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动物细胞——细胞生物技术的突破

生物技术通报 1993年第6期9卷 1-5页

作者： b.griffiths 范秀媛

前言由于看法的转变及技术的发展,在过去几年中,动物细胞培养已成为一项起支配作用的技术。当制造商们由于受通常申请许可证规则的限制,只能使用人类二倍体细胞或原代细胞生产时,动物细胞一直没有成为首选的生产方法。过去,人类生物制... 详细信息

前言由于看法的转变及技术的发展,在过去几年中,动物细胞培养已成为一项起支配作用的技术。当制造商们由于受通常申请许可证规则的限制,只能使用人类二倍体细胞或原代细胞生产时,动物细胞一直没有成为首选的生产方法。过去,人类生物制品的制造者们总是很羡慕地看着制造兽药的同行们,用 bHK 细胞在8000L 搅拌罐中生产 FMDV(口蹄疫疫苗),希望有一天他们也能使用一种类似的方法。近几年,随着三种重要的生物制品分别由异倍体细胞、肿瘤组织来源的细胞或重组细胞(这类细胞已获准使用。

关键词：细胞固定化动物细胞培养异倍体二倍体细胞重组细胞微载体培养口蹄疫疫苗细胞密度支配作用 FMDV

brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling:Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species

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Plant Communications 2024年第9期5卷 72-100页

作者： brian Zebosi Erik Vollbrecht Norman b.best Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research UnitColumbiaMO 65201USA

brassinosteroids(bRs)are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth and development,including biotic and abiotic stress responses,such that modulating bR homeostasis and signaling presents abundant opportunities for plant breeding and crop *** and other proteins involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of bRs are well understood from molecular genetics and phenotypic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana;however,knowledge of the molecular functions of these genes in other plant species,especially cereal crop plants,is *** this manuscript,we comprehensively review functional studies of bR genes in Arabidopsis,maize,rice,Setaria,brachypodium,and soybean to identify conserved and diversified functions across plant species and to highlight cases for which additional research is in *** performed phylogenetic analysis of gene families involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of bRs and re-analyzed publicly available transcriptomic *** trees coupled with expression data provide a valuable guide to supplement future research on bRs in these important crop species,enabling researchers to identify gene-editing targets for bR-related functional studies.

关键词： brassinosteroids maize rice Setaria soybean brachypodium Arabidopsis

Prediction of rock brittleness using nondestructive methods for hard rock tunneling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016年第4期8卷 533-540页

作者： Rennie b.Kaunda brian Asbury Department of Mining Engineering Colorado School of Mines Earth Mechanics Institute Department of Mining Engineering Colorado School of Mines

Sand production is an undesired phenomenon occurring in unconsolidated formations due to shear failure and hydrodynamic forces. There have been many approaches developed to predict sand production and prevent it by changing drilling or production strategies. However, assumptions involved in these approaches have limited their applications to very specific scenarios. In this paper, an elliptical model based on the borehole shape is presented to predict the volume of sand produced during the drilling and depletion stages of oil and gas reservoirs. A shape factor parameter is introduced to estimate the changes in the geometry of the borehole as a result of shear failure. A carbonate reservoir from the south of Iran with a solid production history is used to show the application of the developed methodology. Deriving mathematical equations for determination of the shape factor based on different failure criteria indicate that the effect of the intermediate principal stress should be taken into account to achieve an accurate result. However, it should be noticed that the methodology presented can only be used when geomechanical parameters are accurately estimated prior to the production stage when using wells and field data.

关键词： Sand production Shape parameter Failure criteria Carbonate reservoir Analytical solution

Navigating reflux disease after achalasia treatments:balancing risks and benefits

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第21期30卷 2740-2743页

作者： Ewen A griffiths Enoch Wong Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWWest MidlandsUnited Kingdom Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTWest MidlandsUnited Kingdom

The peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)procedure has revolutionized the management of achalasia in many centres around the world as it offers patients a minimally invasive endoscopic solution to their dysphagia caused by *** its success in alleviating dysphagia,concerns regarding postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease have emerged as a pertinent issue which are not fully *** this study,Nabi et al have comprehensively reviewed the topic of the prediction,prevention and management of gastroesophageal reflux after *** is a purely endoscopic procedure which is usually performed without any anti-reflux *** patients may be better served by a laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy and fundoplication and it is important that gastroenterologists and surgeons provide comprehensive risks and benefits of each achalasia treatment option so that patients can decide what treatment is best for *** article by Nabi et al provides a comprehensive review of the current status of this issue to allow these discussions to occur.

