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Nutrient and Microbial Reduction Properties in Pervious Composites for Blackwater Treatment

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Management Studies 2017年第3期5卷 212-218页

作者： Peter Owusu-Antwi Richard Buamah Isaac Slase Kuwomu Helen Essandoh Esi awuah Kweku Akuam Anno Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana University of Energy & Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Biological Filters & Composters Limited (BIOFILCOM) Accra Ghana

The focus of this experiment was to compare the treatment performance of nutrient and microbial reduction in granite （GR）, shredded polyethylene terephthalate （SP） and palm kernel shell （PKS） composites after solid/liquid separation of blackwater. Laboratory tests were conducted on replicated specimens of the GR, SP, and PKS pervious composites and the mechanisms of microbial reductions and nutrient transformation in blackwater treatment investigated after filtration. Six cylindrical specimens measuring 1 l0 mm x 100 mm and made from the GR, SP, and PKS were used to determine the physical and hydrologic properties （density and permeability） of the specimens. Additional six pervious specimens measuring 0.3 m x 0.3 m ~ 0.05 mm were used for the solid/liquid separation of blackwater. Blackwater was first infiltrated through a layer of coir fibre and net lining and then run through each pervious composite specimen. Nutrient （ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus） and microbial （Escherichia coli and coliforms） analyses were conducted on the effluent from the specimens and compared. The GR, SP, and PKS particle sizes were seen to be uniformly graded and similar. The composite specimens did not have significant effects on the nutrient transformations and removal of organic matter but for total phosphorus. However, escherichia coli and other coliforms＇s growth were limited in the SP. Hydrophobic interactions between the SP composite and microbial cells of the microbes could have promoted attachment and limited their growth. It was observed that the mean pH in the effluent filtered through the composites was higher than in the influent partly due to the availability of calcium carbonate in the cement. The study suggests that the SP composite is a promising alternative to the GR composite for the reduction of microbial constituents in blackwater vis-a-vis its light-weight compared to the other pervious composites.

关键词： Biofil removal efficiency solid/liquid separation vermicomposting PET composite

Stochastic Model of Waiting Time: A Case of Two Selected Banks in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis

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Open Journal of Statistics 2021年第5期11卷 906-924页

作者： Samuel Mawuli Azumah John awuah Addor Frank B. K. Twenefour Emmanuel M. Baah Department of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Science Takoradi Technical University Takoradi Ghana

Queue is an act of joining a line to be served and it is part of our everyday human involvement. The objectives of the study focused on using a mathematical model to determine the waiting time of two selected banks as well as compare the average waiting time between the banks. The study uncovered the extent of usage of queuing models in achieving customer satisfaction as well as permitting to make better decisions relating to potential waiting times for customers. The study adopted a case study and observational research with the source of data being primary. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the two banks under study with the target population comprising of all the customers who intended to transact businesses with the banks within the period of 11 am to 12 pm. The sample sizes for the first, second and third day of the first bank are twenty-eight (28), seventeen (17) and twenty (20) respectively with three servers on each day whereas that for the first, second and third day of the second bank is twenty (20), nine (9) and seventeen (17) with two servers on each day. A multiple server (M/M/s) Model was adopted, and Tora Software was the statistical tool used for the analysis. Findings of the study revealed that the second bank had a higher utilization factor than the first bank. Also, the number of customers in the banking hall of the second bank was higher than that of the first bank during the entire period of observation. Finally, it takes customers of the first bank lesser minutes to complete their transaction than the second bank. In conclusion, the three days observations revealed different banking situations faced by customers in both banks which had effect on waiting time of customer service. The waiting time of customer service has effect on the number of customers in the queue and system, the probability associated with the emptiness of the system and the utilization factor. Based on the results, the study recommended, inter

关键词： Average Waiting Time Multiple Server Model Queuing Modeling

Protein kinase inhibitors affect spermatogenic functions and blood testis barrier remodelling:A scoping review

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2023年第3期12卷 97-108页

作者： Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo Onome bright Oghenetega Falajiki Yewande Faith Emojevwe Victor Rotu Arientare Rume Joseph Gregory Uchechukwu Oyeleke Abiodun Abioye Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesAdeleke UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical ScienceBabcock UniversityIllisan-RomoOgun StateNigeria Department of Physiology University of Medical SciencesOndo StateNigeria Department of Physiology University of IbadanIbadanOyo StateNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Adeleke UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria Department of Physiology Federal University Oye-EkitiNigeria

