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Plastic multilayered closure versus orthopedic surgeon closure after spinal instrumentation in pediatric neuromuscular scoliosis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 30-35页

作者： Ekene U Ezeokoli Poornima L Tamma Neritan Borici Ifeoma Inneh Edward P Buchanan brian g smith Department of Orthopedic Surgery Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTexasUSA Department of Plastic Surgery Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

Objective To compare wound complication rates between orthopedic closure(OC)and plastic multilayered closure(PMC)in patients undergoing primary posterior spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis(NMS).We hypothesize that multilayered closure will be associated with better postoperative *** We collected data on pediatric patients diagnosed with NMS who underwent first time spinal instrumentation between 1 January 2018 and 31 May *** demographics,length of surgery,spinal levels fused and operative variables,wound complication rate,treatments,and need for wound washout were reviewed in depth and *** In total,86 patients were reviewed:46 with OC and 40 with *** was a significant increase in operating room(OR)time with PMC compared with OC(6.7±1.2 vs 7.3±1.3,p=0.016).There was no difference in complication rate,mean postoperative day of complication or unplanned return to the OR for OC and PMC,*** was a slightly significant increase in the number of patients going home with a drain in the PMC cohort compared with the OC cohort(2.1%vs 15%,p=0.046).Conclusions PMC demonstrated longer OR times than OC and did not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in wound complications or unplanned returns to the ***,other studies have demonstrated statistical and clinical significance with these *** programs should review internal patient volumes and outcomes for spinal fusion in NMS patients and consider if PMC after spinal fusions in pediatric patients with NMS or other scoliosis subtypes is an appropriate option in their institution to minimize postoperative wound complications.

关键词： wound pediatric closure

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Facile synthesis of intra-nanogap enhanced Raman tags with different shapes

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8415-8423页

作者： Sanjun Fan brian T.Scarpitti Zhewen Luo Abigail E.smith Jian Ye Zachary D.Schultz Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Hot spot engineering in plasmonic nanostructures plays a significant role in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)for bioanalysis and cell ***,creating stable,reproducible,and strong SERS signals remains challenging due to the potential interference from surrounding chemicals and locating SERS-active analytes into hot-spot ***,we developed a straightforward approach to synthesize intra-gap nanoparticles encapsulating 4-nitrobenzenethiol(4-NBT)as a reporter molecule within these gaps to avoid outside *** made three kinds of intra-gap nanoparticles using nanorods,bipyramids,and nanospheres as cores,in which the nanorods based intra-gap nanoparticles exhibit the highest SERS *** advantage of our method is the ease of preparation of high-yield and stable intra-gap nanoparticles characterized by a short incubation time(10 min)with 4-NBT and quick synthesis without requiring an additional step to centrifuge for the purification of core *** intense localized field in the synthesized hot spots of these plasmonic gap nanostructures holds great promise as a SERS substrate for a broad range of quantitative optical applications.

关键词： hot spot engineering surface enhanced Raman scattering intra-gap nanoparticles 4-nitrobenzenethiol

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Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： gonzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung brian Walsh David g.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/CAS SMILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHD-based OpenggCM model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich brian Cole Teng Li Brandon Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.Doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron D.Franklin Tony Jun Huang Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates brian H.Davison James g.Elkins Xin gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

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Novel Heat Transfer Issues Associated with the Design and Safe Operation of the MEgAPIE Spallation Source Target

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Journal of Thermal Science 2007年第1期16卷 63-78页

作者： brian L.smith Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory Paul Scherrer InstituteSwitzerland

Critical heat transfer problems are discussed in the context of the operation of a spallation source target, which represents a first demonstration of the feasibility of an innovative concept for generating energy using a particle accelerator. Within the framework of the umbrella project MEgAPIE, an R＆D support group was organized to take responsibility for target cooling. This involved the use of advanced numerical methods - Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） and Finite Element Method （FEM） - validated against suitable experimental data, and by means of appropriate benchmarking exercises. The design studies using CFD resulted in an optimum flow configuration being defined for the coolant circulation. Flow visualization tests were undertaken using a glass/water test section, with the velocity field mapped using optical and ultrasonic measuring techniques. These were followed by heat transfer tests, using the actual target materials （lead-bismuth-eutectic coolant and steel confinement）. Further CFD/FEM work to analyze operational transients and accident sequences was also carded out, and is described in the paper.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics finite element method liquid-metal coolant spallation source target

