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Global patterns and ecological drivers of taxonomic and phylogenetic endemism in angiosperm genera

Plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 149-157页

作者： Hong Qian brent D.Mishler Jian Zhang Shenhua Qian Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA University and Jepson Herbaria Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-2465USA Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China

Endemism of lineages lies at the core of understanding variation in community composition among geographic regions because it reflects how speciation,extinction,and dispersal have influenced current ***,we investigated geographic patterns and ecological drivers of taxonomic and phylogenetic endemism of angiosperm genera across the *** identify centers of paleo-endemism and neo-endemism of angiosperm genera,and show that they are mostly located in the Southern Hemisphere in tropical and subtropical regions,particularly in Asia and *** categories of phylogenetic endemism centers can be differentiated using current climate *** climate,historical climate change,and geographic variables together explained~80%of global variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic endemism,while 42-46%,1%,and 15%were independently explained by these three types of variables,*** our findings show that past climate change,current climate,and geography act together in shaping endemism,which are consistent with the findings of previous studies that higher temperature and topographic heterogeneity promote *** study showed that many centers of phylogenetic endemism of angiosperms,including regions in Amazonia,Venezuela,and west-central tropical Africa that have not previously been identified as biodiversity hotspots,are missed by taxon-based measures of endemism,indicating the importance of including evolutionary history in biodiversity assessment.

关键词： Angiosperm Current climate Endemism Historical climate change Topographic heterogeneity

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Experimental and analytical investigation on friction resistance force between buried coated pressurized steel pipes and soil

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 615-629页

作者： Shaurav ALAM Tanvir MANZUR John MATTHEWS Chris BARTLETT Erez ALLOUCHE brent KEIL John KRAFT Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Technology Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71270USA Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka 1000Bangladesh Georgia Tech Research Institute AtlantaGA 30332USA Stantec Inc. Edmonton T5J0K4Canada North West Pipe Company VancouverWA 98684USA

This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust *** proposed analytical method was developed based on 36 experiments,which involved three coating types(cement mortar(CM),polyurethane type-I(PT-I),prefabricated plastic tape(PPT))on pipes’surfaces,three different soils(pea-gravel(PG),sand(S),silty-clay(SC)),and four simulated over burden depths above the pipe’s *** showed frictional resistance decreased with increasing over burden depth above the pipe’s *** degree of frictional resistance at the pipe-soil interface was found to be in the order of PG>SC>S for all coating variations and overburden *** coated pipe buried in all three types of soil produced significantly higher frictional resistance as compared to other coating *** on experimental data,the developed analytical introduced a dimensionless factor“Z”,which included effects of types of coatings,soil,and overburden depths for simplified rapid *** showed that the method provided a better prediction of frictional resistance forces,in comparison to previous analytical methods,which were barely close in predicting friction resistance for different coating variations,soil types,and overburden *** resistance force values reported herein could be considered conservative.

关键词： friction resistance force thrust force coated pressurized steel pipe soil type overburden depth

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山羊消防员故事从入侵物种到“消防英雄”

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环球人文地理 2023年第17期 70-77页

作者：丸子 brent olson Maria 169169 Paul imyanghai scott Anna Kevin Key Daniel kcapaldo giovigraf Jess Kraft

山羊也能当消防员？事实上，在消防这方面，山羊比除草机器强得多，它们只需要张开嘴巴大口吃草，就能啃出一条防火带来。美国与加拿大爆发了前所未有的山火，直至8月底，救援工作仍在继续。据研究表明，山火频发的原因除了气候问题，...

山羊也能当消防员？事实上，在消防这方面，山羊比除草机器强得多，它们只需要张开嘴巴大口吃草，就能啃出一条防火带来。美国与加拿大爆发了前所未有的山火，直至8月底，救援工作仍在继续。据研究表明，山火频发的原因除了气候问题，还和一些“精细燃料”有关，比如因为树叶、树枝和野草等引起，它们有着较大的表面积和体积比，会加快山火蔓延速率。

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Orientation Bias of Self-Assembled Alkanes and Their Derivatives Under Dynamic Lateral Nanoconfinement Conditions

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第4期6卷 1024-1033页

作者： Conditions Lihua Yu Yuanzhi Xia Tianze Hu brent Daelemans Steven De Feyter Department of Chemistry Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsKU LeuvenB-3001 Leuven

Self-assembled molecular networks(SAMNs)formed on crystalline solid substrates result from the spontaneous arrangement of individual molecules into structured *** interaction between molecules and the substrate leads to a nonrandom orientation of SAMNs with respect to the substrate’s *** the case of graphite,the sixfold rotational symmetry of the substrate results in an equivalent rotational degeneracy in the orientation of *** this study,we explored how nanoconfinement,that is,the restriction of SAMN formation to nanometersized areas,known as nanocorrals,could impact and potentially alleviate the orientational degeneracy of SAMNs,with emphasis on the influence of molecule symmetry,size,and intermolecular *** this end,we investigated the orientation distribution of n-alkanes and functionalized alkanes within nanocorrals,which were fabricated using scanning tunneling microscopy lithography(nanoshaving).We observed lifting of orientational degeneracy for long alkanes,contrary to shorter alkanes,which did not exhibit this orientation ***,functionalized alkanes with hydrogen bonding groups demonstrated preferential alignment regardless of length,highlighting the significance of stabilizing intermolecular interactions in the alignment *** study discussed the underlying principles of the molecular packing process and shed light on the complexity of molecular self-assembly in nanoconfined spaces.

