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Gut Fermentation and Growth Performance of Pigs Fed High Fiber Diet

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第11期2卷 1290-1295页

作者： Abraham Woldeghebriel Shanequa Smith Teo Barrios brad pope Sebhatu Gebrelul Department of Animal Sciences North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University Greensboro 27411 USA Southern University Baton Rouge 70809 USA

Ninety six pigs average weight 9.15 kg were used to study the effects of feeding diets containing multiple sources of dietary fiber （DF） on weight gain and concentration of fermentation products in the digestive tract. The experiment employed four diets and four pens diet1. Diets included a low fiber diet （LFD）, as control and three antibiotic free high-fiber diets （HFD） containing a 1：2, 1：1 or 2：1 oats：barley ratios. At the end of the 70 d feeding trial three pigs of comparable weight diefI were slaughtered. Digesta taken from the stomach, cecum and colon were used for the determination of volatile fatty acids （VFA）. Results indicated that inclusion of HFD increased （P 〈 0.05） feed intake but not weight gain. As revealed by the higher feed intake the nutritional value of HFD was approximately 88% of LFD. Also, as the amount of oats in the diet was increased, VFA concentration was also increased while isobutyrate decreased （P 〈 0.05）. Lower concentration of isobutyrate may indicate parallel reduction in other putatively toxic products of protein fermentation in the digestive tract. Thus, inclusion of multiple sources of fiber in the diet impacted feed intake and the products of gut fermentation in growing pigs.

关键词： Fiber pig volatile fatty acids oats fermentation.

Exact orbital-free kinetic energy functional for general many-electron systems

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第2期15卷 87-92页

作者： Thomas pope Werner Hofer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE17RUUnited Kingdom School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The exact form of the kinetic energy functional has remained elusive in orbital-free models of density functional theory(DFT).This has been the main stumbling block for the development of a general-purpose framework on this ***,we show that on the basis of a two-density model,which represents many-electron systems by mass density and spin density components,we can derive the exact form of such a *** exact functional is shown to contain previously suggested functionals to some extent,with the notable exception of the Thomas-Fermi kinetic energy functional.

关键词： condensed matter density functional theory(DFT) extended electrons

A two-density approach to the general many-body problem and a proof of principle for small atoms and molecules

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Frontiers of physics 2019年第2期14卷 89-96页

作者： Thomas pope Werner Hofer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

An extended electron model fully recovers many of the experimental results of quantum mechanics while it avoids many of the pitfalls and remains generally free of paradoxes. The formulation of the manybody electronic problem here resembles the Kohn Sham formulation of standard density functional theory. However, rather than referring electronic properties to a large set of single electron orbitals, the extended electron model uses only mass density and field components, leading to a substantial increase in computational efficiency. To date, the Hohenberg-Kohn theorems have not been proved for a model of this type, nor has a universal energy functional been presented. In this paper, we address these problems and show that the Hohenberg Kohn theorems do also hold for a density model of this type. We then present a proof^of^concept practical implementation of this method and show that it reproduces the accuracy of more widely used methods on a test-set of small atomic systems, thus paving the way for the development of fast, efficient and accurate codes on this basis.

关键词： many-body condensed matter Hartree-Fock density functional theory extended electrons

Spin in the extended electron model

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Frontiers of physics 2017年第3期12卷 81-85页

作者： Thomas pope Werner Hofer School of Chemistry Newcastle University Newcastle NE1 7RU UK

It has been found that a model of extended electrons is more suited to describe theoretical simula- tions and experimental results obtained via scanning tunnelling microscopes, but while the dynamic properties are easily incorporated, magnetic properties, and in particular electron spin properties pose a problem due to their conceived isotropy in the absence of measurement. The spin of an electron reacts with a magnetic field and thus has the properties of a vector. However, electron spin is also isotropic, suggesting that it does not have the properties of a vector. This central conflict in the de- scription of an electron＇s spin, we believe, is the root of many of the paradoxical properties measured and postulated for quantum spin particles. Exploiting a model in which the electron spin is described consistently in real three-dimensional space - an extended electron model - we demonstrate that spin may be described by a vector and still maintain its isotropy. In this framework, we re-evaluate the Stern-Gerlach experiments, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiments, and the effect of consecutive ts and find in all cases a fairly intuitive explanation.

