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Air Pollution in the Gulf of Mexico

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Open Journal of Ecology 2016年第1期6卷 32-46页

作者： Manuel Muriel-García Rosa María Cerón-bretón Julia G. Cerón-bretón Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo Ciudad del Carmen México Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma del Carmen Ciudad del Carmen México

An integral analysis of Air Pollution in the Gulf of Mexico was made considering pollutants emissions assessment and diagnosis;air pollution monitoring;and modeling of air pollution dispersion. Combustion sources considered in this work were: thermoelectric power plants and open flares;and pollutants considered were sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxides, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Total suspended particles (TSP) and carbon monoxide (CO). This study made evident a lack of more recent information and a homogenization in emissions factors in order to know the conditions of air pollution in the Gulf of Mexico in a more reliable way.

关键词： Air Pollution dispersion Models Air Pollution Monitoring Gulf of Mexico

Cytokines Elicited by HSP60 in Periodontitis with and without Coronary Heart disease

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Journal of Immune Based Therapies, Vaccines and Antimicrobials 2014年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Adam Hasan danesi Sadoh bret Jones Queen Mary University of London London UK Unit of Periodontology King’s College London Dental Institute London UK

The human 60 kda and microbial 65 kda heat shock proteins (HSP) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis (CP) and coronary heart disease (CHd). We have studied 100 subjects: Group (a) consisted of patients with gingivitis (n = 25), group (b) were patients with CP (n = 25), group (c) patients with CHd and gingivitis (n = 25) and group (d) patients with CHd and CP (n = 25). PBMCs separated from peripheral blood were stimulated with medium, PMA/ionomycin, human HSP60, microbial HSP65, or no stimulus for 18 hours before intracellular IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, or IL-17 were detected by flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFLI) for intracellular TNF-α was significantly increased when PBMC were stimulated with human HSP60 amongst the four groups (p = 0.001, ANOVA);pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in MFLI between the gingivitis group and the CP (p = 0.017);between gingivitis and ging/CHd (p = 0.001) as well;but no significant difference between the CP and CP/CHd (p = 0.442). There was no significant difference in intracellular expression of IL-17, or any of the other cytokines tested;and the MFLI for HSP-stimulated were comparable to unstimulated cultures. When heat-labile human HSP60 was heated, intracellular cellular TNF-α expression was abrogated. In contrast, heat-stable LPS elicited TNF-α expression from monocytes in bulk cultures in all groups. These results suggest that the cytokine expression was dependent on human HSP60 and not LPS. Serum CRP was significantly associated with MFLI of intracellular TNF-α in CP patients (rs = 0.665, p = 0.026) and CP/CHd (rs = 0.699, p = 0.011). We conclude that human HSP60 elicits increased monocytic expression of TNF-α in patients with CP, CP/CHd or ging/CHd compared to patients with gingivitis. Since the marker of inflammation, namely CRP correlates with CP with or without CHd and not with mild chronic gingivitis or ging/CHd, this suggests that human HSP60-induced pr

关键词： Heat Shock Proteins Periodontitis Cardiovascular disease Cytokines IL-17

烟草黄矮双生病毒基因组突变体间的持久性互补和功能研究

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病毒学报 1997年第1期13卷 59-67页

作者：许煜泉胡小松 bret Morris 上海交通大学生物科学与技术系北京农业大学食品科学系新西兰皇家园艺研究所

应用基因突变技术，在烟草黄矮双生病毒（Ｔｏｂａｃｏｙｅｌｏｗｄｗａｒｆｇｅｍｉｎｉｖｉｒｕｓ，简称ＴｏｂＹＤＶ）基因组的正义和反义链引入或缺失碱基，从而构建成一系列移码突变体。这些突变体在个别感染的情况下，全部丧失... 详细信息

