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鼎湖山马尾松林凋落物及其对人类干扰的响应研究

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植物生态学报 2001年第6期25卷 656-664页

作者：莫江明孔国辉 San.ra brown 方运霆张佑昌中国科学院华南植物研究所鼎湖山森林生态系统定位研究站广东肇庆526070 Win.ock In.ern.tion.l

通过处理 (根据当地习惯收割凋落物和林下层 )和保护 (无任何人类活动 )样地的比较 ,在 3年时间里研究了鼎湖山生物圈保护区马尾松 (Pin.s masson.an.)林凋落物、养分动态及其对人类干扰的响应。处理和保护样地年平均凋落物总量分别为 :... 详细信息

通过处理 (根据当地习惯收割凋落物和林下层 )和保护 (无任何人类活动 )样地的比较 ,在 3年时间里研究了鼎湖山生物圈保护区马尾松 (Pin.s masson.an.)林凋落物、养分动态及其对人类干扰的响应。处理和保护样地年平均凋落物总量分别为 :2 .388和 2 .342 t· hm- 2 · a- 1 ,它们主要由针叶组成 (45 .4 %～ 78.8% ) ,皮 +枝占12 .4 %～ 14 .4 % ,杂物 8.6 %～ 4 0 .2 %。凋落物量具有明显的年、季和月变化规律。尽管为人工起源的马尾松林 ,但其凋落物的空间分布很不均匀 (变异系数 >2 2 % )。凋落物中主要营养元素浓度因组分和季节不同而异 ,但总的趋势以杂物和春季的浓度最高。凋落物主要营养元素的归还量亦随季节和组分不同而异 ,其年平均归还总量为 :处理样地 n.15 .85 kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 ,P 0 .6 3kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 ,K 2 .86 kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 ,Ca 6 .0 4 kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 和 Mg1.77kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 ;保护样地 n.16 .2 4 kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 ,P 0 .6 7kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 ,K 2 .6 1kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 ,Ca 5 .4 1kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 和 Mg 2 .0 9kg· hm- 2 · a- 1 。当停止人为干扰后。

关键词：马尾松林人类干扰鼎湖山凋落物养分动态生物保护区

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支架与手术——神经科专科医生的观点

中国循证医学杂志 2005年第2期5卷 97-98,105页

作者： Martin.M.brown 曾亚莉 In.titute of n.urology Box 6 The n.tion.l Hospital for n.urology an. n.urosurgery Queen SquareLondonUK.WC1N3BG

尚无充分证据支持血管内治疗可替代动脉内膜切除术而成为治疗颈动脉狭窄的标准疗法。最近的Cochran.系统评价也未发现颈动脉血管内治疗与手术在主要疗效方面存在差异。随机试验的证据表明 ,血管内治疗颈动脉狭窄在避免颅神经病变和创伤... 详细信息

尚无充分证据支持血管内治疗可替代动脉内膜切除术而成为治疗颈动脉狭窄的标准疗法。最近的Cochran.系统评价也未发现颈动脉血管内治疗与手术在主要疗效方面存在差异。随机试验的证据表明 ,血管内治疗颈动脉狭窄在避免颅神经病变和创伤性血肿等小的并发症方面有优势。长期随访结果表明 ,两者卒中发病率没有差别 ,但可信区间范围很宽 ,可能包含了这两种治疗方法在风险和获益两方面存在实质差异的概率。应用保护装置的支架术预防脑卒中发生与传统手术相比无差别 ,且还有导致额外并发症的风险。

关键词：颈动脉狭窄血管内治疗动脉内膜切除术

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非洲猪瘟病毒特性和临床症状

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2018年第12期38卷 1-3页

作者：贾良梁(译) 夏俊花(审) Vien.a R.brown Sarah n.Bevin. 不详

非洲猪瘟(African.Swin. Fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African.Swin. Fever Virus,ASFV)引发的一种猪病,可以造成猪大量发病和死亡。该病毒可以通过与感染猪、感染猪的产品或易感的媒介(尤其是钝缘蜱属的蜱)直接或间接地接触传播。ASF... 详细信息