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Numerical simulation on inclusion transport in continuous casting mold

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2006年第4期13卷 293-300页

作者： Lifeng Zhang brian g Thomas Department of Materials Science ＆ Engineering Norwegian University of Science ＆ Technology （NTNU） Alfred Getz vei 2 N-7491 Trondheim Norway University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1206 W. Green St. Urbana IL 61801 USA

Turbulent flow, the transpor＇t of inclusions and bubbles, and inclusion removal by fluid flow, transport and by bubble flotation in the strand of the continuous slab caster are investigated using computational models, and validated through comparison with plant measurements of inclusions. Steady 3-D flow of steel in the liquid pool in the mold and upper strand is simulated with a finitedifference computational model using the standard k-εturbulence rondel. Trajectories of inclusions and bubhles tire calculated by integrating each local velocity, considering its drag and buoyancy forces, A ＂random walk＂ model is used to incorporate the effect of turbulent fluctuations on the particle motion. The attachment probability of inclusions on a bubble surface is investigated based on fundamental fluid flow simulations, incorporating the turbulent inclusion trajectory and sliding time of each individual inclusion along the bubble surface as a function of particle and bubble size. The chunge in inclusion distribution due to removal by bubble transport in the mold is calculated based on the computed attachment probability of inclusions on each bubble and the computed path length of the bubbles. The results indicate that 6%-10% inclusions are removed by fluid flow transport. 10% by bubble flotation, and 4% by entrapment to the submerged entry nozzle （SEN） walls. Smaller bubbles and larger inclusions have larger attachment probabilities. Smaller bubbles are more efficient for inclusion removal by bubble flotation, so Inng as they are not entrapped in the solidifying shell A larger gas flow rate favors inclusion removal by bubble flotation. The optimum bubble size should be 2-4mm.

关键词： inclusion removal fluid flow transport bubble flotation continuous casting mold attachment probability

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The role of behavior in tern conservation

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 500-514页

作者： brian g. PALESTIS Department of Biological Sciences Wagner College Staten Island NY 10301 USA

Behavioral research has long had an important role in the conservation of terns （Ayes： Stemidae）. Habitat management and restoration of breeding colony sites depends on knowledge of the cues used to select colony and nest sites. For example, conspecific attraction with playback and decoys is commonly used to bring terns to suitable colony sites and habitat modification is often used to increase the availability of suitable nest sites. Tern colonies are interconnected by dispersal, and a metapopulation approach is needed for effective management. Population dynamics are therefore affected by behaviors that influence the frequency of movement among colony sites： site fidelity, natal and breeding dispersal, and group adherence. The monogamous breeding system of terns should keep effective population size similar to census population size, but variation in sex ratios （likely resulting from sex differences in behavior） and in parental quality can result in a smaller than expected effective population size. In addition to the behavior of terns, knowledge of the behavior of predators on terns contributes to management plans, because predator behavior can sometimes be manipulated and predation is often performed by only a few specialized individuals. Other examples of links between tern behavior and conservation are also briefly reviewed, such as behavioral toxicology research and studies of behavioral responses to human disturbance and manmade structures. More work is needed on the behavior of migratory terns at staging sites, stopover sites and wintering grounds, and on the behavior of less well-studied species and species in less well-studied geographic regions [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 500-514, 2014].

关键词： Effective population size Habitat modification Metapopulations Predator control Restoration Stemidae

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Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： John g.INNES grant NORBURY Araceli SAMANIEgO Susan WALKER Deborah J.WILSON Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all *** order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat ***,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat *** management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual *** describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration *** challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by *** 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat ***“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant *** with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main *** Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by *** vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and *** large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

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Quantum photonics: feature introduction

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Photonics Research 2019年第12期7卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： XIAN-MIN JIN M.S.KIM brian J.smith School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China QOLS Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of Physics and Oregon Center for Optical Molecularand Quantum ScienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregon 97403USA

Photons,the individual quanta of the light field,are what the science of quantum photonics is dedicatedly *** manipulation and coherent control of photons in quantum photonics enables the exploration of various quantum phenomena of high fundamental *** the meantime,due to the fast speed and a lack of the interaction with the environment,photons are now regarded as a promising platform for the emerging quantum information processing(QIP)***,there is a growing number of works on quantum computing,quantum communication,and quantum metrology that are solidly based on the techniques of quantum photonics.

关键词： quantum coherent enable

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