应用基因突变技术，在烟草黄矮双生病毒（Ｔｏｂａｃｏｙｅｌｏｗｄｗａｒｆｇｅｍｉｎｉｖｉｒｕｓ，简称ＴｏｂＹＤＶ）基因组的正义和反义链引入或缺失碱基，从而构建成一系列移码突变体。这些突变体在个别感染的情况下，全部丧失了系统侵染三生烟植株的能力，但是，成对地进行接种，能发生持久的互补作用，重新获得系统侵染的能力。突变体的互补作用发生在重组之前。在个别感染的叶块组织中，各种反义链突变体丧失了复制能力，然而，突变体Ｖ１－、Ｖ２－和Ｖ１－Ｖ２－能高度复制，表明反义链读码框编码产物为复制所必需，Ｖ１和Ｖ２读码框编码产物与复制无关，而为病毒的转移所必需。从Ｖ１－和Ｖ２－转化叶块中再生转基因植株，发现Ｖ１－和Ｖ２－都能在植株中维持复制，但是，只有Ｖ１－引起典型的病症，表明Ｖ１编码产物与病症出现无关。这些结果将为发展ＴｏｂＹＤＶ为载体，在寄主植物中高度复制和表达外源基因提供依据。

关键词：烟草黄矮双生病毒基因组突变体互补体

Immune Responses to HSP65/60 in Periodontal disease

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Journal of Immune Based Therapies, Vaccines and Antimicrobials 2012年第2期1卷 7-13页

作者： Adam Hasan Magdalen Foo danesi Sadoh bret Jones Queen Mary University of London London UK Unit of Periodontology King’s College London Dental Institute London UK

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory condition which destroys the supporting tissues of teeth and increases in prevalence with age. Immune responses against heat shock proteins (HSP) can be cross-reactive among bacterial and human antigens. There is evidence that microbial HSP65 and human HSP60 are involved in periodontal disease. The aim of this study is to investigate immune responses to the human HSP60 and microbial HSP65 in patients with CP and relate these to the level of inflammation and smoking status. We collected serum samples from 30 patients with chronic gingivitis (CG) and 30 patients with CP. In each group, eight subjects were current smokers. ELISA was used to determine the levels of serum anti-HSP and C-reactive protein (CRP) in each group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also isolated and stimulated with HSPs. Significant lymphoproliferation was seen in CP when stimulated with human HSP60. CRP and serum anti-human HSP60 IgG were elevated in CP compared to the CG, but not serum anti-microbial HSP 65 IgG. In view of the potential confounding effects of smoking in CP, a group of current smokers (n = 16) was also recruited to investigate whether smoking affects HSP immune responses. There was no significant difference in HSP-induced lymphoproliferation between smokers and non-smokers in either the CG or CP. There was a significant correlation between CRP and lymphoproliferative responses to Human HSP60 irrespective of smoking status. This study shows that serum anti-human HSP60 IgG and serum CRP are raised in untreated CP. In CP, serum CRP levels correlated significantly with human HSP60-induced lymphoproliferation, but not with anti-HSP antibody levels.

关键词： Heat Shock Proteins Periodontitis IgA IgG

The Influence of Meteorology and Atmospheric Transport Patterns on the Sulfate Levels in Raiwater in Orizaba Valley, Veracruz, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第6期10卷 821-837页

作者： Rosa María Cerón bretón Jonathan Kahl Julia Griselda Cerón bretón José Angel Solís Canul Chemistry Faculty Autonomous University of Carmen Ciudad del Carmen Mexico department of Mathematical Sciences University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA

This work assessed the relationship between synoptic circulation patterns, meteorological conditions and sulfate levels in rainwater in Orizaba Valley, Veracruz, Mexico during 2015. Samples were collected by using an automatic deposition sampler considering three climatic periods: Cold fronts or Nortes, dry and Rainy seasons. Sulfate in rainwater was determined by turbidimetry (NMX-AA-SCFI-074-1981). A backward trajectory model (HYSPLIT) was used to characterize the potential source regions and transport pathways for air parcels arriving to Orizaba Valley;trajectories extended five days during 2015 were calculated. Mean concentrations of sulfate were 105.33, 37.5, and 52.5 μEq·l-1, for Cold Fronts, dry and Rainy seasons, respectively. An evident dilution pattern was observed with lower concentration levels when rainfall increased. Mean values for sulfate concentration exceeded the background hemispheric value reported by Galloway et al. (1982) for remote sites (10 μEq·l-1), exceeding almost 10, 3.7 and 5.2 times, during the Nortes, Rainy and dry seasons, respectively. From the obtained results, it was concluded that the high sulfate levels in the rainwater measured in Orizaba Valley had their origin in different upwind regional sources as a result of long-range transport during Rainy and Nortes seasons.

