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Towards precision medicine:advances in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine cancer biomarker discovery in liquid biopsy

cancer communications 2019年第1期39卷 113-121页

作者： chang Zeng Emily Kunce Stroup Zhou Zhang brian c-hchiu Wei Zhang Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine680 N.Lake Shore Dr.Suite 1400ChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Public Health Sciences University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA The Robert H.Lurie comprehensive cancer center Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Institute of Precision Medicine Jining Medical UniversityJining 272067ShandongP.R.China.

Robust and clinically convenient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis,early detection,and prognosis have great potential to improve patient survival and are the key to precision *** advent of next-generation sequencing technologies enables a more sensitive and comprehensive profiling of genetic and epigenetic information in tumor-derived *** are now able to monitor the dynamics of tumorigenesis in new dimensions,such as using circulating cell-free DNA(cfDNA)and tumor DNA(ctDNA).Mutation-based assays in liquid biopsy cannot always provide consistent results across studies due partly to intra-and inter-tumoral heterogeneity as well as technical *** contrast,epigenetic analysis of patient-derived cfDNA is a promising alternative,especially for early detection and disease surveillance,because epigenetic modifications are tissue-specific and reflect the dynamic process of cancer ***,cfDNA-based epigenetic assays are emerging to be a highly sensitive,minimally invasive tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis with great potential in future precise care of cancer *** major obstacle for applying epigenetic analysis of cfDNA,however,has been the lack of enabling techniques with high sensitivity and technical *** this review,we summarized the advances in epigenome-wide profiling of 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine(5hmc)in cfDNA,focusing on the detection approaches and potential role as biomarkers in different cancer types.

关键词： Liquid biopsy cell-free DNA Epigenetics cancer biomarker 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine

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Emerging role of galectin 3 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2004-2009页

作者： brian M.Lozinski Khanh Ta Yifei Dong Department of clinical Neuroscience University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Deparment of Biochemistry Microbiology&ImmunologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are key processes that mediate the development and progression of neurological ***,the mechanisms modulating these processes in different diseases remain incompletely *** in single cell based multi-omic analyses have helped to identify distinct molecular signatures such as Lgals3 that is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system(cNS).Lgals3 encodes galectin-3(Gal3),aβ-galactoside and glycan binding glycoprotein that is frequently upregulated by reactive microglia/macrophages in the cNS during various neurological *** Gal3 has previously been associated with non-cNS inflammatory and fibrotic diseases,recent studies highlight Gal3 as a prominent regulator of inflammation and neuroaxonal damage in the cNS during diseases such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and Parkinson’s *** this review,we summarize the pleiotropic functions of Gal3 and discuss evidence that demonstrates its detrimental role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during different neurological *** also consider the challenges of translating preclinical observations into targeting Gal3 in the human cNS.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Galectin 3 microglia multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease therapeutics

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Highly efficient fiber to Si waveguide free-form coupler for foundry-scale silicon photonics

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 1055-1066页

作者： LUIGI RANNO JIA Xu brian SIA cOSMIN POPEScU DREW WENINGER SAMUEL SERNA SHAOLIANG YU LIONEL c.KIMERLING ANURADHA AGARWAL TIAN GU JUEJUN HU Department of Materials Science&Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA centre for Micro-&Nano-Electronics(cMNE) Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of Physics Photonics and Optical EngineeringBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusetts 02324USA Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311100China Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA

As silicon photonics transitions from research to commercial deployment,packaging solutions that efficiently couple light into highly compact and functional sub-micrometer silicon waveguides are imperative but remain *** 220 nm silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform,poised to enable large-scale integration,is the most widely adopted by foundries,resulting in established fabrication processes and extensive photonic component *** development of a highly efficient,scalable,and broadband coupling scheme for this platform is therefore of paramount *** two-photon polymerization(TPP)and a deterministic free-form micro-optics design methodology based on the Fermat’s principle,this work demonstrates an ultraefficient and broadband 3-D coupler interface between standard SMF-28 single-mode fibers and silicon waveguides on the 220 nm SOI *** coupler achieves a low coupling loss of 0.8 dB for the fundamental TE mode,along with 1 dB bandwidth exceeding 180 *** broadband operation enables diverse bandwidthdriven applications ranging from communications to ***,the 3-D free-form coupler also enables large tolerance to fiber misalignments and manufacturing variability,thereby relaxing packaging requirements toward cost reduction capitalizing on standard electronic packaging process flows.