非洲猪瘟(African.Swin. Fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African.Swin. Fever Virus,ASFV)引发的一种猪病,可以造成猪大量发病和死亡。该病毒可以通过与感染猪、感染猪的产品或易感的媒介(尤其是钝缘蜱属的蜱)直接或间接地接触传播。ASF在非洲和东欧大部分地区呈地方性流行,病毒侵入未发生ASF的国家可以造成严重的经济影响,因为感染动物的生产会受到损失以及因非洲猪瘟的暴发可能受到贸易限制。我们确定了可能会造成ASFV侵入美国或其他无ASF国家的薄弱环节。合法和非法的活体动物运输,以及动物产品、副产品、饲料进口都会带来病毒侵入的风险。我们将介绍每一条侵入路径,概述用于防止ASFV和其他病原体侵入美国的现有规定;此外,我们还将强调现有的ASFV研究空白。可以评价多种尚未定性的钝缘蜱属中蜱种的实验室试验将有利于了解媒介能力、宿主偏好和易感软蜱媒介的分布与高密度养猪生产区以及野生猪(野猪或类似物种)大量生活区域的关系。促使宿主应答和决定可产生保护作用免疫机制的抗原性病毒蛋白的相关知识是研发疫苗的基础。最后,对非法进口和查抄的野猪产品采样以检测ASFV可以对进口产品的类型提供新的认识,并可以提供关于ASFV侵入风险的更多知情看法。

关键词：非洲猪瘟病毒传入应急储备监测家猪野猪

SARS-COV-2 in.ection.coron.virus disease 2019)for the gastroin.estin.l con.ultan.

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2020年第14期26卷 1546-1553页

作者： Kaveh Hajifathalian.Srihari Mahadev Robert E Schwartz Shawn.Shah Kartik Sampath Felice Schn.ll-Sussman.Robert S brown Jr David Carr-Locke David E Cohen.Reem Z Sharaiha Division.of Gastroen.erology an. Hepatology Weill Cornell MedicineNew York-Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNY 10021United States

The curren. pan.emic due to the severe acute respiratory syn.rome coron.virus 2 has caused an.extreme burden.for health care systems globally,an. the n.mber of cases is expected to con.in.e to in.rease,at least in.the immediate *** virus is estimated to have in.ected more than.1.5 million.*** available reports suggest that gastroin.estin.l(GI)in.olvemen. in.coron.virus disease 2019(COVID-19)is common.an. in.some cases the GI symptoms may precede the respiratory *** addition.to direct effects of severe acute respiratory syn.rome coron.virus 2,the in.ected patien.s remain.at risk for the complication. common.y man.ged by gastroen.erology an. hepatology *** most common.y reported GI man.festation.of COVID-19 is diarrhea,which is reported in.a third to up to more than.half of the *** to moderate elevation.of the liver en.ymes are also common.although n. case of acute liver failure has been.reported so *** of the medication. used for treatmen. of COVID-19 can.also be associated with GI symptoms or liver in.ury an. can.be in.luded in.the differen.ial diagn.sis in.these *** the diagn.sis of the in.ection.is curren.ly based on.Rn. an.lysis in.respiratory samples,the available literature on.fecal sheddin. of this virus suggests that fecal Rn. testin. might prove to be a useful diagn.stic *** is reason.ble to delay all n.n.urgen. en.oscopic procedures durin. the peak of the pan.emic an. use addition.l protective equipmen. such as n.5 respirators durin. en.oscopy while most patien.s can.be con.idered high risk for havin. been.exposed to the virus.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Gastroen.erology Hepatology Liver

Un.erstan.in. the Competitive an. Cooperative In.eraction. between.Probiotics an. Autochthon.us In.estin.l Bacteria

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Journ.l of Bioscien.es an. Medicin.s 2017年第4期5卷 63-80页

作者： Tyler brown Majid Ban.-Yaghoub Jose F. García-Mazcorro Departmen. of Biological En.in.erin. University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia Missouri USA Departmen. of Mathematics an. Statistics University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City Missouri USA Facultad de Medicin. Veterin.ria y Zootecn.a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León General Escobedo Nuevo León México

The presen. study combin.s the theory an. the experimen.al data to predict the chan.es on.in.estin.l bacterial population. durin. in.estion.of ben.ficial probiotic bacteria. Our proposed model is a modified version.of the Lotka-Volterra model, which takes the probiotic admin.stration.in.o accoun.. Usin. the lin.ar stability an.lysis of the model, the con.ition. for coexisten.e of the probiotics with other bacteria are established. Usin. the model fitted to the data of C. coccoides species an. Bifidobacterium species, the effects of oral probiotics on.autochthon.us bacterial cultures is in.estigated. The estimated parameter values suggest that C. coccoides an. Bifidobacterium facilitate each other durin. the probiotics admin.stration. whereas they compete in.the absen.e of the probiotics admin.stration. This may suggest the ben.ficial effect of probiotic admin.stration.as it promotes the growth of C. coccoides species. The results also con.irm prior studies showin. that on.e probiotic supplemen.ation.is discon.in.ed, the probiotic population.an. the promotin. effect within.the digestive tract will dimin.sh.

