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Multiple endocrine factors regulate nutrient mobilization and storage in Aedes aegypti during a gonadotrophic cycle

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 425-442页

作者： Xiaoyi Dou Kangkang Chen Mark r.brown Michael r.Strand Department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia30602United States Department of Plant Protection College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Anautogenous mosquitoes must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce *** gonadotrophic cycle is subdivided into a sugar-feeding previtellogenic phase that produces primary follicles and a blood meal-activated vitellogenic phase in which large numbers of eggs synchronously mature and are *** endocrine factors including juvenile hormone(JH),insulin-like peptides(ILPs),ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone(OEH),and 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)coordinate each gonadotrophic *** formation also requires nutrients from feeding that are stored in the fat *** of egg formation is best understood in Aedes aegypti but the role different endocrine factors play in regulating nutrient mobilization and storage remains *** this study,we report that adult female *** maintained triacylglycerol(TAG)stores during the previtellogenic phase of the first gonadotrophic cycle while glycogen stores *** contrast,TAG and glycogen stores were rapidly mobilized during the vitellogenic phase and then *** genes encoding enzymes with functions in TAG and glycogen metabolism were differentially expressed in the fat body,which suggested regulation was mediated in part at the transcriptional *** of function assays indicated that stored nutrients were primarily mobilized by adipokinetic hormone(AKH)while juvenoids and OEH regulated ***3 further showed evidence of negatively regulating certain lipolytic *** of function assays indicated AKH depends on the AKH receptor(AKHr)for ***,our results indicate that the opposing activities of different hormones regulate nutrient stores during a gonadotrophic cycle in ***.

关键词： adipokinetic hormone ecdysone endocrine glycogen insulin-like peptide juvenile hormone mosquito nutrient ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone triacylglycerol

Acute oral toxicity of zinc phosphide:an assessment for wild house mice(Mus musculus)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 63-75页

作者： Lyn A.HINDS Steve HENrY Nikki VAN DE WEYEr Freya rOBINSON Wendy A.rUSCOE Peter r.brown CSIrO Health&Biosecurity Clunies Ross StreetCanberraACTAustralia

Irregular plagues of house mice,Mus musculus,incur major economic impacts on agricultural production in *** efﬁcacy of zinc phosphide(ZnP),the only registered broadacre control agent for mice,is reported as increasingly *** mice become less sensitive over time or are they taking a sub-lethal dose and develop-ing aversion?In this laboratory study,the sensitivity of mice(wild caught;outbred laboratory strain)was assessed using oral gavage of a range of ZnP *** estimated LD50 values(72–79 mg ZnP/kg body weight)were similar for each mouse group but are signiﬁcantly higher than previously *** willingness of mice to consume ZnP-coated grains was ***-coated grains(50 g ZnP/kg grain)presented in the absence of alternative food were consumed and 94%of wild mice *** provided with alternative food and ZnP-coated wheat grains(either 25 or 50 g ZnP/kg grain)consumed toxic and non-toxic grains,and mortality was lower(33–55%).If a sublethal amount of ZnP-coated grain was consumed,aversion occurred,mostly when alternative food was *** sensitivity of wild house mice to ZnP in Australia is signiﬁcantly lower than previously *** laboratory conditions,ZnP-coated grains coated with a new higher dose(50 g ZnP/kg grain)were readily *** of toxic grain occurred when alternative food was available but was *** unambiguousﬁndings for house mice indicate a re-assessment of the ZnP loading for baits used for control of many rodents around the world may be warranted.

关键词： acute rodenticide aversion efﬁcacy LD50

Estimates of voluntary activation in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:Effects of type of stimulator,number of stimuli,and quantification technique

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 85-93页

作者： Steven A.Garcia Kazandra M.rodriguez Scott r.brown riann M.Palmieri-Smith Chandramouli Krishnan School of Kinesiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Neuromuscular and rehabilitation robotics Laboratory(Neurro Lab) Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48108USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Michigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA robotics Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Background:Accurate quantification of voluntary activation is important for understanding the extent of quadriceps dysfunction in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLr).Voluntary activation has been quantified using both percent activation derived from the interpolated twitch technique and central activation ratio(CAr)derived from the burst superimposition technique,as well as by using different types of electrical stimulators and pulse train ***,it is unclear how these parameters affect voluntary activation estimates in individuals with *** study was performed to fill this important knowledge gap in the anterior cruciate ligament ***:Quadriceps strength and voluntary activation were examined in 18 ACLr participants(12 quadriceps/patellartendon graft,6 hamstring tendon graft;time since ACLr:1.06±0.82 years,mean±SD)at 90°of knee flexion using 2 stimulators(Digitimer and Grass)and pulse train conditions(3-pulse and 10-pulse).Voluntary activation was quantified by calculating both CAr and percent ***:results indicated that voluntary activation was significantly overestimated by CAr when compared with percent activation(pry activation estimates were not affected by pulse train conditions when using percent activation;however,3-pulse stimuli resulted in greater overestimation than 10-pulse stimuli when using CAr(p=0.003).Voluntary activation did not differ between stimulators(p>0.05);however,the Digitimer evoked greater torque at rest than the Grass(presults indicate that percent activation derived from the interpolated twitch technique provides superior estimates of voluntary activation than CAr derived from burst superimposition and is less affected by pulse train conditions or stimulators in individuals with ACLr.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament Central activation Inhibition Knee strength Triplet Twitch interpolation

