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Enhanced optical absorption in semiconductor nano- particles enabled by nearfield dielectric scattering

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Nano Research 2017年第4期10卷 1292-1301页

作者： Kowsalya D. Rasamani Jonathan J. Foley IV brittney Beidelman Yugang Sun Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA Department of Chemistry William Paterson University 300 Pompton Road Wayne New Jersey 07470 USA Department of Physics Bryn Mawr College 101 North Merion Avenue Bryn Mawr Pennsylvania 19010 USA

The optical absorption of semiconducting AgBr nanocubes is significantly increased by up to 5 times in the measured spectral range when they are bonded to the surface of dielectric SiO2 nanospheres through electrostatic interaction. The absorption enhancement factor depends on the wavelength and the size of the SiO2 nanoparticles （NPs）. Finite-difference time-domain calculations provide the nearfield intensity mapping of a heterostructure that is composed of a AgBr nanocube in close contact with a SiO2 nanosphere. The electric-field distributions indicate the field enhancement near the SiO2/AgBr interface due to light scattering and absorption enhancement in the AgBr nanocube, implying that the enhanced scattering nearfield increases the absorption cross section of the AgBr nanocube. The absorption cross-section spectra calculated using Mie theory agree with the experimental observations. This discovery sheds light on the utilization of dielectric spherical particles to increase the absorption in semiconductor NPs, thus improving the light-harvesting efficiency for solar-energy conversion.

关键词： enhanced scattering nearfield dielectric scattering absorption enhancement Mie theory

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Phase Microstructure Design

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 1285-1302页

作者： Jiongzhi Yang Srivatsa Harish Candy Li Hengduo Zhao brittney Antous Pinar Acar Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg24061VAUSA

This paper presents a de-novo computational design method driven by deep reinforcement learning to achieve reliable predictions and optimum properties for periodic *** recent developments in 3-D printing,microstructures can have complex geometries and material phases fabricated to achieve targeted mechanical *** material property enhancements are promising in improving the mechanical,thermal,and dynamic performance in multiple engineering systems,ranging from energy harvesting applications to spacecraft *** study investigates a novel and efficient computational framework that integrates deep reinforcement learning algorithms into finite element-based material simulations to quantitatively model and design 3-D printed periodic *** algorithms focus on improving the mechanical and thermal performance of engineering components by optimizing a microstructural architecture to meet different design ***,the machine learning solutions demonstrated equivalent results to the physics-based simulations while significantly improving the computational time *** outcomes of the project show promise to the automation of the design and manufacturing of microstructures to enable their fabrication in large quantities with the utilization of the 3-D printing technology.

关键词： Deep learning reinforcement learning microstructure design

In vivo generation and regeneration ofβcells in zebrafish

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Cell Regeneration 2020年第1期9卷 92-101页

作者： Bingyuan Yang brittney A.Covington Wenbiao Chen Department of Molecular Physiology&Biophysics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine2215 Garland AvenueNashvilleTN 37232USA

The pathological feature of diabetes,hyperglycemia,is a result of an inadequate number and/or function of insulin producingβ*** functionalβcells is a strategy to cure the ***β-cell regeneration occurs in animal models under certain conditions,humanβcells are refractory to proliferation.A better understanding of both the positive and the negative regulatory mechanisms ofβ-cell regeneration in animal models is essential to develop novel strategies capable of inducing functionalβcells in *** are an attractive model system for studyingβ-cell regeneration due to the ease to which genetic and chemical-genetic approaches can be used as well as their high regenerative ***,we highlight the current state ofβ-cell regeneration studies in zebrafish with an emphasis on cell signaling mechanisms.

关键词： βcell attractive fish

Microbiological cultures and antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet cell autotransplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第4期22卷 426-429页

作者： Kristen R Szempruch Anne M Lachiewicz brittney M Williams Aman Kumar Xavier Baldwin Chirag S Desai Pharmacy Department University of North Carolina Medical CenterChapel HillNCUSA Division of Infectious Disease University of North Carolina Medical CenterChapel HillNCUSA Department of Surgery TransplantUniversity of North Carolina Medical CenterChapel HillNCUSA

To the Editor:Total pancreatectomy with islet cell autotransplantation(TPIAT)is a viable treatment option upon failed endoscopic and medical therapy for patients with chronic *** procedure involves surgical removal of the entire pancreas,isolation of islet cells and reinfusion of these cells into the liver via portal vein[1,2].The risk of contamination to the final islet cell product can occur at several stages of the isolation procedure[3].In order to ensure the sterility of the islet cell product,multiple samples from the preservation and cannulation solution,and the final islet cell product are sent for bacterial *** studies have found variable clinical consequences of these cultures on infectious com-plications or graft function[3-9].Herein we aimed to determine the incidence of infection in 60 days post-TPIAT and its association with the culture data.

