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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 287-293页

作者： Dinesh Babu Somasundaram Andrew Maher Sheeja Aravindan Zhongxin Yu brian MBesch Natarajan Aravindan Department of Radiation Oncology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA Stephenson Cancer Center Oklahoma CityOKUSA Department of Pathology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA Radiation Biology laboratory University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterBSEB 302F941 Stanton L.Young BoulevardOklahoma CityOK 73104USA

Progressive neuroblastomas(pNBs)that defy current intensive multimodal clinical therapy(IMCT)are a significant contributor to overall childhood cancer deaths[l].Neuroblastomas(NBs)that survive first-line IMCT actively evolve to acquire genetic and molecular rearrangements and display unparalleled plasticity and evolution,which causes frequent relapses in a rapidly accelerating timeline[2-4].

关键词： neuroblastoma clinical evolve

From biomimicry to bioelectronics:Smart materials for cardiac tissue engineering

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1253-1267页

作者： Olurotimi A.Bolonduro Breanna M.Duffy Akshita A.Rao lauren D.Black brian P.Timko Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusetts 02155USA Department of Cell Molecular&Developmental BiologySchool of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityMassachusetts 02111USA

Effective strategies in cardiac tissue engineering require matrices that recapitulate the mechanical,topographic and electrical cues present in the native extracellular *** this review,we discuss recent efforts in materials science and nanotechnology to achieve functional three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds that modulate and monitor cardiac tissue *** consider key design considerations,including choice of biopolymer matrix,cell sources,and delivery methods for eventual *** then discuss how solid-state nanomaterials may be integrated within these systems to provide unique electrical and nanotopographic cues that improve electromechanical *** describe how these approaches may be extended to complex,spatially heterogeneous constructs using 3D bioprinting ***,we describe how scaffold materials may be augmented with bioelectronic components to achieve hybrid myocardium that monitors or controls electrophysiological ***,these approaches provide a framework for achieving cardiac tissues with tunable,rationally-designed *** discuss future prospects and remaining challenges for clinical translation.

关键词： cardiac tissue engineering extracellular matrix nanomaterial bioelectronics cyborg

long-term effects of fire frequency and season on herbaceous vegetation in savannas of the Kruger National Park,South Africa

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 71-83页

作者： Melinda D.Smith brian Wvan Wilgen Catherine E.Burns Navashni Govender Andre l.F.Potgieter Sandy Andelman Harry C.Biggs Judith Botha Winston S.W.Trollope Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityPO Box 208106New HavenCT 06520USA Centre for Invasion Biology Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Natural Resources and the EnvironmentPO Box 320Stellenbosch 7600South Africa North Carolina Chapter Office The Nature Conservancy4705 University DriveSuite 290DurhamNC 27707USA Scientific Services South African National ParksPrivate Bag X402Skukuza 1350South Africa Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring(TEAM)NetworkConservation International2011 Crystal DriveSuite 500ArlingtonVA 22202USA Department of livestock and Pasture Science University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa

Aims:The long-term effects of changing fire regimes on the herbaceous component of savannas are poorly understood but essential for understanding savanna *** present results from one of the longest running(>44 years)fire experiments in savannas,the experimental burn plots(EBPs),which is located in the Kruger National Park(South Africa)and encompasses four major savanna vegetation types that span broad spatial gradients of rainfall(450–700 mm)and soil ***:Herbaceous vegetation was sampled twice in the EBPs using a modified step-point method,once prior to initiation of the experiment(1954)and again after 44–47 *** combinations of three fire frequency(1-,2-and 3-year return intervals)and five season(before the first spring rains,after the first spring rains,mid-summer,late summer and autumn)treatments,as well as a fire exclusion treatment,were applied at the plot level(;7 ha each),with each treatment(n=12 total)replicated four times at each of the four sites(n=192 plots total).The effects of long-term alterations to the fire regime on grass community structure and composition were analyzed separately for each *** Findings:Over the 44+years duration of the experiment,fires were consistently more intense on sites with higher mean annual rainfall(>570 mm),whereas fires were not as intense or consistent for sites with lower and more variable rainfall(lly higher herbivory due to greater soil *** the plots were open to grazing,the impacts of herbivory along with more variable rainfall regimes likely minimized the effects of fire for the more arid *** a consequence,fire effects on grass community structure and composition were most marked for the higher rainfall sites and generally not significant for the more arid *** the high-rainfall sites,frequent dry season fires(1-to 3-year return intervals)resulted in high grass richness,evenness and diversity,whereas fire exclusion and growing se

关键词： climate fire intensity grass herbivory soil fertility

Cholera Toxin Suppresses Interleukin (Il)-12 Production and Il-12 Receptor β1 and β2 Chain Expression

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Cholera Toxin Suppresses Interleukin (IL)-12 Production and ...

