we recognise that they may choose the BsC not for any apparent technical excellence but for the legitimation that Western man-agement practices may bring to local managers.

关键词： balanced scorecard hospital diffusion of innovation

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