关键词： islet patients viable

Posterior urethral stenosis:Contemporary management options

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UroPrecision 2024年第3期2卷 75-80页

作者： Jonathan Yu Mustafa Ahmed brittney Murray Divya Ajay Department of Urology Tripler Army Medical CenterHonoluluHawaiiUSA School of Medicine New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNew YorkUSA Department of Urology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA

Posterior urethral stenosis(PUS)is a known complication following prostate cancer treatment as well as other benign endoscopic *** with PUS often fail initial endoscopic treatments and have persistent symp-toms negatively affecting quality of *** the past decade,a variety of dif-ferent surgical techniques and approaches have changed the landscape of PUS *** goal of this review is to provide details on the his-torical,current,and future direction of the surgical management for PUS.

关键词： bladder neck contracture posterior urethral stenosis vesicourethral anastomotic stricture

Bioinformatic Game Theory and Its Application to Biological Affinity Networks

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Applied Mathematics 2013年第10期4卷 92-108页

作者： Bo Deng brittney Hinds Ximeng Zheng Etsuko N. Moriyama Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln USA School of Biological Sciences and Center for Plant Science Innovation University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln USA School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln USA

The exact evolutionary history of any set of biological taxa is unknown, and all phylogenetic reconstructions are approximations. The problem becomes harder when one must consider a mix of vertical and lateral phylogenetic signals. In this paper we propose a game theoretic approach to constructing biological networks. The key hypothesis is that evolution is driven by distinct mechanisms that seek to maximize two competing objectives, taxonomic conservation and diversity. One branch of the mathematical theory of games is brought to bear. It translates this evolutionary game hypothesis into a mathematical model in two-player zero-sum games, with the zero-sum assumption conforming to one of the fundamental constraints in nature in mass and energy conservation. We demonstrate why and how a mechanistic and localized adaptation to seek out greater information for conservation and diversity may always lead to a global Nash equilibrium in phylogenetic affinity. Our game theoretic method, referred to as bioinformatic game theory, is used to construct network clusters. As an example, we applied this method to clustering of a multidomain protein family. The protein clusters identified were consistent with known protein subfamilies, indicating that this game-theoretic approach provides a new framework in biological sequence analysis, especially in studying gene-genome and domain-protein relationships.

关键词： Bioinformatic Game Theory Biological Network Evolutionary Game Theory Nash Dynamics BNN Equations

<i>In-Vitro</i>Antiproliferative Analysis of Metformin Hydrochloride on Androgen-Sensitive, LNCAP and Androgen-Insensitive, PC-3 Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2017年第3期8卷 85-89页

作者： brittney V. Hinton Dolapo A. Adedeji Gloria E. Payne Dr. Herman G. Cooke Department of Natural Sciences Pharmacy & Health Professions Elizabeth City State University Elizabeth City NC USA

Prostate cancer is one of the diseases worldwide that causes cancer-related deaths in men. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that has been in use for over two decades for the treatment of Type II Diabetes mellitus (DM2). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-proliferative property of metformin hydrochloride on androgen-sensitive, LNCAP and androgen-insensitive, PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines at different concentrations (μM and mM) using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Metformin hydrochloride displayed a stronger cytotoxicity on the androgen-insensitive PC-3 than on the androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell lines. For both cell lines, the antiproliferative activity of metformin hydrochloride was best displayed at 0.1 mM concentration with average cell death percentage of 60% after 120-hour exposure.

关键词： Metformin Hydrochloride Prostate Cancer Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM2)

Sedation reversal trends at outpatient ambulatory endoscopic center vs in-hospital ambulatory procedure center using a triage protocol

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第7期16卷 413-423页

作者： Saqib Walayat Peter Stadmeyer Azfar Hameed Minahil Sarfaraz Paul Estrada Mark Benson Anurag Soni Patrick Pfau Paul Hayes brittney Kile Toni Cruz Deepak Gopal Department of Gastroenterology University of IllinoisPeoriaIL 61605United States Department of Gastroenterology University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53792United States Department of Internal Medicine Texas Health DentonDentonTX 76201United States Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahore 042Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Texas Tech University Health Services CenterEl PasoTX 79911United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705United States Finance Business Partners UW Health University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53792United States UW Health Digestive Health Center Endoscopy University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53792United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin Hospitals and ClinicsMadisonWI 53705United States