关键词： Atmospheric Transport Rainwater Sulfate

Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A criticalreview of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 165-173页

作者： Natasha A Koloski Laurel bret Graham Radford-Smith department of Gastroenterology Royal Brisbane & Women'sHospital Herston Queensland 4072Australia department of Gastroenterology Royal Brisbane & Women’sHospitalHerston Queensland 4072Australia

The hygiene hypothesis is thought to be a significant contributor to the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBd) around the world, although the evidence for specific factors that underlie the hygiene hypothesis in IBd is unclear. We aimed to systematically review the literature to determine which hygiene-related factors are associated with the development of IBd. Publications identified from a broad based MEdLINE and Current Contents search between 1966 and 2007 on key terms relevant to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and IBd including H pylori exposure, helminths, cold chain hypothesis, measles infection and vaccination, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, family size, sibship, urban upbringing, day care attendance and domestic hygiene were reviewed. The literature suggests that the hygiene hypothesis and its association with decreased microbial exposure in childhood probably plays an important role in the development of IBd, although the strength of the supporting data for each of the factors varies considerably. The most promising factors that may potentially be associated with development of IBd include H pylori exposure, helminths, breastfeeding and sibship. However, the vast majority of studies in this area are plagued by serious methodological shortcomings, particularly the reliance on retrospective recall of information making it difficult to truly ascertain the importance of a 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBd. The 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBd is an important area of research that may give clues to the aetiology of this disease. directions for future research are recommended.

关键词：爆发性肠疾病卫生学微生物抗生素

Molecularly specific detection of bacterial lipoteichoic acid for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection of the bone

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Bone Research 2018年第2期6卷 189-196页

作者： Julie E.Pickett John M.Thompson Agnieszka Sadowska Christine Tkaczyk bret R.Sellman Andrea Minola davide Corti Antonio Lanzavecchia Lloyd S.Miller daniel LJ Thorek division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineGaithersburgMDUSA department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA department of Infectious disease MedImmune LLCGaithersburgMDUSA Humabs Bio Med SA BellinzonaSwitzerland Institute for Research in Biomedicine Universitàdella Svizzera italianaBellinzonaSwitzerland department of dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA division of Infectious disease Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program Department of OncologySidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA

discriminating sterile inflammation from infection, especially in cases of aseptic loosening versus an actual prosthetic joint infection, is challenging and has significant treatment implications. Our goal was to evaluate a novel human monoclonal antibody（mAb） probe directed against the Gram-positive bacterial surface molecule lipoteichoic acid（LTA）. Specificity and affinity were assessed in vitro. We then radiolabeled the anti-LTA mAb and evaluated its effectiveness as a diagnostic imaging tool for detecting infection via immuno PET imaging in an in vivo mouse model of prosthetic joint infection（PJI）. In vitro and ex vivo binding of the anti-LTA mAb to pathogenic bacteria was measured with Octet, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The in vivo PJI mouse model was assessed using traditional imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography（PET） with [^（18）F]FdG and [^（18）F]Na F as well as X-ray computed tomography（CT）, before being evaluated with the zirconium-89-labeled antibody specific for LTA（[^（89）Zr]SAC55）.The anti-LTA mAb exhibited specific binding in vitro to LTA-expressing bacteria. Results from imaging showed that our model could reliably simulate infection at the surgical site by bioluminescent imaging, conventional PET tracer imaging, and bone morphological changes by CT. One day following injection of both the radiolabeled anti-LTA and isotype control antibodies, the anti-LTA antibody demonstrated significantly greater（P 〈 0.05） uptake at S. aureus-infected prosthesis sites over either the same antibody at sterile prosthesis sites or of control non-specific antibody at infected prosthesis sites. Taken together, the radiolabeled anti-LTA mAb, [^（89）Zr]SAC55, may serve as a valuable diagnostic molecular imaging probe to help distinguish between sterile inflammation and infection in the setting of PJI. Future studies are needed to determine whether these findings will translate to human PJI.