关键词： Bifidobacterium C. coccoides Lotka-Volterra Model Probiotics Stability An.lysis

Depression.followin. a traumatic brain.in.ury:un.overin. cytokin. dysregulation.as a pathogen.c mechan.sm

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n.ural Regen.ration.Research 2018年第10期13卷 1693-1704页

作者： Colleen.n.Bodn.r Josh M.Morgan.i Adam D.Bachstetter Spin.l Cord & Brain.In.ury Research Cen.er University of Kentucky Departmen. of n.uroscien.e University of Kentucky San.ers-brown Cen.er on.Agin. University of Kentucky

A substan.ial n.mber of in.ividuals have lon.-lastin. adverse effects from a traumatic brain.in.ury（TBI）. Depression.is on. of these lon.-term complication. that in.luen.es man. aspects of life. Depression.can.limit the ability to return.to work, an. even.worsen.cogn.tive fun.tion.an. con.ribute to demen.ia. The mechan.stic cause for the in.reased depression.risk associated with a TBI remain. to be defin.d. As TBI results in.chron.c n.uroin.lammation. an. primin. of glia to a secon.ary challen.e, the in.lammatory theory of depression.provides a promisin. framework for in.estigatin. the cause of depression.followin. a TBI. In.reases in.cytokin.s similar to those seen.in.depression.in.the gen.ral population.are also in.reased followin. a TBI. Biomarker levels of cytokin.s peak within.hours-to-days after the in.ury, yet pro-in.lammatory cytokin.s may still be elevated above physiological levels mon.hs-to-years followin. TBI, which is the time frame in.which post-TBI depression.can.persist. As tumor n.crosis factor α an. in.erleukin.1 can.sign.l directly at the n.uron.l syn.pse, pathophysiological levels of these cytokin.s can.detrimen.ally alter n.uron.l syn.ptic physiology. The purpose of this review is to outlin. the curren. eviden.e for the in.lammatory hypothesis of depression.specifically as it relates to depression.followin. a TBI. Moreover, we will illustrate the poten.ial syn.ptic mechan.sms by which tumor n.crosis factor α an. in.erleukin.1 could con.ribute to depression. The association.of in.lammation.with the developmen. of depression.is compellin.; however, in.the con.ext of post-TBI depression. the role of in.lammation.is un.erstudied. This review attempts to highlight the n.ed to un.erstan. an. treat the psychological complication. of a TBI, poten.ially by n.uroimmun. modulation. as the n.uropsychiatric disabilities can.have a great impact on.the rehabilitation.from the in.ury, an. overall quality of life.

关键词： con.ussion major-depressive disorder chron.c traumatic en.ephalopathy in.lammation tumor n.crosis factor α in.erleukin.1 microglia astrocytes syn.ptic physiology n.methyl-D-aspartic acid

Toward a biomarker pan.l measured in.Cn.-origin.tin. extracellular vesicles for improved differen.ial diagn.sis of Parkin.on.s disease an. multiple system atrophy

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Tran.lation.l n.urodegen.ration 2023年第1期12卷 677-680页

作者： Hash brown Taha Simon.Horn.n. Suman.Dutta Leon. Fen.ick Otman. Lahgui Kathryn.Howe n.ur Elabed Irish del Rosario Darice Y.Won. Alin. Duarte Folle Dan.ela Markovic Jose-Alberto Palma Un.Jun. Kan. Roy n.Alcalay Miriam Sklerov Horacio Kaufman. Bren. L.Fogel Jeff M.Bron.tein.Beate Ritz Gal Bitan Departmen. of n.urology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Departmen. of In.egrative Biology an. Physiology University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Departmen. of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Departmen. of Medicin. Statistics Core Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services ResearchUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Departmen. of n.urology Dysautonomia CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Departmen. of n.urology Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Departmen. of n.urology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael Departmen. of n.urology University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599USA Departmen. of n.urology The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement DisordersNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Departmen. of Human.Gen.tics David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA UCLA Clin.cal n.urogen.mics Research Cen.er David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Brain.Research In.titute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Molecular Biology In.titute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Presen. Address:Division.of Peptide Biochemistry TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of Munich85354 FreisingGermany

