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The health and economic benefits of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (2000–2014)

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 453-471页

作者： Hugo C.Turner Alison A.Bettis brian k.chu Deborah A.McFarland Pamela J.Hooper Eric A.Ottesen Mark H.Bradley London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research LondonUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineSt Marys CampusImperial College LondonNorfolk PlaceLondon W21PGUK Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center Task Force for Global HealthDecaturGAUSA Rollins School of Public Health Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA. Global Health Programs GlaxoSmithKlineLondonUK

Background:Lymphatic filariasis(LF),also known as elephantiasis,is a neglected tropical disease(NTD)targeted for elimination through a Global Programme to Eliminate LF(GPELF).Between 2000 and 2014,the GPELF has delivered 5.6 billion treatments to over 763 million *** the estimated health and economic benefits of this significant achievement is important in justifying the resources and investment needed for eliminating ***:We combined previously established models to estimate the number of clinical manifestations and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)averted from three benefit cohorts(those protected from acquiring infection,those with subclinical morbidity prevented from progressing and those with clinical disease alleviated).The economic savings associated with this disease prevention was then analysed in the context of prevented medical expenses incurred by LF clinical patients,potential income loss through lost-labour,and prevented costs to the health system to care for affected *** indirect cost estimates were calculated using the human capital approach.A combination of four wage sources was used to estimate the fair market value of time for an agricultural worker with LF infection(to ensure a conservative estimate,the lowest wage value was used).Results:We projected that due to the first 15 years of the GPELF 36 million clinical cases and 175(116–250)million DALYs will potentially be *** was estimated that due to this notable health impact,US$100.5 billion will potentially be saved over the lifetimes of the benefit *** total amount results from summing the medical expenses incurred by LF patients(US$3 billion),potential income loss(US$94 billion),and costs to the health system(US$3.5 billion)that were projected to be *** results were subjected to sensitivity analysis and were most sensitive to the assumed percentage of work hours lost for those suffering from chronic disease(changing the total economic

关键词： Lymphatic filariasis DALYs averted Health impact Economic impact GPELF Programme evaluation

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功函促进钼基异质结电催化剂的电子结构重整提升其析氢反应活性（英文）

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Science China Materials 2025年第1期 189-198页

作者：陈想冯帅谢松苗亚萍高标张旭明黄莉李筠 Paul k.chu 彭祥 Hubei key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Textile Science and Engineering Xi'an Polytechnic University The State key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co. Ltd. Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong

Mo基催化剂在电催化析氢反应（HER）中具有巨大应用潜力.然而,其活性位点的暴露不足、极强的氢吸附能力导致其催化性能未能充分体现.本文在碳布上构筑了Mo2N–MoSe2异质结（MNS）,以增强Mo基催化剂的HER活性.由于MNS中的Mo2N具有较低的...

Mo基催化剂在电催化析氢反应（HER）中具有巨大应用潜力.然而,其活性位点的暴露不足、极强的氢吸附能力导致其催化性能未能充分体现.本文在碳布上构筑了Mo2N–MoSe2异质结（MNS）,以增强Mo基催化剂的HER活性.由于MNS中的Mo2N具有较低的功函数,能够在异质界面产生内建电场,显著提高了其在HER中电荷转移效率.此外,MNS中原子之间的强电子相互作用优化了Mo位点的电子结构,降低了氢吸附能力,进一步增强了其本征催化活性.因此, MNS催化剂产生20 m A cm-2和1 A cm-2的析氢电流密度所需的过电位仅为65和210 mV, Tafel斜率仅为96 mV dec-1.此外, MNS在1 A cm-2电流密度下稳定运行240小时后,形貌、结构和性能均无明显变化.以上研究结果为工业大电流制氢所需的非贵金属基电催化剂的设计和合成提供了新思路.

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Ink Dispersion on Qianlong Xuan Paper with Improved Ink Expression

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第2期32卷 182-188页

作者： Shuyi Wu Xinglong Wu Paul k.chu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing University Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong Kong

Qianlong Xuan paper, lost two hundred years ago, was reproduced by engineers in Red-Star Xuan Paper Limited Liability Company of China. Its remarkable performance and profound historical value are highly regarded by artists and the paper commands very high price in the commercial market. Ink penetrates and spreads optimally in the paper and the words exhibit clear edges with small fluctuations because of the desirable wettability and wicking. These characteristics make it stand out from three Xuan paper samples. The good wettahility, verified by contact angle measurements, is an essential prerequisite to strong wicking. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is performed to determine the chemical structure of Qianlong Xuan paper and the relatively large hydrogen bonding ratio contributes to the hydrophilicity. The microstructure investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy reveals wide fibers and a uniform fiber arrangement with good connectivity, dense network, as well as rough fiber surface. These unique properties endow Qianlong Xuan paper with strong wicking to improve the ink expression.