Objective:To identify the role of protein kinase in male reproduction in animal models and human spermatogenic ***:This study assessed the protein kinase of male reproduction in animal models and human using different reviewed paper indexed in PubMed,Science Direct,EBSCO,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Sage Journals,and Google *** were charted based on author,year of publication published between 1893 and 2023,country,purpose,data collection,key findings,and research focus/***:The MAPK pathway contributed to the growth,maturation,and functionality of male germ *** also found out that certain influencing factors categorized into hormonal/non hormonal factors and chemotoxicant,as well as heat stress expressed an inhibitory mechanism on protein kinase,thus affecting spermatogenic functions and maintenance/remodeling of the blood testis barrier,as well as the physiology of the Sertoli cells necessary for nutritional support of ***,activating protein kinases pathway like the mTOR pathway as well as increased expression of peroxiredoxin-4 and L-carnitine mediated protein kinases may be useful for treating or managing male reproductive ***:Protein kinase plays an important role in spermatogenic functions and blood testis remodeling in animal and *** assessment provides essential information that can guide treatment strategies aimed at improving male reproductive *** together,these recent advances highlight a future therapeutic intervention in assessing male reproductive *** might also be possible to look at potential targets for male contraceptives in the MAPK pathway.

关键词： Spermatogenesis Protein kinase Inhibitors Sertoli cells Capacitation mTOR

MicroRNA profile in neosquamous esophageal mucosa following ablation of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第30期23卷 5508-5518页

作者： Loveena Sreedharan George C Mayne David I Watson Timothy bright Reginald V Lord Alfiya Ansar Tingting Wang Jakob Kist David StJ Astill Damian J Hussey Department of Surgery Flinders Medical Centre Flinders University St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research Department of Anatomical Pathology Flinders Medical Centre

To investigate the microRNA expression profile in esophageal neosquamous epithelium from patients who had undergone ablation of Barrett’s esophagus. METHODSHigh throughput screening using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA quantitative PCR was used to determine expression levels of 754 microRNAs in distal esophageal mucosa (1 cm above the gastro-esophageal junction) from 16 patients who had undergone ablation of non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus using argon plasma coagulation vs pretreatment mucosa, post-treatment proximal normal non-treated esophageal mucosa, and esophageal mucosal biopsies from 10 controls without Barrett’s esophagus. Biopsies of squamous mucosa were also taken from 5 cm above the pre-ablation squamo-columnar junction. Predicted mRNA target pathway analysis was used to investigate the functional involvement of differentially expressed microRNAs. RESULTSForty-four microRNAs were differentially expressed between control squamous mucosa vs post-ablation neosquamous mucosa. Nineteen microRNAs were differentially expressed between post-ablation neosquamous and post-ablation squamous mucosa obtained from the more proximal non-treated esophageal segment. Twelve microRNAs were differentially expressed in both neosquamous vs matched proximal squamous mucosa and neosquamous vs squamous mucosa from healthy patients. Nine microRNAs (miR-424-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-98-5p, miR-187-3p, miR-495-3p, miR-34c-5p, miR-223-5p, miR-539-5p, miR-376a-3p, miR-409-3p) were expressed at higher levels in post-ablation neosquamous mucosa than in matched proximal squamous and healthy squamous mucosa. These microRNAs were also more highly expressed in Barrett’s esophagus mucosa than matched proximal squamous and squamous mucosa from controls. Target prediction and pathway analysis suggests that these microRNAs may be involved in the regulation of cell survival signalling pathways. Three microRNAs (miR-187-3p, miR-135b-5p and miR-31-5p) were expressed at higher levels in post-

关键词： Neosquamous Barrett’s esophagus Ablation

Sustainability Assessment of Smallholder Farms in the Savannah Transition Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第11期12卷 1185-1214页

作者： Johnny Kofi Awoonor Edward Yeboah bright Fafali Dogbey Fowzia Adiyah Soil Genesis Survey and Classification Division CSIR-Soil Research Institute Kumasi Ghana Soil Microbiology Division CSIR-Soil Research Institute Kumasi Ghana Department of Soil Resources Management CSIR College of Science and Technology Accra Ghana Department of Soil Science Szent István University G&#246 dö llő Hungary

