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The influence of mobility among high-risk populations on HIV transmission in Western Kenya

Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 97-106页

作者： Anna Bershteyn Kennedy K.Mutai Adam N.Akullian Daniel J.Klein britta l.jewell Samuel M.Mwalili Institute for Disease Modeling 3150139th Ave.SEBellevueWA 98005USA National Aids Control Council P.O.Box 61307-00200Argwings Kodhek RdNairobiKenya Department of Medicine University of California and San FranciscoZuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital1001 Potrero AvenueSan FranciscoCA 94110USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PO Box 606Village MarketNairobi00621Kenya

Western Kenya suffers a highly endemic and also very heterogeneous epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Although female sex workers(FSW)and their male clients are known to be at high risk for HIV,HIV prevalence across regions inWestern Kenya is not strongly correlated with the fraction of women engaged in commercial *** agentbased network model of HIV transmission,geographically stratified at the county level,was fit to the HIV epidemic,scale-up of interventions,and populations of FSW in Western Kenya under two assumptions about the potential mobility of FSW *** the first,all clients were assumed to be resident in the same geographies as their interactions with *** the second,some clients were considered non-resident and engaged only in interactions with FSW,but not in longer-term non-FSW partnerships in these *** both assumptions,the model successfully reconciled disparate geographic patterns of FSW and HIV *** patterns in the model suggest a greater role for FSW in local transmission when clients were resident to the counties,with 30.0%of local HIV transmissions attributable to current and former FSW and clients,compared to 21.9%when mobility of clients was ***,the overall epidemic drivers remained similar,with risky behavior in the general population dominating transmission in highprevalence *** modeling suggests that co-location of high-risk populations and generalized epidemics can further amplify the spread of HIV,but that large numbers of formal FSW and clients are not required to observe or mechanistically explain high HIV prevalence in the general population.

关键词： prevalence client stratified

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Targeting the “undruggable” RAS - new strategies - new hope?

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第3期2卷 813-826页

作者： britta Mörchen Oleksandr Shkura Raphael Stoll Iris Helfrich Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department Medical FacultyUniversity Duisburg-EssenWest German Cancer CenterEssen 45147Germany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK)partner site Düsseldorf/Essen Essen 45147Germany Biomolecular NMR Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University of BochumBochum D-44780Germany

K-RAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in solid tumors,such as pancreatic,colon or lung *** GTPase K-RAS can either be in an active(GTP-loaded)or inactive(GDP-loaded)*** its active form K-RAS forwards signals from growth factors,cytokines or hormones to the nucleus,regulating essential pathways,such as cell proliferation and *** turn,activating somatic mutations of this proto-oncogene deregulate the complex interplay between GAP(GTPase-activating)-and GEF(Guanine nucleotide exchange factor)-proteins,driving neoplastic *** to a rather shallow surface,K-RAS lacks proper binding pockets for small molecules,hindering drug development over the past thirty *** review summarizes recent progress in the development of low molecular antagonists and further shows insights of a newly described interaction between mutant K-RAS signaling and PD-l1 induced immunosuppression,giving new hope for future treatments of K-RAS mutated cancer.

关键词： K-RAS small molecules immune checkpoints PD-1 PD-l1

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Selenium Regulation of Selenium-dependent Glutathione Peroxidases in Animals and Transfected CHO Cells

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 346-355页

作者： ROGER A. SUNDE britta M. THOMPSON MElANIE D. PAlM SHERRI l.WEISS KEVIN M. THOMPSON AND JACQUElINE K. EVENSON(Nutritional Sciences Program and Department of Biochemistry,University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211 USA) Nutritional Sciences Program University of Missouri Columbia 65211 USA.

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) was the first identified selenium-dependent enzyme, and this enzyme has been most useful as a biochemical indicator of selenium (Se) status and the parameter of choice for determining Se requirements. We have continued to study Se regulation of GPX1 to better understand the underlying mechanism and to gain insight into how cells themselves regulate nutrient status. In progressive Se deficiency in rats, GPX1 activity,protein and mRNA all decrease in a dramatic, coordinated and exponential fashion such that Se-deficient GPX1 mRNA levels are 6-15% of Sexadequate levels. mRNA levels for other Sedependent proteins are far less decreased in the same animals. The mRNA levels for a second Se-dependent peroxidase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4 ), are little affected by Se deficiency, demonstrating that Se regulation of GPX1 is unique. Se regulation of GPX1 activity in growing male and female rats shows that the Se requirernent is 100 ng/g diet, based on liver GPX1 activity; use of GPX1 mRNA as the parameter indicates that the Se requirement is nearer to 50 ng Se/g diet in both male and female rats. This approach will readily detect an altered dietary Se requirement, as shown by the incremental increases in dietary Se requirement by 150, 100 or 50 ng Se/g diet in Seudeficient rat pups repleted with Se for 3, 7 or 14 d, respectively. Studies with CHO cells stably transfected with recombinant GPX1 also show that overexpression of GPX1 does not alter the minimum level of media Se necessary for Se-adequate levels of GPX1 activity or mRNA. We hypothesize that classical GPX1 has an integral biological role in the mechanism used by cells to regulate Se status,making GPX1 an especially useful and effective parameter for determining Se requirements in animals