关键词： fiber waveguide enable

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Areal Roughness of the Dorsal Nail Plate

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第1期7卷 27-34页

作者： brian Lee Beatty Edward Li Adaeze Anaekwe Anatomy Department NYIT College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNY 11568USA United States National Museum Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC 20560USA Division of Paleobiology Friends AcademyLocust ValleyNY 11560USA

Objective:Beau lines,onychorrhexis,and psoriatic lesions of the dorsal nail plate may be missed by photographic methods,indicating a need for surface texture measurement methods that are more quantitative,sensitive,and repeatable than visual inspection or *** conducted this study to evaluate the utility of surface texture measurements of cadaveric nails that can be associated with histopathological studies in the ***:The nail plates of 4 cadaveric right pollices and halluces were cleaned and molded,cast in clear epoxy,and scanned with a Sensofar S Neox optical profilometer.A one-way analysis of variance was performed to determine statistical significance of ***:Almost no differences were observed between the pollex and hallux scans and between the distal and proximal *** greatest differences were found between *** lower magnification(5×)is less sensitive than higher magnification(20×),the lower magnification represented and characterized more of the dorsal nail ***:The dorsal nail plate areal roughness has a measurable range of values that may serve as a starting point for evaluating pathological findings,particularly Beau lines and psoriatic *** sensitivity of these techniques may be especially valuable in the recognition of less severe states of these diseases that may enable the diagnosis of earlier stages of growth disruptions(Beau lines)or *** applications could be especially useful in investigations of the health of wildlife populations or vulnerable human populations with incomplete treatment records.

关键词： nail plate surface metrology areal roughness

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Estimation of secondary nucleation kinetics of benzoic acid in batch crystallizer

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 232-239页

作者： Yan Zhao Weiyuan Zhang Jinbo Ouyang Guangyang Hou Vamsi Krishna Kamaraju brian Glennon School of chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdao066004China Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical centre School of Chemical and Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices East China University of TechnologyNanchang330013China APc Ltd Dublin 4Ireland

The nucleation and growth kinetics of benzoic acid were determined in a population balance model,describing the seeded batch antisolvent crystallization *** process analytical technologies(PATs)were utilized to record the evolution of chord length distributions(cLDs)in solid phase together with the concentration decay in liquid phase,which provided essential experimental information for parameter *** model was solved using standard method of moments based on the moments calculated from cLDs and solute concentration.A developed model,incorporating the nucleation and crystal growth as functions of both supersaturation and solvent composition,has been constructed by fitting the zeroth moment of particles and concentration *** determined kinetic parameters were consequently validated against a new experiment with a different flow rate,indicating that the developed model predicted crystallization process reasonably *** work illustrates the strategy in construct a population balance model for further simulation,model-based optimization and control studies of benzoic acid in antisolvent crystallization.

关键词： Benzoic acid Antisolvent crystallization Population balance equation Nucleation Growth

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聚乳酸无纺布环保PDA类阻燃剂的制备与研究

聚乳酸无纺布环保PDA类阻燃剂的制备与研究

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作者： brian Branch 北京化工大学

学位级别：硕士

石油基聚合物的降解以及其火安全性能是当今世界面临的关键挑战。这是由于石油基聚合物应用广泛,在使用后难以降解,会导致严重的环境污染问题。此外,石油基聚合物大多易燃,易引发火灾对人类的生命安全造成威胁。因此解决这些问题显得相... 详细信息

石油基聚合物的降解以及其火安全性能是当今世界面临的关键挑战。这是由于石油基聚合物应用广泛,在使用后难以降解,会导致严重的环境污染问题。此外,石油基聚合物大多易燃,易引发火灾对人类的生命安全造成威胁。因此解决这些问题显得相当紧迫,需要我们提出能够同时平衡材料环保与阻燃性能的创新解决方案。对于聚合物的降解问题,一种潜在的解决方案是利用和开发同时具有生物安全性和可生物降解的生物基聚合物。然而,相较于石油基聚合物,这些替代品往往在某些方面有性能缺陷（如力学性能et al）。因此,对这些生物基聚合物的研究需要同时兼顾其环境友好的优点并改善其对应性能的缺陷。而在阻燃性能方面,传统的阻燃剂（如含卤阻燃剂）,已被证明具有良好的阻燃效果,但由于其会产生毒副产物,存在环境与健康隐患,因此将开发新型安全无卤的磷系阻燃剂以代替传统的卤系阻燃剂。本研究通过将聚多巴胺（PDA）和磷系阻燃剂应用在聚乳酸（PLA）无纺布,为解决上述问题做出了一定贡献。通过实验发现,PDA涂层与磷系化合物的同时应用可显著提高PLA织物的阻燃性能,且涂层同样具有较高的生物安全性且对环境影响较小。此外,这项工作还凸现了PDA涂层可在PLA中快速高效应用的潜力。主要成果如下:本论文的第一部分是聚多巴胺和磷基化合物THPO作为关键阻燃剂的应用。通过喷雾共沉积方法将THPO引入到聚多巴胺基质中。这种方法显著增强了涂层织物的耐火性。极限氧指数（LOI）从对照织物的18%增加到27.5%。此外,UL-94测试的损坏长度从9.5厘米减少到7.5厘米。值得注意的是,熔体滴落性能得到增强,在测试过程中没有观察到火焰滴落。此外,热重分析显示THPO促进了适度的炭形成。仅存在聚多巴胺涂层时,样品的总烟雾产生量和烟雾产生速率均显着降低,导致Fig RA值从22.2 k W/m2s降低至14.7 k W/m2s;进一步凸显了该方法的有效性。抗紫外线测试显示,20小时内涂层样品的质量平均损失1.5%,而对照PLA织物的质量损失超过15%。本研究的第二部分重点是使用聚多巴胺作为功能涂层和聚磷酸铵（APP）作为磷基阻燃剂,在PLA织物表面形成称为PDA-cu-APP的金属络合物。这种创新方法证明了进一步增强了织物的耐火性能,熔体滴落性能得到改善,在UL-94垂直燃烧测试中未观察到熔滴。极限氧指数（LOI）从对照PLA的18%显着增加至29.2%。此外,热重分析表明,炭残留物从对照PLA织物的1.5%增加到9.0%。Fig RA值从22.2 k W/m2s降低至14.7 k W/m2s,降低了33%。涂层中的PDA组分显着提高了抗紫外线性能,降低了质量损失率,紫外老化后涂层织物的拉伸强度是对照PLA织物的4倍。总之,本研究将生物基聚多巴胺涂层与磷基阻燃剂相结合以增强PLA织物的防火安全性,保持了环境可持续性目标的可行性。这些发现为未来开发生物基聚合物材料阻燃解决方案的研究提供了有效的途径。