The ever-increasing human population has resulted in political pressure to increase crop production. Currently, smallholder farmers are expected to be environmentally considerate, adapt to extreme climatic conditions and deal with financial instability. Despite these recent developments, farmers and their farming activities in these rural environs of developing countries need to improve household food and income security on a sustainable basis. A minimum data set selected from extensive data was used to determine indicators for soil sustainability assessment. This method involved expert opinion and statistical data reduction techniques. The results indicated that SOC, MBC, BS, EC, Spo and sand were the most important variables selected as MDS using PC analysis. Forest and Grassland had a high sustainability index (SI) while Savannah woodland, Fallow and Cropland were rated not sustainable (NS). For Cumulative rating using the total dataset (CR-TDS), Forest had a high sustainability index (HS), Savannah woodland and Grassland were sustainable (S) compared to Fallow and Cropland, which were sustainable with high input (SWHI). Also, for cumulative rating using the minimum dataset (CR-MDS), Forest, Savannah woodland and Grassland had high sustainability (SH) indices compared to Fallow and Cropland, which were considered sustainable with high input (SWHI). Sustainability index (SI) and Cumulative rating (CR) using the total dataset (CR-TDS) had a strong correlation (R2 = 0.91, p 2 = 0.44, p 2 = 0.60, p < 0.05). These methods consider that these management goals dictate soil functions affecting the selection of indicators. Using PCA and variance analysis, silt, clay, EC, SOC, MBC and CEC relating to soil texture and fertility were identified as the most influential (sensitive) indicators for soil sustainability assessment. The selected soil attributes can serve as ta

关键词： Sustainability Land Use Principal Component Analysis Sustainability Index Smallholder Farms

Contraceptive Prevalence and Pattern among HIV Positive Women in Port Harcourt, South-South Nigeria

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2012年第3期23卷 186-192页

作者： Cosmos E.ENYINDAH bright O.ENAOHWO Department of Obstetrics And Gynaecology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Port Harcourt Department of Obstetrics And Gynaecology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Objective To evaluate the prevalence rate and pattern of contraceptive use among HIV positive women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods Anonymous self administered questionnaires were applied to HIV positive women receiving care at HIV clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between September and November 2010. Results A total of 228 questionnaires were retrieved out of 250 distributed. The grouping age 29-34 years accounted for 47.8% of the respondents, 51.3% had secondary education, 55.5% were married while 43.4% were nulliparous. The mode of acquiring HIV was unknown in 60.1% and 34.2% of their partners were HIV positive. Majority （64.0%） of the patients did not use any form of contraception before diagnosis while 42.1% used male condoms after diagnosis. Contraceptive methods used were female condom （0.4%）, oral contraceptive pills （16.2%）, abstinence （14.5%） and rhythm method （1.8%）, Only 6.1% used the dual method, which is the simultaneous use of two methods and one of which must be a condom. Contraceptive prevalence rate （CPR） was 81.1%. Conclusion Though the overall use of contraception in HIV positive women in Port Harcourt is high, the dual method use which protects against pregnancy and transmission of HIV is low. Dual method is the recommended method for HIV positive women who do not intend to get pregnant. Therefore the use of dual method should be advocated.

关键词： contraceptive HIV positive women Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Tropical Soils

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第4期6卷 234-247页

作者： John K. Bentum David K. Dodoo Peter K. kwakye David K. Essumang George A. Adjei Department of Chemistry College of Agric & Natural Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana University College of Agriculture and Environmental Studies Bunso Eastern Region Ghana

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tropical soil samples from the Central Region of Ghana, and their variation with the soil characteristics were assessed. The soil characteristics of seventy eight samples were first determined. The PCBs was extracted with (1:1) hexane:acetone mixture, and then the extract treated with concentrated H2SO4, 5% KMnO4 and copper. The extract was finally eluted from a silica gel column with hexane:dichloromethane (97:3 v/v), and the PCBs analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with 63Ni electron capture detector (GC-ECD model CP 3800). The composition of PCBs homologous in the soils followed the order: hexa-PCBs (31.89%) > penta- PCBs (23.98%) > tri-PCBs (18.47%) > tetra-PCBs (13.67%) > hepta-PCBs (11.99%). The PCB congener profile in the study area was PCB 28 > PCB 153 > PCB 138 > PCB 52 > PCB 101 > PCB 180 > PCB 118. The mean concentration of the PCB congeners (dry matter basis) was PCB 28, 2.27 ± 2.436;PCB 52, 1.84 ± 2.27;PCB 101, 2.17 ± 2.52 μg/kg;PCB 118, 0.83 ± 0.89 μg/kg;PCB 138, 0.99 + 0.91 μg/kg;PCB 153, 1.18 ± 1.11 μg/kg and PCB 180, 1.18 ± 1.19 μg/kg. The mean concentrations of ΣPCBs were 9.15 ± 0.52 μg/kg for the surface soils (0 - 10 cm), 7.55 ± 0.56 μg/kg and 7.82 ± 0.55 μg/kg for the 10 - 20 cm and 20 - 30 cm sub-surface soils respectively. Significant but weak correlations were observed between PCBs and the soil pH, moisture, and exchangeable base. The coefficient of determination for all significant correlations was between 6.6% and 18.75%.