关键词： GPX mRNA Selenium Regulation of Selenium-dependent Glutathione Peroxidases in Animals and Transfected CHO Cells CHO

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Highly efficient THz four-wave mixing in doped silicon

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light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 806-811页

作者： Nils Dessmann Nguyen H.le Viktoria Eless Steven Chick Kamyar Saeedi Alberto Perez-Delgado Sergey G.Pavlov Alexander F.G.van der Meer Konstantin l.litvinenko Ian Galbraith Nikolay V.Abrosimov Helge Riemann Carl R.Pidgeon Gabriel Aeppli britta Redlich Benedict N.Murdin Radboud University Institute for Molecules and MaterialsHFML-FELIXNijmegenThe Netherlands Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute of Optical Sensor Systems German Aerospace CenterBerinGermany Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences SUPAHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK leibniz-Institut fur Kristallzuchtung(IKZ) BerlinGermany laboratory for Solid State Physics ETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland Institut de Physique EPFL1015 LausanneSwitzerland Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 VlligenSwitzerland

Third-order non-linearities are important because they allow control over light pulses in ubiquitous high-quality centro-symmetric materials like silicon and *** four-wave mixing provides a direct measure of the third-order non-linear sheet susceptibility x^(3)(where l represents the material thickness)as well as technological possibilities such as optically gated detection and emission of *** picosecond pulses from a free electron laser,we show that silicon doped with P or Bi has a value of x^(3)lin the THz domain that is higher than that reported for any other material in any wavelength *** immediate implication of our results is the efficient generation of intense coherent THz light via upconversion(also a x^(3)process),and they open the door to exploitation of nondegenerate mixing and optical nonlinearities beyond the perturbative regime.

关键词： mixing wave Highly

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青少年对父母亲职及亲子关系质量的认知:香港与上海的比较

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社会 2006年第3期26卷 137-157页

作者：石丹理韩晓燕李美羚香港中文大学社会工作学系社会福利实践及研究中心上海社会科学院青少年研究所

本研究最基本的问题是:香港和上海的青少年在父母控制,亲子关系质量,以及心理健康方面是否存在着差异。香港(3,017名)和上海(3,022名)的中学生对以下几方面表达了自己的观点:父母行为控制、父母心理控制、透过中国文化本土观念评估的父... 详细信息

本研究最基本的问题是:香港和上海的青少年在父母控制,亲子关系质量,以及心理健康方面是否存在着差异。香港(3,017名)和上海(3,022名)的中学生对以下几方面表达了自己的观点:父母行为控制、父母心理控制、透过中国文化本土观念评估的父母管教、父母对传统中国文化亲职信念的认同、亲子关系质量,以及心理健康。从数据中可以得出以下结论:1)相对于上海的父母,香港父母的行为控制较弱,就传统中国文化管教观念而言的管教较弱,对传统中国文化管教子女信念的认同较弱,但他们的心理控制较强;2)相对于上海的青少年,香港的青少年认为亲子关系质量较差,他们的心理健康较差,并不太愿意在放学后回家,与父母或其他成年人在一起。

关键词：青少年父母控制亲子关系质量心理健康

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leukocyte Trafficking: Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, and Methods

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2005年

作者： Prof. Dr. Alf Hamann Prof. Dr. britta Engelhardt

ISBN: (数字)9783527607792

ISBN: (纸本)9783527312283

Written by known specialists in the field, this is a comprehensive and timely overview of a central and expanding topic. Simultaneously an introduction and a description of the latest concepts, findings and methods, the handbook provides basic knowledge on technical issues required for those intending to research in the field. It covers the functional role of involved molecules and the cellular mechanisms, and addresses selected examples for their possible application in therapy -- bridging the gap between trafficking mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, it includes selection of proven and timesaving methods for studying cell trafficking in vitro and in vivo. The accompanying CD-ROM makes leukocyte migration videos available to a broad audience for the first time.

关键词： leukocytes

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法罗群岛未孵化的管鼻鹱蛋中的羟基化PCB代谢物

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2005年第3期34卷 180-183,194页

作者： britta Fngstrm Maria Athanasiadou Ioannis Athanassiadis Pl Weihe ke Bergman 张国梁 Department of Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Faroese Hospital System

本文分析了从法罗群岛收集的管鼻鹱(Fulmarus glacialis)蛋中36种羟基多氯联苯类(OH-PCIs)衍生物。定量了19个样品中丰度最大的7种衍生物,∑OH-PCB总浓度变幅在0.92～4.0ng/g鲜重(fw.)之间。这些蛋类至少构成了一部分法罗群岛人传统饮... 详细信息