商业中心与零售业布局 theory and applications

作者： Michae C．Braun brian l．Kelsall Immune Cell Interaction Unit Mucosal Immunity Section

Cholera toxin (CT) is a potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant, which has been shown to induce T helper cell type 2 (Th2) responses in systemic and mucosal tissues. We report that CT inhibits the production of interleukin (Il)-12,a major Th2 counterregulatory ***-12 p70 production by stimulated human monocytes was inhibited by CT in a dose-dependent manner. This suppression occurred at the level of gene transcription, was maximal at low concentrations of CT, and was dependent on the A subunit of the toxin, since purified CT B subunit had minimal effect. CT also inhibited the

关键词： interleukin 12 monocytes dendritic cells Th1 and Th2 cells cholera toxin

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商业中心与零售业布局 theory and applications

Geo-environmental parametric 3D models of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in hospital ventilation systems

2006年

作者： brian J. l. Berry等王德等译

本书阐述了中心地体系的形成与商业布局、中心地理论及等级特征、周期性市场体系、零售选址和市场地理学等。

关键词：商业中心学科:城市规划城市规划

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 244-256页

作者： Carla Gabriela Carlot Zorzi Alcindo Neckel laércio Stolfo Maculan Grace Tibério Cardoso leila Dal Moro Alexandre Almeida Del Savio leopoldo D.Z.Carrasco Marcos l.S.Oliveira Eliane Thaines Bodah brian William Bodah Faculdade Meridional IMED304-Passo Fundo-RS 99070-220Brazil Universidad de lima Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600–Santiago de Surco 1503Peru Department of Civil and Environmental.Universidad de la Costa CUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia State University of New York Onondaga Community College4585 West Seneca TurnpikeSyracuseNY 13215USA Thaines and Bodah Center for Education and Development 840 South Meadowlark LaneOthelloWA 99344USA

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has the potential to cause natural ventilation systems in hospital environments to be rendered inadequate, not only for workers but also for people who transit through these environments even for a limited duration. Studies in of the fields of geosciences and engineering,when combined with appropriate technologies, allow for the possibility of reducing the impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the environment, including those of hospitals which are critical centers for healthcare. In this work, we build parametric 3D models to assess the possible circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the natural ventilation system of a hospital built to care infected patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building Information Modeling(BIM) was performed, generating 3D models of hospital environments utilizing Revit software for Autodesk CFD 2021. The evaluation considered dimensional analyses of 0°, 45°, 90° and 180°. The analysis of natural ventilation patterns on both internal and external surfaces and the distribution of windows in relation to the displacement dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the air were considered. The results showed that in the external area of the hospital, the wind speed reached velocities up to 2.1 m/s when entering the building through open windows. In contact with the furniture, this value decreased to 0.78 m/s. In some internal isolation wards that house patients with COVID-19, areas that should be equipped with negative room pressure, air velocity was null. Our study provides insights into the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in internal hospital environments as well as external areas surrounding hospitals, both of which encounter high pedestrian traffic in cities worldwide.

关键词： COVID-19 global epidemic Dimensional analysis Wind velocity Hospital environment Contamination

Examination of Sexually Dimorphic Behavior on the Novel-Image Novel-location Recognition Memory Test

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2011年第3期1卷 134-139页

作者： brian J. Piper Alia l. Yasen Jeremy K. Miller 不详

Objectives: Sex differences in object location memory favoring females appear to be a replicable phenomenon but may also depend on the task demands. This investigation evaluated if females outperformed males at both a short (immediate) and long (half-hour) interval between the learn and test condition using a recently developed version of the Novel-Image Novel-location (NINl) test (Piper et al. 2011, Physiology & Behavior, 103, 513 - 522). Methods: Young-adults (N = 184) completed a standardized handedness inventory and the NINl. Results: Participants assigned to the Immediate and Delayed conditions did not differ in age, sex, or handedness. The NINl total score was higher among females at the Immediate, but not Delayed, interval. However, within the Delayed condition, females excelled at correctly identifying the unchanged items with a similar pattern for the Novel-location (Nl) scale. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with the view that sexually dimorphic performance favoring females in neurocognitive function can also extend to tasks that have a spatial component.