关键词： self-assembly confinement condition nanocorral orientation bias scanning tunneling microscopy

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Scalable parallel ultrafast optical random bit generation based on a single chaotic microcomb

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 637-644页

作者： Pu Li Qizhi Li Wenye Tang Weiqiang Wang Wenfu Zhang brent ELittle Sai Tek Chu KAlan Shore Yuwen Qin Yuncai Wang Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers andIntelligent Control System Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China. State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China. Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina. School of Electronic Engineering Bangor UniversityBangorWales LL571UTUK

Random bit generators are critical for information security,cryptography,stochastic modeling,and *** and scalability are key challenges faced by current physical random bit ***,we propose a massively parallel scheme for ultrafast random bit generation towards rates of order 100 terabit per second based on a single micro-ring resonator.A modulation-instability-driven chaotic comb in a micro-ring resonator enables the simultaneous generation of hundreds of independent and unbiased random bit streams.A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that using our method,random bit streams beyond 2 terabit per second can be successfully generated with only 7 comb *** bit rate can be easily enhanced by further increasing the number of comb lines *** approach provides a chip-scale solution to random bit generation for secure communication and high-performance computation,and offers superhigh speed and large scalability.

关键词： resonator random chaotic

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Simultaneous genetic transformation and genome editing of mixed lines in soybean(Glycine max)and maize(Zea mays)

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 169-183页

作者： Michelle Valentine David Butruille Frederic Achard Steven Beach brent Brower-Toland Edward Cargill Megan Hassebrock Jennifer Rinehart Thomas Ream Yurong Chen Bayer Crop Science 700 Chesterfield Parkway WChesterfieldMO 63017USA

Robust genome editing technologies are becoming part of the crop breeding ***,genome editing is usually conducted either at a single locus,or multiple loci,in a variety at one *** parallel genomics platforms,multifaceted genome editing capabilities,and flexible transformation systems enable targeted variation at nearly any locus,across the spectrum of genotypes within a *** demonstrate here the simultaneous transformation and editing of many genotypes,by targeting mixed seed embryo explants with genome editing machinery,followed by re-identification through genotyping after plant *** and Editing of Mixed Lines(TREDMIL)produced transformed individuals representing 101 of 104(97%)mixed elite genotypes in soybean;and 22 of 40(55%)and 9 of 36(25%)mixed maize female and male elite inbred genotypes,*** of edited genotypes for the regenerated individuals identified over 800 distinct edits at the Determinate1(Dt1)locus in samples from 101 soybean genotypes and 95 distinct Brown midrib3(Bm3)edits in samples from 17 maize *** results illustrate how TREDMIL can help accelerate the development and deployment of customized crop varieties for future precision breeding.

关键词： Maize Soybean Seed embryo explants TREDMIL Genetic transformation Genome editing

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Low-loss and polarization insensitive 32×4 optical switch for ROADM applications

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 875-884页

作者： Xiaotian Zhu Xiang Wang Yanlu Huang Liyan Wu Chunfei Zhao Mingzhu Xiao Luyi Wang Roy Davidson Yanni Ou brent E.Little Sai T.Chu Department of Physics City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueHong KongChina. QXP Technologies Inc. NO.15th Shanglinyuan 1st RoadXi’anShaanxi 710119China. State Key Laboratory of Information of Photonics and Optical Communications School of Electronic EngineeringBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Integrated switches play a crucial role in the development of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers(ROADMs)that have greater flexibility and compactness,ultimately leading to robust single-chip *** decades of research on switches with various structures and platforms,achieving a balance between dense integration,low insertion loss(IL),and polarization-dependent loss(PDL)remains a significant *** this paper,we propose and demonstrate a 32×4 optical switch using high-index doped silica glass(HDSG)for ROADM *** switch is designed to route any of the 32 inputs to the express ports or drop any channels from 32 inputs to the target 4 drop ports or add any of the 4 ports to any of the 32 express *** switch comprises 188 MachZehnder Interferometer(MZI)type switch elements,88 optical vias for the 44 optical bridges,and 618 waveguidewaveguide crossings with three-dimensional(3D)*** 1550 nm,the fiber-to-fiber loss for each express channel is below 2 dB,and across the C and L bands,below 3 *** each input channel to all 4 drop/add channels at 1550 nm,the loss is less than 3.5 dB and less than 5 dB across the C and L *** PDLs for all express and input channels to the 4 drop/add channels are below 0.3 dB over the C band,and the crosstalk is under−50 dB for both the C and L bands.