本文分析了从法罗群岛收集的管鼻鹱(Fulmarus glacialis)蛋中36种羟基多氯联苯类(OH-PCIs)衍生物。定量了19个样品中丰度最大的7种衍生物,∑OH-PCB总浓度变幅在0.92～4.0ng/g鲜重(fw.)之间。这些蛋类至少构成了一部分法罗群岛人传统饮食的一部分,而且可能导致了法罗群岛孕妇血液中这些污染物高水平的出现。因为这些代谢物出现于未经孵化的管鼻鹱的蛋中,可以断定在下蛋之前OH-PCB类就转移到了蛋中。在管鼻鹱蛋中检测到的3300～18000ng/g脂重(l.w.)的高水平的多氯联苯总浓度(ΣPCB),是相当重要的人体暴露源。高水平的PCB是羟基化PCB的代谢形成的来源之一。

关键词：代谢物 PCB 羟基化群岛孵化鼻多氯联苯传统饮食人体暴露

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沙特阿拉伯法赫德国王国家图书馆

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现代装饰 2014年第3期 72-77页

作者： Eckhard Gerber Thomas l1ckin britta Alker Olaf Ballerstedt Carolin Balkenhok Hans Christoph Bittner Markus Grtz Juana Grunwald Thomas Helms Nicole Juchems Alexandra Kranert Ren Koblank Nils Kummer Stefan lemke Jrg Schneweis Van Hai Nguyen EckhardGerber Gerber Architekten Kienle Planungsgesellschaft 姜敏华 Gerber Architekten

沙特阿拉伯法赫德国王国家图书馆是沙特阿拉伯重要的文化建筑之一。EckhardGerber教授和他的设计团队在沙特阿拉伯的首都利雅得完成了该项重要设计，全新的建筑很好地诠释出当代阿拉伯城市的发展与文化，此项设计起到促进城市发展的推... 详细信息

沙特阿拉伯法赫德国王国家图书馆是沙特阿拉伯重要的文化建筑之一。EckhardGerber教授和他的设计团队在沙特阿拉伯的首都利雅得完成了该项重要设计，全新的建筑很好地诠释出当代阿拉伯城市的发展与文化，此项设计起到促进城市发展的推动作用。

关键词：沙特阿拉伯国家图书馆德国文化建筑城市发展设计

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儿童手术前口服咪达唑仑对呼吸功能的影响

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麻醉与镇痛 2011年第6期7卷 38-43页

作者： britta S. von Ungern-Sternberg, MD Thomas O. Erb, MD, MHS Walid Habre, MD, PhD Peter D. Sly, MD, PhDI Zoltan Hantos, PhD 黄礼兵（译）崔苏扬（校） Department of Anesthesia Princess Margaret Hospital for Children University of Szeged Szeged Hungary Department of AnesthesiaDivision of Clin-ical Sciences Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child HealthResearch University of Western Australia Perth AustraliaUniversity of Szeged Szeged Hungary Department of AnesthesiaDivision of PaediatricAnesthesia University Children＇s Hospital Basel Basel SwitzerlandUniversity of Szeged Szeged Hungary Department of AnesthesiaDepartmentof Medical Informatics and Engineering University of Szeged Szeged Hungary 不详

背景为了缓解焦虑、提高患儿配合度，临床上常在麻醉前给患儿服用咪达唑仑。然而咪达唑仑的肌肉松弛作用具有影响患儿呼吸功能的潜在风险。我们分别评估患儿清醒时以及手术前口服咪达唑仑（0．3mg／kg）20分钟后的功能残气量（functiona... 详细信息

背景为了缓解焦虑、提高患儿配合度，临床上常在麻醉前给患儿服用咪达唑仑。然而咪达唑仑的肌肉松弛作用具有影响患儿呼吸功能的潜在风险。我们分别评估患儿清醒时以及手术前口服咪达唑仑（0．3mg／kg）20分钟后的功能残气量（functionalresidualcapacity，FRC）、通气协调性和呼吸力学特征，其中通气协调性以肺清除率指数（1ungclearanceindex，lCI）加以评价。方法18例3—8岁患儿口服咪达唑仑前后，采用六氰化硫（SF6）多次呼吸洗脱技术测定FRC和lCI，通过振荡技术获得输入阻抗，测定呼吸系统阻力与肺弹性阻力。结果麻醉前给予咪达唑仑导致患儿FRC均值降低6．5％，从25．0ml／kg降低至23．4ml／垤，该差异虽小但具有显著统计学意义，同时lCI由6．4增加至6．9，提高7．8％，这些都显示患儿的通气不协调性增加。此外，咪达唑仑导致患儿呼吸系统阻力增加了7．4％（从3．38±0．6到3．62±0．6cmH，0S／l，P〈0．001）．呼吸弹性阻力增加9．2％（48．8到52．9cmH2OS／l，P〈0．001）。FRC、lCI、肺阻力和弹性阻力等指标的变化具有显著相关性（P〈0．001）。结论手术前，给肺功能正常的患儿小剂量的咪达唑仑，短时间内呼吸参数改变较小。然而，麻醉医生应该意识到，对于存在呼吸系统并发症的高危患儿，咪达唑仑可能会明显抑制其呼吸功能。

关键词：咪达唑仑呼吸功能术前口服呼吸系统阻力呼吸系统并发症儿童弹性阻力肺清除率

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