From cortex to cord: motor circuit plasticity after spinal cord injury

作     者：Andrew R. Brown Marina Martinez 

作者机构：Département de NeurosciencesFacultéde MédecineUniversitéde MontréalQuébecCanada H?pital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal(CIUSS-NIM)MontréalQuébecCanada Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux CentralUniversitéde MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2019年第14卷第12期

页      面：2054-2062页

核心收录：

学科分类：10[医学] 

基　　金：partially supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research(CIHR MOP-142288 to MM) supported by a salary award from Fonds de Recherche Québec Santé(FRQS) ARB was supported by a fellowship from FRQS 

主　　题：spinal cord injury motor cortex motor map corticospinal tract neuroplasticity functionalrecovery animal models forelimb hindlimb locomotion 

摘      要：Spinal cord injury is associated with chronic sensorimotor deficits due to the interruption of ascending and descending tracts between the brain and spinal cord. Functional recovery after anatomically complete spinal cord injury is limited due to the lack of long-distance axonal regeneration of severed fibers in the adult central nervous system. Most spinal cord injuries in humans, however, are anatomically incomplete. Although restorative treatment options for spinal cord injury remain currently limited, research from experimental models of spinal cord injury have revealed a tremendous capability for both spontaneous and treatment-induced plasticity of the corticospinal system that supports functional recovery. We review recent advances in the understanding of corticospinal circuit plasticity after spinal cord injury and concentrate mainly on the hindlimb motor cortex, its corticospinal projections, and the role of spinal mechanisms that support locomotor recovery. First, we discuss plasticity that occurs at the level of motor cortex and the reorganization of cortical movement representations. Next, we explore downstream plasticity in corticospinal projections. We then review the role of spinal mechanisms in locomotor recovery. We conclude with a perspective on harnessing neuroplasticity with therapeutic interventions to promote functional recovery.