关键词： Achalasia Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Laparoscopic heller’s myotomy Peroral endoscopic myotomy Fundoplication

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED bY HYDROTHERMAL CARbONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第3期10卷 437-447页

作者： b.brian HE Zheting bI Lide CHEN Chemical&biological Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS 0904MoscowID 83844USA. Shape Therapeutics 700 Dexter Avenue NorthSL15SeattleWA 98109USA Soil and Water Systems Twin Falls Research and Extension CenterUniversity of Idaho315 Falls Ave.Twin FallsID 83303USA

Hydrochar produced from dairy manure is a regulated biosolid if being promoted for agricultural applications thus must have the properties that comply with all environmental standards and government regulations,including the levels of heavy metals(HMs).In this study,systematic research was conducted on HM levels in hydrochar from dairy manure and on the effects of processing conditions,including processing temperature(180–255℃),holding time(30–120 min)and solid content of manure slurry(2%–15%),through a central composite design and statistical *** was found that HMs can be retained in hydrochar,ranging from 40%to 100%.The processing temperature and solid content in the feed were the most influential process parameters that affected HMs retention in *** analysis showed that there was no single optimal point to minimize HMs retained in hydrochar,but there were minimization points at given processing time and solid *** HMs concentrations were higher in hydrochar than those initially in dairy manure but were greatly below the thresholds as set by the US government ***,hydrochar is feasible for use as a phosphorus-enriched organic fertilizer and/or soil amendment for agricultural applications without serious concerns about HMs it might contain.

关键词： heavy metals dairy manure hydrochar hydrothermal carbonization waste management

Optimized stateful material implication logic for three- dimensional data manipulation

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Nano Research 2016年第12期9卷 3914-3923页

作者： Gina C. Adam brian D. Hoskins Mirko Prezioso Dmitri b. Strukov Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

The monolithic three-dimensional integration of memory and logic circuits could dramatically improve the performance and energy efficiency of computing systems. Some conventional and emerging memories are suitable for vertical integration, including highly scalable metal-oxide resistive switching devices （＂memristors＂）. However, the integration of logic circuits has proven to be much more challenging than expected. In this study, we demonstrated memory and logic functionality in a monolithic three-dimensional circuit by adapting the recently proposed memristor-based stateful material implication logic. by modifying the original circuit to increase its robustness to device imperfections, we experimentally showed, for the first time, a reliable multi-cycle multi-gate material implication logic operation and half-adder circuit within a three- dimensional stack of monolithically integrated memristors. Direct data manipulation in three dimensions enables extremely compact and high-throughput logic- in-memory computing and, remarkably, presents a viable solution for the Feynman Grand Challenge of implementing an 8-bit adder at the nanoscale.

关键词： material implication logic memristor resistive random-accessmemory (ReRAM) three-dimensionalintegration

Interpretation of pipe-jacking and lubrication records for drives in silty soil

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Underground Space 2020年第3期5卷 199-209页

作者： Kevin G.O’Dwyer bryan A.McCabe brian b.Sheil Civil Engineering College of Engineering and InformaticsNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordUnited Kingdom

In recent years,there has been an increased resort to microtunnelling/pipe-jacking as a means of constructing underground conduits(for water,sewage,gas,and other utilities)to avoid on-street disruption in urban *** this paper,technical details of two 1200 mm internal diameter microtunnels in silty sand totalling over 550 m in length are *** average skin friction values are extremely low for both drives suggesting effective lubrication practice,differences in normalised bentonite volumes appear to be responsible for differences in skin *** or near full buoyancy of the pipeline has been demonstrated for the majority of the *** frictional stress increase after a stoppage is shown to depend on not only the stoppage duration but also on the normalised lubrication *** of data in the manner presented in the paper is an important means of assimilating experience of microtunnelling in different ground conditions.

关键词： Microtunnelling Pipe-jacking Skin friction Lubrication Pipe buoyancy Stoppages

C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 66-76页

作者： bryan S griffiths Annette Spilles Michael bonkowski Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordCoWexfordIreland Current address:SAC King's BuildingsWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGUK Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität zu Köln Zoologisches Institut Abt.TerrestrischeÖkologieBiowissenschaftliches ZentrumOtto-Fischer-Str.6D-50674KölnGermany

Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial *** cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient ***:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and *** and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced *** regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient ***:Soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with *** molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient *** growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added ***:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary *** results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(***)under near optimum soil *** with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with *** changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site.

关键词： Carbon Nitrogen Nutrient limitation Phosphorus Soil microbial biomass Stoichiometry

Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network for improved materials property predictions

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1691-1698页

作者： Kamal Choudhary brian DeCost Materials Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Theiss ResearchLa Jolla California 92037USA DeepMaterials LLC Silver SpringMD 20906USA

Graph neural networks(GNN)have been shown to provide substantial performance improvements for atomistic material representation and modeling compared with descriptor-based machine learning *** most existing GNN models for atomistic predictions are based on atomic distance information,they do not explicitly incorporate bond angles,which are critical for distinguishing many atomic ***,many material properties are known to be sensitive to slight changes in bond *** present an Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network(ALIGNN),a GNN architecture that performs message passing on both the interatomic bond graph and its line graph corresponding to bond *** demonstrate that angle information can be explicitly and efficiently included,leading to improved performance on multiple atomistic prediction *** ALIGNN models for predicting 52 solid-state and molecular properties available in the JARVIS-DFT,Materials project,and QM9 *** can outperform some previously reported GNN models on atomistic prediction tasks by up to 85%in accuracy with better or comparable model training speed.

关键词： explicitly property passing