Syn.clein.pathies are n.urodegen.rative diseases char-acterized by accumulation.of misfoldedα-syn.clein.α-syn.in.lusion. in.n.uron.l an./or glial *** differen.es in.the un.erlyin. pathophysiology,syn.cle-in.pathies ... 详细信息

关键词： diagn.sis atrophy diseases

Direct laser writin. of volumetric gradien. in.ex len.es an. waveguides

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Light(Scien.e & Application.) 2020年第1期9卷 89-102页

作者： Christian.R.Ocier Corey A.Richards Dan.el A.Bacon.brown Qin. Din. Raman.Kumar Tan.er J.Garcia Jorik van.de Groep Jun.-Hwan.Son. Austin.J.Cyphersmith An.rew Rhode An.rea n.Perry Alexan.er J.Littlefield Jin.on. Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jon.h F.Messin.er Mark L.Bron.ersma Kiman. C.Toussain. Jr Lyn.ord L.Goddard Paul V.Braun Departmen. of Materials Scien.e an. En.in.erin. University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Beckman.In.titute for Advan.ed Scien.e an. Techn.logy University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Departmen. of Electrical an. Computer En.in.erin. University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Departmen. of Materials Scien.e an. En.in.erin. Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Carl R.Woese In.titute for Gen.mic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Departmen. of Mechan.cal Scien.e an. En.in.erin. University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA

Direct laser writin.(DLW)has been.shown.to ren.er 3D polymeric optical compon.n.s,in.ludin. len.es,beam expan.ers,an. mirrors,with submicrometer ***,these prin.ed structures are limited to the refractive in.ex an. dispersive properties of the ***,we presen. the subsurface con.rollable refractive in.ex via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that en.bles the tun.n. of the refractive in.ex over a ran.e of greater than.0.3 by performin. DLW in.ide photoresist-filled n.n.porous silicon.an. silica *** the laser exposure durin. prin.in. en.bles 3D submicron.con.rol of the polymer in.illin. an. thus the refractive in.ex an. chromatic *** SCRIBE’s un.receden.ed in.ex ran.e an. 3D writin. accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical Lun.burg len. operatin. at visible ***’s ability to tun. the chromatic dispersion.alon.side the refractive in.ex was leveraged to ren.er achromatic doublets in.a sin.le prin.in. step,elimin.tin. the n.ed for multiple photoresin. an. writin. *** also has the poten.ial to form multicompon.n. optics by cascadin. optical elemen.s within.a *** a demon.tration.stacked focusin. structures that gen.rate photon.c n.n.jets were fabricated in.ide porous ***,an.all-pass rin. reson.tor was coupled to a subsurface 3D *** measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 n. suggests the possibility of compact photon.c systems with optical in.ercon.ects that traverse multiple *** is un.quely suited for con.tructin. such photon.c in.egrated circuits due to its ability to in.egrate multiple optical compon.n.s,in.ludin. len.es an. waveguides,without addition.l prin.ed supports.

关键词： in.ex refractive ren.er

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猪打斗的生理反应及其对肉质的影响

肉类研究 1988年第2期 1-5页

作者： PauL D.Warriss,Steven.n.brown,和允璧英国肉类研究院英国肉类研究院南京肉联厂

80头商品杂交猪（50kg）由相等数量的公猪和阉猪组成,经48公里路程运输到屠宰场后置围栏中1小时,屠宰前禁食24个时.在运输和圈养期间猪从不同圈内被混合后而引起打斗.各个胴体照片记录了打斗损伤的程度.伤害的程度愈大,其血液中的肾上... 详细信息

80头商品杂交猪（50kg）由相等数量的公猪和阉猪组成,经48公里路程运输到屠宰场后置围栏中1小时,屠宰前禁食24个时.在运输和圈养期间猪从不同圈内被混合后而引起打斗.各个胴体照片记录了打斗损伤的程度.伤害的程度愈大,其血液中的肾上腺皮质素（P<0.001）、葡萄糖（P<0.01）和乳酸盐（P<0.001）的浓度愈高.打斗极为明显的猪其肾上腺中的抗坏血酸量较低（P<0.05）.储藏期间背最长肌的PH45、色泽和滴液的流失同打斗量无显著关联,但在损伤最大的胴体中半膜肌和内收肌出现较高的PHμ.公猪倾向于有较多的胴体损伤,

关键词：肉质半膜肌内收肌差异背最长肌公猪生理反应