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Neurosurgical and pharmacological management of dystonia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 624-634页

作者： Ali Ahmed Mohamed Steven Faragalla Asad Khan Garrett Flynn Gersham Rainone Phillip Mitchell Johansen brandon Lucke-Wold Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair University of South FloridaTampaFL 33606United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Dystonia characterizes a group of neurological movement disorders characterized by abnormal muscle movements,often with repetitive or sustained contraction resulting in abnormal *** types of dystonia present based on the affected body regions and play a prominent role in determining the potential efficacy of a given *** most patients afflicted with these disorders,an exact cause is rarely identified,so treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic *** agents,such as oral anticholinergic administration and botulinum toxin injection,play a major role in the initial treatment of *** more severe and/or refractory cases,focal areas for neurosurgical intervention are identified and targeted to improve quality of *** brain stimulation(DBS)targets these anatomical locations to minimize dystonia *** ablation procedures and peripheral denervation surgeries also offer potential treatment to patients who do not respond to *** management options grant providers and patients the ability to weigh the benefits and risks for each individual patient *** review article explores these pharmacological and neurosurgical management modalities for dystonia,providing a comprehensive assessment of each of their benefits and shortcomings.

关键词： Botulinum toxin Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound Surgical ablation Deep brain stimulation Peripheral denervation surgery Antipsychotics

大国数字货币对小国宏观金融形势溢出效应研究

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新金融 2024年第7期 53-58页

作者： Anh H.le Alexander Copestake brandon Tan Evan Papageorgiou SJay Peiris Umang Rawat 唐成千(译) 周正铭(译) 国际货币基金组织不详

央行数字货币(CBDC)快速发展,与传统法定货币不同,CBDC对宏观经济,尤其是对邻国的宏观经济有哪些影响值得关注。本文建立了一个考虑内生货币替代和金融摩擦的两国新凯恩斯模型,以考察大型外国经济体发行的稳定币对小型发展中经济体的影... 详细信息

央行数字货币(CBDC)快速发展,与传统法定货币不同,CBDC对宏观经济,尤其是对邻国的宏观经济有哪些影响值得关注。本文建立了一个考虑内生货币替代和金融摩擦的两国新凯恩斯模型,以考察大型外国经济体发行的稳定币对小型发展中经济体的影响。研究发现,外国稳定币为国内经济中的家庭提供流动性服务,并为国内通胀提供额外的对冲;同时,它的引入放大了货币替代效应,减少了银行中介作用,削弱了货币政策传导作用,加剧了衰退冲击的影响,增加了银行业经营压力;而资本管制提高了稳定币作为规避手段的使用率,增加了对外国冲击溢出效应的敞口。与国内中央银行数字货币不同,禁止外国稳定币支付可以缓解这些影响。本刊编译此篇国际货币基金组织(IMF)的工作论文,以期为读者带来启示。

关键词：央行数字货币(CBDC) 宏观金融形势溢出效应开放经济体金融摩擦

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert J.Thomas M.brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Mechanisms of vascular injury in neurotrauma: A critical review of the literature

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2024年第3期12卷 6-16页

作者： Jonathan Willman Annu Lisa Kurian brandon Lucke-Wold College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States College of Medicine Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32304United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

One in every two individuals will experience a traumatic brain injury in their lifetime with significant impacts on the global economy and healthcare system each *** injury is a key aspect of neurotrauma to both the brain and the spinal cord and an important avenue of current and future research seeking innovative *** this paper,we discuss primary and secondary neurotrauma,mechanisms of injury,the glymphatic system,repair and *** of these topics are directly connected to the vasculature of the central ner-vous system,affecting severity of injury and ***,neurova-scular injury in trauma represents a promising target for future therapeutics and innovation.

关键词： Neurotrauma Neurovascular injury Primary neurotrauma Secondary neurotrauma Traumatic brain injury Traumatic spinal cord injury Glymphatic system Vascular Injury

T lymphocyte proportion in Alzheimer’s disease prognosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第26期12卷 6001-6003页

作者： Matthew Willman Gopi Patel brandon Lucke-Wold College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Bai et al investigate the predictive value of T lymphocyte proportion in Alzheimer's disease(AD)*** a retrospective study involving 62 AD patients,they found that a decrease in T lymphocyte proportion correlated with a poorer prognosis,as indicated by higher modified Rankin scale *** the study highlights the potential of T lymphocyte proportion as a prognostic marker,it suggests the need for larger,multicenter studies to enhance generalizability and ***,future research could use cognitive exams when evaluating prognosis and delve into immune mechanisms underlying AD *** limitations inherent in retrospective designs,Bai et al's work contributes to understanding the immune system's role in AD prognosis,paving the way for further exploration in this under-researched area.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease T lymphocyte T lymphocyte proportion Alzheimer's disease prognosis Modified rankin scale Immune cell count Electroencephalogram Immune function

Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng Li brandon Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.Doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron D.Franklin Tony Jun Huang Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

Overview of emerging therapies for demyelinating diseases

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第30期12卷 6361-6373页

作者： Robert Medina Ann-Marie Derias Maria Lakdawala Skye Speakman brandon Lucke-Wold University of Florida College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFl 32610United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

This paper provides an overview of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system,specifically those caused by *** explore new research regarding potential therapeutic interventions,particularly those aimed at inducing *** is a detailed process,involving many cell types–oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),astrocytes,and microglia–and both the innate and adaptive immune *** discussion of this process includes the differentiation potential of neural stem cells,the function of adult OPCs,and the impact of molecular mediators on myelin *** therapies are also explored,with mechanisms of action including the induction of OPC differentiation,the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells,and the use of molecular ***,we discuss current medical advancements in relation to many myelin-related disorders,including multiple sclerosis,optic neuritis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodyassociated disease,transverse myelitis,and acute disseminated *** these emerging systemic therapies,we also introduce the dimethyl fumarate/silk fibroin nerve conduit and its potential role in the treatment of peripheral nerve *** these aforementioned scientific advancements,this paper maintains the need for ongoing research to deepen our understanding of demyelinating diseases and advance therapeutic strategies that enhance affected patients’quality of life.

关键词： Central nervous system disease Autoimmune Remyelination Demyelination Myelin Oligodendrocyte Emerging therapies Multiple Sclerosis

Updates on management of gliomas in the molecular age

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第2期15卷 178-194页

作者： Ali Ahmed Mohamed Rakan Alshaibi Steven Faragalla Youssef Mohamed brandon Lucke-Wold Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199United States College of Osteopathic Medicine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMO 64804United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Gliomas are primary brain tumors derived from glial cells of the central nervous system,afflicting both adults and children with distinct characteristics and therapeutic *** developments have ushered in novel clinical and molecular prognostic factors,reshaping treatment paradigms based on classi-fication and grading,determined by histological attributes and cellular *** review article delves into the diverse treatment modalities tailored to the specific grades and molecular classifications of gliomas that are currently being discussed and used clinically in the year *** adults,the therapeutic triad typically consists of surgical resection,chemotherapy,and *** contrast,pediatric gliomas,due to their diversity,require a more tailored *** complete tumor excision can be curative based on the location and grade of the glioma,certain non-resectable cases demand a chemotherapy approach usually involving,vincristine and ***-tionally,if surgery or chemotherapy strategies are unsuccessful,Vinblastine can be *** recent advancements in treatment methodologies,there remains a need of exploration in the literature,particularly concerning the efficacy of treatment regimens for isocitrate dehydrogenase type mutant astrocytomas and fine-tuned therapeutic approaches tailored for pediatric *** review article explores into the therapeutic modalities employed for both adult and pediatric gliomas in the context of their molecular classification.

关键词： Gliomas Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Isocitrate dehydrogenase type mutant Pediatric gliomas Astrocytoma Oligodendroglioma 1p/19q-codeleted

Microstructure, precipitates and mechanical properties of powder bed fused inconel 718 before and after heat treatment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第6期35卷 1153-1164页

作者： le Zhou Abhishek Mehta brandon McWilliams Kyu Cho Yongho Sohn Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA Weapons and Materials Research Directorate US. Amy Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 USA

IN718 alloy was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(PBF) for examination of microstructure, precipitates and mechanical properties in the as-built state and after different heat treatments. The as-built alloy had a characteristic fine cellular-dendritic microstructure with Nb, Mo and Ti segregated along the interdendritic region and cellular boundary. The as-built alloys were then subjected to solution heat treatment(SHT) at 980°C or 1065°C for 1 h. SHT at 980°C led to the formation of δ-phase in the interdendritic region or cellular boundary. The segregation was completely removed by the SHT at 1065°C, but recrystallization was observed, and the carbides decorated along the grain boundaries. The as-built alloy and alloys with SHT at 980°C and 1065°C were two-step aged, which consisted of annealing at 720°C for8 h followed by annealing at 620°C for 8 h. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the precipitation of λ’ and λ" in all alloys after two-step aging, but the amount and uniformity of distribution varied. The Vickers hardness of the PBF IN718 alloy increased from 296 HV to 467 HV after direct aging. The hardness decreased to 267 HV and 235 HV after SHT at 980°C and 1065°C, respectively, but increased to 458 HV and 477 HV followed by aging. The evolution of Young’s modulus after heat treatment exhibited similar trend to that of hardness. The highest hardness was observed for IN718 after SHT at 1065°C and two-step aging due to precipitation with greater amount and uniform distribution.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion IN718 Microstructure Transmission electron microscopy