From cortex to cord: motor circuit plasticity after spinal cord injury

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Neural regeneration research 2019年第12期14卷 2054-2062页

作者： Andrew r. brown Marina Martinez Département de Neurosciences Facultéde MédecineUniversitéde MontréalQuébecCanada H?pital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal(CIUSS-NIM) MontréalQuébecCanada Groupe de recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central Universitéde MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada

Spinal cord injury is associated with chronic sensorimotor deficits due to the interruption of ascending and descending tracts between the brain and spinal cord. Functional recovery after anatomically complete spinal cord injury is limited due to the lack of long-distance axonal regeneration of severed fibers in the adult central nervous system. Most spinal cord injuries in humans, however, are anatomically incomplete. Although restorative treatment options for spinal cord injury remain currently limited, research from experimental models of spinal cord injury have revealed a tremendous capability for both spontaneous and treatment-induced plasticity of the corticospinal system that supports functional recovery. We review recent advances in the understanding of corticospinal circuit plasticity after spinal cord injury and concentrate mainly on the hindlimb motor cortex, its corticospinal projections, and the role of spinal mechanisms that support locomotor recovery. First, we discuss plasticity that occurs at the level of motor cortex and the reorganization of cortical movement representations. Next, we explore downstream plasticity in corticospinal projections. We then review the role of spinal mechanisms in locomotor recovery. We conclude with a perspective on harnessing neuroplasticity with therapeutic interventions to promote functional recovery.

关键词： spinal cord injury motor cortex motor map corticospinal tract neuroplasticity functionalrecovery animal models forelimb hindlimb locomotion

Farmers’knowledge,attitudes,and practices with respect to rodent management in the upland and lowland farming systems of the Lao People’s Democratic republic

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 165-173页

作者： Peter r.brown Khamouane KHAMPHOUKEO CSIrO Sustainable Ecosystems CanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia National Agricultural and Forestry research Institute VientianeLao PDR

rodents are a serious constraint to poor farmers in the upland and lowland farming systems of the Lao People’sDemocratic republic and have been described as the pest they have least control over. To better understand theseproblems a baseline survey of farmers was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respectto rodent management. A structured survey was conducted in 12 villages across Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang,and Houaphan provinces. Twenty farmers from each village were interviewed (a total of 240 farmers). Farmersnoted that the main factor limiting production was pests (70%), with rats identified as the most important pest(98%). The mean yield loss was estimated at 19% (range 0–100%). Trapping and rodenticides were commonlyused by farmers. Farmers believed that it was important to control rats and believed that rats could only be controlledif farmers worked together. However, 65% of farmers conducted rodent control by themselves, and 92% offarmers believed that rodenticides were harmful to the environment. The main constraints identified were the highcost of some control methods and the need to get farmers to work together as a community.

关键词： decision making farmers’beliefs pest rice rodent management upland crop

The effects of total ankle replacement on ankle joint mechanics during walking

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 340-345页

作者： Henry Wang Scott r.brown Biomechanics Laboratory School of KinesiologyBall State University Sports Performance research Institute New Zealand(SPrINZ) Auckland University of Technology

Background:End-stage ankle arthritis impairs joint function and patients' *** ankle replacement is a surgical procedure to treat severe ankle *** Talaris Anatomic Ankle^(TM)(STAA) was designed to mimic the normal ankle anatomy and flexion/extension of the ankle *** purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an STAA ankle replacement on ankle joint function and mechanics during ***:Five patients with end-stage unilateral ankle arthritis were *** performed level walking in a laboratory setting on 2occasions,prior to and 3 months after the STAA ankle *** Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) hindfoot score was obtained.A 12-camera motion capture system was used to perform walking *** temporo-spatial parameters and ankle joint mechanics were *** Student's t tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon matched tests were performed to examine the differences in biomechanical variables between the pre-and post-surgery walking ***:Compared to the pre-surgical condition,at 3 months of post-STAA surgery,patients experienced greater improvement in AOFAS hindfoot score(p = 0.0001);the STAA ankle demonstrated a 31% increase in ankle joint excursion(p = 0.045),a 22% increase in ankle plantarflexor moment(p = 0.075),a 60% increase in ankle power absorption(p = 0.023),and a 68% increase in ankle power production(p = 0.039).Patients also demonstrated a 26% increase in walking speed(p = 0.005),a 20% increase in stride length(p = 0.013),a 15% decrease in double support time(p = 0.043),and a 5% decrease in total stance time(p = 0.055).Conclusion:Three months after surgeries,the STAA patients experienced improvements in ankle function and gait *** STAA ankle demonstrated improved ankle mechanics during daily activities such as walking.