关键词： Qianlong Xuan paper Wettability Homogeneity Wicking Surface roughness

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Environmentally friendly wollastonite@TiO2 composite particles prepared by a mechano-chemical method

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Particuology 2018年第5期16卷 105-112页

作者： Xifeng Hou Yihe Zhang Hao Ding Paul k.chu Beijing key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and TechnologyChino University of Geosciences (Beijing)Beijing100083China Niushan Mining Co. Ltd.Tongling CountyAnhui 244131China Department of Physics and Materials Science City University ofHong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Core-shell wollastonite@ TiO2(WOT)composite particles are prepared by a mechano-chemical method (MCM)to improve the dispersion of TiO2and reduce its dosage,and to achieve synergistic effects with the wollastonite *** crystal structure,morphology,functional groups,and pigment properties of the as-prepared composite powders are *** W@T composite particles are formed by van der Waals force in addition to electrostatic attraction and chemical *** anatase TiO2coating is anchored on the woUastonite surface by Si-O-Ti and Ca-O-Ti *** W@T powders possess excellent characteristics such as whiteness of 96.6%,hiding power of 17.97g/m^2,and oil absorption of 22.72g/*** properties of the W@T composite are similar to those of TiO2and the former,which is much cheaper,can potentially substitute the latter as a white paint in many applications.

关键词： Wollastonite TiO2 Composite particles Mechano-chemical method

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Assistant Anode in a Cathodic Arc Plasma Source

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Chinese Physics Letters 2001年第8期18卷 1103-1104页

作者： ZHANG Tao ZHANG Hui-Xing Ian G.Brown Paul k.chu Beijing Radiation Center Institute of Low Energy Nuclear PhysicsBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875 Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloonHong Kong Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720U.S.A.

The performance and characteristics of a cathodic arc plasma source,consisting of a titanium cathode,an anode with and without a tungsten mesh,and a coil producing a focusing magnetic field between the anode and cathode,are *** high transparency and large area of the mesh allow a high plasma flux to penetrate the anode from the cathodic *** mesh helps to decrease the arc resistance and the ignition voltage of the cathodic arc in the focusing magnetic field,and increase the life of the *** means that the source makes the cathodic arc easily and greatly stabilized during the operation when a focusing magnetic field exists in the source.

关键词： cathodic resistance titanium

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Subsurface intercalation activating basal plane of black phosphorus for nitrogen reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 293-299页

作者： Xue Zhang Haitao Zhao Paul k.chu Jiahong Wang Xue-Feng Yu Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Ammonia(NH3)is not only an important chemical in many fields,but also provides a promising intermediate for energy stor-age[1,2].To produce NH3 from naturally abundant N2,the strong N≡N bond in the inert N2 molecules... 详细信息

关键词： Subsuface intercalation Nitrogen reduction reaction Basal surface sites Intrinsic activity Selectivity

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Effects of external stress on biodegradable orthopedic materials: A review

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Bioactive Materials 2016年第1期1卷 77-84页

作者： Xuan Li Chenglin chu Paul k.chu School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing211189China Jiangsu key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials Southeast UniversityNanjing211189China Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Biodegradable orthopedic materials(BOMs)are used in rehabilitation and reconstruction of fractured *** response of BOMs to the combined action of physiological stress and corrosion is an important issue in vivo since stress-assisted degradation and cracking are *** the degradation behavior and kinetics of BOMs have been investigated under static conditions,stress effects can be very serious and even fatal in the dynamic physiological *** stress is unavoidable in biomedical applications of BOMs,recent work has focused on the evaluation and prediction of the properties of BOMs under stress in corrosive *** article reviews recent progress in this important area focusing on biodegradable metals,polymers,and ceramics.