关键词： Zr Molecularly specific detection bacterial lipoteichoic acid diagnosis prosthetic infection bone LTA SAC PET FdG tracer

Study of Trace Ions in Wet deposition of an Industrial Site in Monterrey’s Metropolitan Area, Mexico

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Open Journal of Ecology 2016年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： Evangelina Ramírez-Lara Rosa María Cerón-bretón Julia Griselda Cerón-bretón Ulrico López-Chuken Jonathan Kahl Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza México Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma del Carmen Ciudad del Carmen México department of Mathematical Science University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee USA

The chemistry of rainwater has been subject to numerous investigations during the last two decades due to the increase of environmental problems caused by the acid deposition. The present study focuses on one aspect of air pollution, the chemical composition of wet deposition of an industrial zone. The sampling period was from March to december 2009. The station was located on the roof of the Chemistry School at the University of Nuevo León, an area in the north of Monterrey where the majority of pollution is generated. Twenty-five wet precipitation samples were collected with an automatic sampler and analyzed for pH, ions (, , Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) and conductivity. The results show that the average pH is higher than 5.6;the characteristics of the rainwater studied are of alkaline nature due to the values of pH found;there is an evident anthropogenic source contributing to the alkaline of rain water. In order to find possible association between ions and consequently the possible sources of pollutants correlation study was applied using the program SPSS v.12. Good correlations were found between ions and along with Ca2+ and Mg2+. The local extraction industry and surrounding aerosols might be causing of alkaline rain which may be due to the neutralization effect of particulate matter. This study represents a continuation of the studies of rainwater chemistry in the Northeast of Mexico.

关键词： Wet deposition Air Quality Monterrey Air Pollution

Effects of Biological Materials and Collection Media on PCR detection of <i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i>

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2019年第1期9卷 121-128页

作者： Kristin A. Clothier bret Mc Nabb Andrea Torain Steve Reinl Jeff Ondrak California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System Davis CA USA department of Population Health and Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis Davis CA USA Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center University of Nebraska-Lincoln Clay Center NE USA

Tritrichomonas foetus is an important pathogen of the bovine reproductive tract causing early embryonic death and abortion in cows and persistent, asymptomatic infection in bulls. PCR detection methods have greatly enhanced diagnostic accuracy over culture;however, pre-analytical sample handling is just as critical as technical performance in detecting this pathogen and is not well studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of biological materials present in the prepuce on PCR detection of T. foetus in a variety of collection media. Simulated preputial samples were created using InPouchTM (IP) media, lactated ringers solution (LRS), or sterile saline (SAL);inoculated with low numbers of one of three T. foetus strains;and spiked with either blood, semen, urine, or sham treatment. Samples were transported to the lab, placed in growth media (LRS and SAL samples), incubated, and tested for T. foetus by PCR. Samples containing urine had statistically significantly greater mean Ct values (P = 0.008) than samples containing other materials, seen most dramatically in IP (P d in significantly (P = 0.037) fewer samples being identified as “positive” for T. foetus. Overall, SAL collections also had significantly higher mean Ct than IP or LRS (P d were less likely (P = 0.018) to results in classification as a “positive” sample. Results of this study indicate that collection media and biological materials can affect T. foetus PCR detection. The presence of urine in preputial samples can result in false negative results, while blood had no detrimental effects.

关键词： Tritrichomonas foetus PCR detection Urine Semen Blood