关键词：脚关节力学 AOFAS 分数关节炎步法分析总计脚关节代替走

A review of public health guidelines for postpartum physical activity and sedentary behavior from around the world

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 472-483,F0003页

作者： Kelly r.Evenson Wendy J.brown Alison K.Brinson Emily Budzynski-Seymour Melanie Hayman Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8050USA Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4226Australia School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-3115USA Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8120USA Faculty of Sport Health and Social SciencesSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Appleton Institute School of HealthMedical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

Background:The period following pregnancy is a critical time window when future habits with respect to physical activity(PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) are established;therefore,it warrants *** purpose of this scoping review was to summarize public health-oriented country-specific postpartum PA and SB guidelines ***:To identity guidelines published since 2010,we performed a(a) systematic search of 4 databases(CINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPOrTDiscus),(b) structured repeatable web-based search separately for 194 countries,and(c) separate web-based *** the most recent guideline was included for each ***:We identified 22 countries with public health-oriented postpartum guidelines for PA and 11 countries with SB *** continents with guidelines included Europe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Africa(n=1),North America(n=1),and South America(n=1).The most common benefits recorded for PA included weight control/management(n=10),reducing the risk of postpartum depression or depressive symptoms(n=9),and improving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpartum guidelines specified exercises to engage in,including pelvic floor exercises(n=17);muscle strengthening,weight training,or resistance exercises(n=13);aerobics/general aerobic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines remarked on the interaction between PA and breastfeeding;several guidelines stated that PA did not impact breast milk quantity(n=7),breast milk quality(n=6),or infant growth(n=3).For SB,suggestions included limiting long-term sitting and interrupting sitting with ***:Country-specific postpartum guidelines for PA and SB can help promote healthy behaviors using a culturally appropriate context while providing specific guidance to public health practitioners.

关键词： Breastfeeding Caesarean section Guidelines Postnatal recommendations

Mesh-Free Interpolant Observables for Continuous Data Assimilation

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Annals of Applied Mathematics 2022年第3期38卷 296-355页

作者： Animikh Biswas Kenneth r.brown Vincent r.Martinez Department of Mathematics & Statistics University of Maryland-Baltimore County1000 Hilltop CircleBaltimoreMD 21250USA Department of Mathematics University of California-DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA Department of Mathematics & Statistics CUNY Hunter College695 ParkAveNewYorkNY10065USA Department of Mathematics CUNY Graduate Center3655th AveNew YorkNY10016USA

This paper is dedicated to the expansion of the framework of general interpolant observables introduced by Azouani,Olson,and Titi for continuous data assimilation of nonlinear partial differential *** main feature of this expanded framework is its mesh-free aspect,which allows the observational data itself to dictate the subdivision of the domain via partition of unity in the spirit of the so-called Partition of Unity Method by Babuska and *** an application of this framework,we consider a nudging-based scheme for data assimilation applied to the context of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations as a paradigmatic example and establish convergence to the reference solution in all higher-order Sobolev topologies in a periodic,mean-free *** convergence analysis also makes use of absorbing ball bounds in higherorder Sobolev norms,for which explicit bounds appear to be available in the literature only up to H^(2);such bounds are additionally proved for all integer levels of Sobolev regularity above H^(2).

关键词： Continuous data assimilation nudging 2D Navier-Stokes equations general interpolant observables synchronization higher-order convergence partition of unity mesh-free Azounai-Olson-Titi algorithm

Automated Protein Structure Elucidation From 2D NMr

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Science China Chemistry 1993年第5期36卷 526-539页

作者：徐峻 L. r. brown 蔡文生张懋森 research School of Chemistry The Australian National University GPO Box 4 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Department of Modern Chemistry Structure Research Laboratory University of Science & Technology of China Hefei 230026 PRC

A general method for automated de novo deduction of protein structure from 2D NMr has been developed. The algorithms which extract simple spin coupling topologies from MQF-COSY, construct more complicated spin coupling topologies based upon MQ spectrum including all possible pathways, and extract spin coupling topological fragments for amino acids of a protein, have been implemented in C++ language and run on a SUN 4/280 work station. Compared with the manual assignments for melittin, the total identity of the automated de novo method is 86.3%.

关键词： automated protein structure elucidation 2D NMr spin coupling topology.