关键词：阻燃剂聚多巴胺聚乳酸聚磷酸铵三(羟甲基)膦氧化物无纺布

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Scene text recognition via dual character counting-aware visual and semantic modeling network

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Science china(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 313-314页

作者： Ke XIAO Anna ZHU brian Kenji IWANA cheng-Lin LIU School of computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wuhan University of Technology Human Interface Laboratory Kyushu University State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of Sciences School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Scene text recognition(STR) is drawing increasing attention nowadays due to its wide application in real life. character counting information, as auxiliary information, has been shown to be effective in boosting text ... 详细信息

关键词： Decoding

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Response of Rice Growth and Nutrient Absorption in a SalineAlkali Paddy to Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications

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Rice science 2024年第3期31卷 245-250,I0011-I0017页

作者： WANG Xinyi ZHU Hui YAN Baixing brian SHUTES ZENG Yuan Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China college of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Black Soils conservation and Utilization Changchun 130102China Department of Natural Sciences Middlesex UniversityHendonLondonNW44BTUK Xingkaihu Branch Office of Heilongjiang Agriculture co. LTDJixi 158325China

Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and carbon(c)are essential nutrients for rice growth and development,but the response of nutrient absorption by rice plants to different types of nitrogen fertilizer(N-fertilizer)under saline-alkali conditions is *** study conducted a 147-day field-scale experiment to evaluate rice biomass and nutrient absorption capacity with five N-fertilizer *** results showed that the biomass.

关键词： Nutrient Alkali alkali

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Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo cucho-Padin Hyunju connor Jaewoong Jung brian Walsh David G.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/cAS SMILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHD-based OpenGGcM model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

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The diagnostic yield for computed tomography pulmonary angiography in patients with anticoagulation

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 251-255页

作者： Payush chatta brian Diep Jakrin Kewcharoen Daniel Rossie cory Toomasian Purvi Parwani Dmitry Abramov Department of Medicine Division of CardiologyLoma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCA 92374USA Department of Medicine Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCA 92374USA Department of Emergency Medicine Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCA 92374USA

BAcKGROUND:Patients who present to the emergency department(ED)for suspected pulmonary embolism(PE)are often on active oral anticoagulation(Ac).However,the diagnostic yield of computed tomography pulmonary angiography(cTPA)in screening for PE in patients who present on Ac has not been well *** aim to investigate the diagnostic yield of cTPA in diagnosing PE depending on Ac ***:We reviewed and analyzed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent cTPA for PE at a university hospital ED from June 1,2019,to March 25,*** outcome was the incidence of PE on cTPA depending on baseline Ac status and indication for ***:Of 2,846 patients,242 were on Ac for a history of venous thromboembolism(VTE),210 were on Ac for other indications,and 2,394 were not on *** incidence of PE on cTPA was significantly lower in patients on Ac for other indications(5.7%)when compared to patients on Ac for prior VTE(24.3%)and patients not on Ac at presentation(9.8%)(Pcohort,Ac was associated with a positive cTPA(odds ratio[OR]0.26,95%confidence interval[cI]:0.15-0.45,PcONcLUSION:The incidence of PE among patients undergoing cTPA in the ED is lower in patients previously on Ac for indications other than VTE when compared to those not on Ac or those on Ac for history of *** status and indication for Ac may affect pre-test probability of a positive cTPA,and Ac status therefore warrants consideration as part of future diagnostic algorithms among patients with suspected PE.

关键词： Pulmonary embolism computed tomography pulmonary angiography Emergency department Anticoagulation

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