关键词： Apolipoprotein E Female learning Memory

Barriers in performing physical assessment among nursing students:An integrative review

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2021年第1期8卷 120-129,I0008页

作者： Jestoni D.Maniago Evelyn E.Feliciano Adelina M.Santos Cyrelle l.Agunod Cris S.Adolfo brian A.Vasquez Abdulrhman Albougami Joseph U.Almazan Department of Nursing College of Applied Medical SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Nazarbayev University School of Medicine Nazarbayev UniversityNur-Sultan010000Republic of Kazakhstan

Objectives:This study aimed to identify barriers in performing physical assessments among nursing students through integrative review ***:The literature were searched in Medline,CINAHl,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,ProQuest,and Taylor&Francis Online using the descriptors barrier,physical assessment,nursing student et *** English-language and peer-reviewed journal articles were included,and there were no year ***:Twelve articles were selected for *** aspects were extracted:the barriers included personal challenges,challenges related to nursing education,challenges related to clinical practice;establishing competency-based education learning as a method to reduce physical assessment *** competencies and experiences were influenced by various factors that collectively hindered their successful performance of physical ***:The review findings provide valuable insights into the complex issues involved in the performance of physical assessments and guidance for improvement in practice.A collaborative effort should be made to address the issues often faced by nursing students in performing routine physical ***,more constructive and competency-based teaching methods should be integrated into academic and clinical settings.

关键词： Clinical competence Nursing education Physical assessment Problem solving

Counter-regulatory phosphatases TNAP and NPP1 temporally regulate tooth root cementogenesis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第1期7卷 27-41页

作者： laura E Zweifler Mudita K Patel Francisco H Nociti Jr Helen F Wimer Jose l Milln Martha J Somerman brian l Foster National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Division of Periodontics School of Dentistry Campinas State University Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Sanford Children’s Health Research Center Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute

Cementum is critical for anchoring the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root. Several aspects of cementogenesis remain unclear, including differences between acellular cementum and cellular cementum, and between cementum and bone. Biomineralization is regulated by the ratio of inorganic phosphate （Pi） to mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate （PPi）, where local Pi and PPi concentrations are controlled by phosphatases including tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase （TNAP） and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 （NPP1）. The focus of this study was to define the roles of these phosphatases in cementogenesis. TNAP was associated with earliest cementoblasts near forming acellular and cellular cementum. With loss of TNAP in the Alpl null mouse, acellular cementum was inhibited, while cellular cementum production increased, albeit as hypomineralized cementoid. In contrast, NPP1 was detected in cementoblasts after acellular cementum formation, and at low levels around cellular cementum. loss of NPP1 in the Enppl null mouse increased acellular cementum, with little effect on cellular cementum. Developmental patterns were recapitulated in a mouse model for acellular cementum regeneration, with early TNAP expression and later NPP1 expression. In vitro, cementoblasts expressed Alpl gene/protein early, whereas Enppl gene/protein expression was significantly induced only under mineralization conditions. These patterns were confirmed in human teeth, including widespread TNAP, and NPP1 restricted to cementoblasts lining acellular cementum. These studies suggest that early TNAP expression creates a low PPi environment promoting acellular cementum initiation, while later NPP1 expression increases PPi, restricting acellular cementum apposition. Alterations in PPi have little effect on cellular cementum formation, though matrix mineralization is affected.

关键词： cementum bone ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 periodontal ligament progressive ankylosis protein tissue-nonspecific aJkalJne phosphatase

Testing whether adrenal steroids mediate phenotypic and physiologic effects of elevated salinity on larval tiger salamanders

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 27-44页

作者： brian J.TORNABENE Erica J.CRESPI Creagh W.BREUNER Blake R.HOSSACK Wildlife Biology Program W.A.Franke College of Forestry&ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA School of Biological Sciences Center for Reproductive SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterMissoulaMontanaUSA

Salinity(sodium chloride,NaCl)from anthropogenic sources is a persistent contaminant that negatively affects freshwater *** can be susceptible to salinity,but some species are innately or adaptively *** mechanisms mediating tolerance to salinity are still unclear,but changes in osmoregulatory hor-mones such as corticosterone(CORT)and aldosterone(AlDO)are prime *** exposed larval barred tiger salamanders(Ambystoma mavortium)to environmentally relevant NaCl treatments(l-1)for 24 days to test effects on growth,survival,and waterborne CORT *** those sampled,we also quantiﬁed waterborne AlDO from a *** a glucocorticoid antagonist(RU486),we also experimentally suppressed CORT signaling of some larvae to determine if CORT mediates effects of *** were no strong differ-ences in survival among salinity treatments,but salinity reduced dry mass,snout–vent length,and body condition while increasing water content of *** survival and sublethal effects demonstrated that salamanders were physiologically challenged but could tolerate the experimental *** signaling did not attenuate sublethal effects of *** and stress-induced(after an acute stressor,shaking)CORT were not inﬂu-enced by *** was correlated with baseline CORT,suggesting it could be difﬁcult to decouple the roles of CORT and *** studies comparing AlDO and CORT responses of adaptively tolerant and previously unexposed populations could be beneﬁcial to understand the roles of these hormones in tolerance to ***-ertheless,our study enhances our understanding of the roles of corticosteroid hormones in mediating effects of a prominent anthropogenic stressor.

关键词： caudate conservation physiology glucocorticoids sodium chloride tolerance