关键词： Polychlorinated Biphenyls Soil Properties Principal Component Analysis Contamination

The Design of a Mobile Phone-Based Remote-Control Application to Submersible Motor for Effective Water Supply

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Journal of Sensor Technology 2022年第2期12卷 19-31页

作者： Winfred Adjardjah David bright Kofi Arthur Alex Ewuam Kingsley Nunoo Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Takoradi Technical University Takoradi Ghana

In the last few decades, several monitoring systems integrated with water level detection have been the major research focus. Production boost and its sustainability depend mainly on sustainable water supply, measuring water level, and avoiding waste of water is an essential task for all stakeholders. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design and implement a mobile phone-based remote control. This will be applied to control the operation of a submersible motor in a water tank. The water level in the tank is detected and the device remotely turns the motor pump on/off. The design process is accomplished by developing an android application that works on GSM technology to manage the filling of water tank. An AT89C51 microcontroller is used for the desired programming. At the transmitting end, sensor is used for level detection and GSM module is used to send the information to user. According to this information, user controls the on/off operation of the pump. A SIM card is required for its operation and it works on attention (AT) commands. After the design and implementation of the device, the test results showed that all features of the device worked properly, and the device functions exactly as expected. More significantly, the paper has shown that ultrasonic sensors can be used to determine the level of water in a water tank and a GSM module can be used to control a submersible pump. The design and implementation of this device can help to reduce waste of time and power. Ultimately, it avoids water wastage thereby ensuring availability, conservation, and sustainability of water supply.

关键词： Water Supply Submersible Motor Pump Mobile Phone GSM Android

Distribution of Respiratory Tract Infectious Diseases in Relation to Particulate Matter(PM_(2.5))Concentration in Selected Urban Centres in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

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Journal of Geographical Research 2022年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： Tamuno-owunari Perri Vincent Ezikornwor Weli bright Poronakie Tombari Bodo Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Ignatius Ajuru University of EducationRumuluminiRivers stateNigeria Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Port HarcourtNigeria Department of Flood Erosion Control and Coastal Zone ManagementRivers State Ministry of EnvironmentRivers StateNigeria

Due to the visibility of soot in the environment of the Niger Delta especially Rivers State that has led to the increase of Respiratory Tract Infections(RTIs)in the region,this study was undertaken to determine the relationship between Particulate Matter(PM_(2.5))concentration and the incident of Respiratory Tract Infections(RTIs)in selected urban centres of the Niger *** on RTIs were collected from the Hospital Management Boards of the Ministries of Health of Rivers,Bayelsa and Delta States and the data for PM_(2.5)were remotely sensed from 2016 to 2019,and subsequently analyzed with ANOVA and Spearman’s rank correlation *** findings of this study revealed that there was significant variation in the occurrence of PM_(2.5)across the selected urban centres in the Niger Delta *** PM_(2.5)for the reviewed years was far above the World Health Organization(WHO)annual permissible limit of 10μg/m^(3)thereby exacerbating Respiratory Tract Infections(RTIs).The epidemiology of the RTIs showed that there are basically four(4)prominent RTI diseases:Asthma,Tuberculosis,Pneumonia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD).The result of this study showed that the concentration of PM_(2.5)varies in all the selected cities,and the mean monthly variation(2016-2019)showed that Port Harcourt had 47.27μg/m^(3)for January while Yenagoa and Asaba had 46μg/m^(3)and 47.51μg/m^(3)respectively for January;while the lowest mean value in the cities were seen within the month of September and October,which also had a strong seasonal influence on the concentration of PM_(2.5).The concentration of PM_(2.5)and the numbers of RTIs also gradually increases in the study areas from 2016 to *** study recommends that the necessary regulatory bodies should closely monitor the activities of the companies likely to cause such pollution;guild them through their operations and give prompt sanctions and heavy fines to defaulters of the accepted standards.

关键词： Soot Particulate matter and respiratory tract infections Diseases