关键词： Biodegradable orthopedic materials External stress Stress mode Degradation rate Mechanochemistry

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Uniformity of Plasma Density and Film Thickness of Coatings Deposited Inside a Cylindrical Tribe by Radio Frequency Sputtering

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Plasma Science and Technology 2008年第5期10卷 560-564页

作者：崔江涛田修波杨士勤胡涛 Ricky k.Y.FU Paul k.chu School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Department of Physics and Material Science City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Plasma surface modification of the inner wall of a slender tube is quite difficult to achieve using conventional means. In the work described here, an inner coaxial radio frequency （RF） copper electrode is utilized to produce the plasma and also acts as the sputtered target to deposit copper films in a tube. The influence of RF power, gas pressure, and bias voltage on the distribution of plasma density and the uniformity of film thickness is investigated. The experimental results show that the plasma density is higher at the two ends and lower in the middle of the tube. A higher RF power and pressure as well as larger tube bias lead to a higher plasma density. Changes in the discharge parameter only affect the plasma density uniformity slightly. The variation in the film thickness is consistent with that of the plasma density along the tube axis for different RF power and pressure. Although the plasma density increases with higher tube biases, there is an optimal bias to obtain the highest deposition rate. It can be attributed to the reduction in self-sputtering of the copper electrode and re-sputtering effects of the deposited film at higher tube biases.

关键词： plasma distribution inner surface radio-frequency plasma

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Plasma-activated interfaces for biomedical engineering

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第7期6卷 2134-2143页

作者： Pei Liu Guomin Wang Qingdong Ruan kaiwei Tang Paul k.chu Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloon999077Hong KongChina

As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development,cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic ***,finding a strategy to build the specific biomedical interfaces will help regulate information transmission and produce better therapeutic results to benefit *** the past decades,plasmas containing energetic and active species have been employed to construct various interfaces to meet biomedical demands such as bacteria inactivation,tissue regeneration,cancer therapy,and so *** on the potent functions of plasma modified surfaces,this mini-review is aimed to summarize the state-of-art plasma-activated interfaces and provide guidance to researchers to select the proper plasma and processing conditions to design and prepare interfaces with the optimal biological and related *** a brief introduction,plasma-activated interfaces are described and categorized according to different criteria including direct plasma-cells interfaces and indirect plasma-material-cells interfaces and recent research activities on the application of plasma-activated interfaces are *** authors hope that this mini-review will spur interdisciplinary research efforts in this important area and expedite associated clinical applications.

关键词： Plasma-assisted processes Bioactive interfaces Biomedical engineering

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Treadmill exercise in combination with acousto-optic and olfactory stimulation improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-and Cygb-associated signaling pathways

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2706-2726页

作者： Biao Xiao Chaoyang chu Zhicheng Lin Tianyuan Fang Yuyu Zhou chuxia Zhang Jianghui Shan Shiyu Chen Liping Li Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang ProvinceChina Ningbo key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang ProvinceChina key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province NingboZhejiang ProvinceChina

A reduction in adult neurogenesis is associated with behavioral abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's ***,enhancing adult neurogenesis represents a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating disease symptoms and ***,nonpharmacological interventions aimed at inducing adult neurogenesis are currently *** individual non-pharmacological interventions,such as aerobic exercise,acousto-optic stimulation,and olfactory stimulation,have shown limited capacity to improve neurogenesis and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease,the therapeutic effect of a strategy that combines these interventions has not been fully *** this study,we observed an age-dependent decrease in adult neurogenesis and a concurrent increase in amyloid-beta accumulation in the hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice aged 2-8 *** deposition became evident at 4 months,while neurogenesis declined by 6 months,further deteriorating as the disease ***,following a 4-week multifactor stimulation protocol,which encompassed treadmill running(46 min/d,10 m/min,6 days per week),40 Hz acousto-optic stimulation(1 hour/day,6 days/week),and olfactory stimulation(1 hour/day,6 days/week),we found a significant increase in the number of newborn cells(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive cells),immature neurons(doublecortin-positive cells),newborn immature neurons(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive/doublecortin-positive cells),and newborn astrocytes(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells).Additionally,the amyloid-beta load in the hippocampus *** findings suggest that multifactor stimulation can enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis and mitigate amyloid-beta neuropathology in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 ***,cognitive abilities were improved,and depressive symptoms were alleviated in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice

关键词： acousto-optic stimulation adult neurogenesis Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice amyloid-beta deposition brain cell apoptosis cognitive impairment depression-like behavior involuntary treadmill exercise olfactory stimulation serum metabolites

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