关键词： polarization ROADM optical

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*** model of riboflavin transporter deficiency(RTD)disorder reveals deficits in synaptic transmission and movement

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 120-123页

作者： Ramesh K.Narayanan Gonzalo Perez-siles Kamila A.Marzec Alexandra Boyling brent Neumann Manoj P.Menezes Marina L.Kennerson Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory ANZAC Research Institute-Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSW 2139Australia Sydney Medical School University of SydneySydneyNSw 2050Australia ANZAC Research Institute-Sydney Local Health District SydneyNSW 2139Australia Neuroscience Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Kids Neuroscience Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadSydneyNSW2145Australia Paediatrics and Child Health The University of SydneySydneySydneyNSW 2145Australia Molecular Medicine Laboratory Concord General Repatriation HospitalSydneyNSW 2139Australia

Riboflavin transporter deficiency(RTD),previously known as Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome,is a childhoodonset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by sensory and motor neuron degeneration causing ataxia,muscle weakness,optic atrophy,and respiratory *** in SLC52A2 and SLC52A3,solute carrier family members that encode riboflavin(RF)transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3,are known to cause RTD types 2 and 3,respectively.

关键词： RTD degeneration TD

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中国学习者英语二语心理词汇网络结构研究

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外语教学与研究 2024年第2期56卷 239-250,320页

作者：陈士法周越彭玉乐刘洁 brent Wolter 中国海洋大学

本研究基于中国英语学习者和英语母语者的词汇联想测试数据,利用网络科学技术,从宏观、中观和微观三个层面探索中国学习者英语二语心理词汇网络结构。研究发现有二。1)二语心理词汇网络的平均最短路径和聚集系数与其对应的随机网络参数... 详细信息

本研究基于中国英语学习者和英语母语者的词汇联想测试数据,利用网络科学技术,从宏观、中观和微观三个层面探索中国学习者英语二语心理词汇网络结构。研究发现有二。1)二语心理词汇网络的平均最短路径和聚集系数与其对应的随机网络参数相比,均存在显著差异。2)二语心理词汇网络与母语心理词汇网络在宏观层面无显著差异,在中观层面存在显著差异,在微观层面存在质的差异:二语心理词汇网络以语义为主,语义-非语义混合联结,母语心理词汇网络以语义联结为主;此外,二语水平只在微观层面影响二语心理词汇网络的内部联结:高水平学习者的语义联结占比高。据此,本文构建了英语二语心理词汇的复杂网络:节点聚集程度较高,结构优化,信息通达速度较快;随着二语水平提高,语义联结不断加强,网络结构会更优化,信息交流更有效。

关键词：二语心理词汇网络复杂网络二语水平词汇联想网络科学

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Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (imEVs) Improve Cold Preservation of Isolated Mitochondria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第1期12卷 52-63页

作者： Xianpeng Jiang Sergey Rodin Ken Braesch-Andersen Catherine C. Baucom Karl-Henrik Grinnemo brent Segal Elliott Mitochondrial Center Sallie Astor Burdine Breast Foundation Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Mitosense Inc. Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Surgical Sciences Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Cardio-Thoracic Translational Medicine (CTTM) Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden

Mitochondrial organelle transplantation (MOT) is an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction such as cardiac ischemic reperfusion injuries, Parkinson’s diseases, brain and spinal cord injuries, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, one of the major challenges for widespread usage is a methodology for preservation of isolated mitochondria. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles released from cells. EVs carry a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, and even organelles such as mitochondria. Purpose: To test if EVs enhance the stability of isolated mitochondria. Methods: We mixed isolated mitochondria of fibroblasts with EVs of mesenchymal stromal cells (imEVs) (9:1 in volume) and stored the mixture at 2°C - 6°C for different time periods. We measured morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial ATP content at 0, 2, 5 days. Key findings: After 2 days of storage, the mito-chondria without imEVs lost approximate 70% MMP (RFU: 1822 ± 68), compared to the fresh mitochondria (RFU: 5458 ± 52) (p 0.05). In agreement with MMP, mitochondria without imEVs lost significant mitochondrial ATP content (p 0.05), after 2 days of cold storage, compared to fresh mitochondria. Microscopy showed that imEVs promoted aggregation of isolated mitochondria. Summary: The preliminary data showed that imEVs enhanced the stability of isolated mitochondria in cold storage.

关键词： Mitochondria Extracellular Vesicles Mitochondrial Preservation MOT imEVs

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