BACKGROUND Routine outpatient endoscopy is performed across a variety of outpatient settings.A known risk of performing endoscopy under moderate sedation is the potential for over-sedation,requiring the use of reversal *** needs to be reported on rates of reversal across different outpatient *** academic tertiary care center utilizes a triage tool that directs higher-risk patients to the in-hospital ambulatory procedure center(APC)for their ***,we report data on outpatient sedation reversal rates for endoscopy performed at an inhospital APC vs at a free-standing ambulatory endoscopy digestive health center(AEC-DHC)following risk stratification with a triage *** To observe the effect of risk stratification using a triage tool on patient outcomes,primarily sedation reversal *** We observed all outpatient endoscopy procedures performed at AEC-DHC and APC from April 2013 to September *** were stratified to their respective sites using a triage *** evaluated each procedure for which sedation reversal with flumazenil and naloxone was *** and characteristics recorded include patient age,gender,body mass index(BMI),American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)classification,procedure type,and reason for sedation *** There were 97366 endoscopic procedures performed at AEC-DHC and 22494 at the APC during the study *** these,17 patients at AEC-DHC and 9 at the APC underwent sedation reversals(0.017%vs 0.04%;P=0.06).Demographics recorded for those requiring reversal at AEC-DHC vs APC included mean age(53.5±21 vs 60.4±17.42 years;P=0.23),ASA class(1.66±0.48 vs 2.22±0.83;P=0.20),BMI(27.7±6.7 kg/m^(2) vs 23.7±4.03 kg/m^(2);P=0.06),and female gender(64.7%vs 22%;P=0.04).The mean doses of sedative agents and reversal drugs used at AEC-DHC vs APC were midazolam(5.9±1.7 mg vs 8.9±3.5 mg;P=0.01),fentanyl(147.1±49.9μg vs 188.9±74.1μg;P=0.10),flumazenil(0.3±0.18μg vs 0.17±0.17μg;P=0.13)and naloxo

关键词： Ambulatory care Conscious sedation Endoscopy Colonoscopy Risk assessment Risk factors

Circulating microRNA expression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with severe obesity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期30卷 332-345页

作者： Yi-Jie Li brittney O Baumert Nikos Stratakis Jesse A Goodrich Hao-Tian Wu Jing-Xuan He Yin-Qi Zhao Max T Aung Hong-Xu Wang Sandrah P Eckel Douglas I Walker Damaskini Valvi Michele A La Merrill Justin R Ryder Thomas H Inge Todd Jenkins Stephanie Sisley Rohit Kohli Stavra A Xanthakos Andrea A Baccarelli Rob McConnell David V Conti Lida Chatzi Department of Population and Public Health Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90032United States Barcelona Institute of Global Health Barcelona Institute of Global HealthBarcelona 08036Spain Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032United States Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30329United States Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Environmental Toxicology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616United States Department of Surgery Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIL 60611United States Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611United States Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH 45229United States Department of Pediatrics Children’s Nutrition Research Center USDA/ARSBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology Children’s Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90027United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children and *** ranges in severity from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),wherein hepatocellular inflammation and/or fibrosis coexist with *** microRNA(miRNA)levels have been suggested to be altered in NAFLD,but the extent to which miRNA are related to NAFLD features remains *** analysis tested the hypothesis that plasma miRNAs are significantly associated with histological features of NAFLD in *** To investigate the relationship between plasma miRNA expression and NAFLD features among adolescents with *** This study included 81 adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD and 54 adolescents without NAFLD from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery ***-operative core liver biopsies were collected from participants and used to characterize histological features of *** samples were collected during surgery for miRNA profiling.A total of 843 plasma miRNAs were profiled using the HTG EdgeSeq *** examined associations of plasma miRNAs and NAFLD features using logistic regression after adjusting for age,sex,race,and other key *** Pathways Analysis was used to identify biological functions of miRNAs that were associated with multiple histological features of *** We identified 16 upregulated plasma miRNAs,including miR-193a-5p and miR-193b-5p,and 22 downregulated plasma miRNAs,including miR-1282 and miR-6734-5p,in adolescents with ***,52,16,15,and 9 plasma miRNAs were associated with NASH,fibrosis,ballooning degeneration,and lobular inflammation,***,16 miRNAs were associated with two or more histological features of *** those miRNAs,miR-411-5p was downregulated in NASH,ballooning,and fibrosis,while miR-122-5p,miR-1343-5p,miR-193a-5p,miR-193b-5p,and miR-7845-5p were consistently and posi

关键词： MicroRNA Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liver fibrosis Lobular inflammation Ballooning degeneration