关键词： spin extended electron model geometric algebra Stern-Gerlach experiment Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen magnetism

Effect of organophosphorus insecticides on phosphorylation of the M_2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第4期3卷 406-409页

作者： Shuyin Li Liming Zou Carry pope Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Basic Medical School of Shenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 Liaoning Province China Department of Physiological Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK. USA

BACKGROUND： Organophosphorus insecticides may promote the accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses and the neuromuscular junction by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity to cause disturbance of neural signal conduction and induce a toxic reaction. Organophosphorus insecticides may act on M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, whose combination with G proteins is regulated by phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of organophosphorus insecticides on the phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-mediated M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and to reveal other possible actions of organophosphorus insecticides. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An observational study, which was performed in the Central Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College, and Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University from June 2002 to December 2004. MATERIALS： Paraoxon, parathion, chlorpyrifos, and chlorpyrifos oxon were provided by Chem Service Company, USA, [γ -p^32] ATP and [^35S]GTP γ S by New England Nuclear Life Science Products, and recombinant β 2-adrenergic receptor membrane protein by Sigma Company, USA. METHODS： The M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was extracted and purified from pig brain using affinity chromatography. Subsequently, the purified M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, and [γ -p^32] ATP were incubated with different concentrations of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos oxon together. The mixture then underwent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the gel film was dried and radioactively autographed to detect phosphorylation of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Finally, the radio-labeled phosphorylated M2 receptor protein band was excised for counting with an isotope liquid scintillation counter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Effects of chlorpyrifos oxon, paraoxon, chlorpyrifos, and parathion in different concentrations on

关键词： organophosphorus insecticide antagonists G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 muscarinicacetylcholine receptor M2 phosphorylation

Preparation of a New Polyoxometalate-based Nanoparticles

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2004年第6期15卷 714-716页

作者： XiaoHongWANG FengLI JingFuLIU M.T.pope DepartmentofChemistry NortheastNormalUniversityChangchtm130024 DepartmentofChemistry GeorgetownUniversityWashingtonDC20057-1227U.S.A

Polyoxometalates (POMs) α-K8 H6 [Si2W18Ti6O77] (Si2W18Ti6) loaded starch nanop-articles have been prepared and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and 29Si spectroscopy. The particle size of Si2W18Ti6 /starch was estimated by a Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a 1000HSA MALVIRN Zetasizer instrument. The result shows that the polyoxometalate retained the parent structure after encapsulated by starch microspheres.

关键词： Polyoxometalate nanoparticle synthesis.

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck—an old problem revisited

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第4期7卷 517-519页

作者： John Bunni Mark Gillam Ian Michael pope Department of General Surgery Bristol Royal InfirmaryBristol BS28HWUK

Herein the authors describe the case of a young woman presenting with a tender lump in her *** the differential was of either a reactive lymph node or a femoral *** scan was urgently arranged and showed a cystic *** exploration was carried out and revealed this to be a hydrocele of the canal of *** was excised and the patient’s symptoms resolved and she was discharged home the following *** explore the embryology,pathophysiology and management of this rare entity.

关键词： canal of Nuck hernia embryology

A systematic review of active video games on rehabilitative outcomes among older patients

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 33-43页

作者： Nan Zeng Zachary pope Jung Eun Lee Zan Gao School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota Department of Applied Human Sciences University of Minnesota-DuluthDuluthMN 55812USA

Background: Although current research supports the use of active video games(AVGs) in rehabilitation, the evidence has yet to be systematically reviewed or synthesized. The current project systematically reviewed literature, summarized findings, and evaluated the effectiveness of AVGs as a therapeutic tool in improving physical, psychological, and cognitive rehabilitative outcomes among older adults with chronic ***: Seven databases(Academic Search Complete, Communication & Mass Media Complete, ERIC, Psyc INFO, Pub Med, SPORTDiscus,and Medline) were searched for studies that evaluated the effectiveness of AVG-based rehabilitation among older patients. The initial search yielded 946 articles; after evaluating against inclusion criteria and removing duplicates, 19 studies of AVG-based rehabilitation ***: Most studies were quasi-experimental in design, with physical functioning the primary outcome investigated with regard to the use of AVGs in rehabilitation. Overall, 9 studies found significant improvements for all study outcomes, whereas 9 studies were mixed, with significant improvements on several study outcomes but no effects observed on other outcomes after AVG-based treatments. One study failed to find any benefits of AVG-based ***: Findings indicate AVGs have potential in rehabilitation for older patients, with several randomized clinical trials reporting positive effects on rehabilitative outcomes. However, existing evidence is insufficient to support the advantages of AVGs over standard therapy. Given the limited number of studies and concerns with study design quality, more research is warranted to make more definitive conclusions regarding the ability of AVGs to improve rehabilitative outcomes in older patients.

关键词： Balance Depression Enjoyment Exergaming Physical functioning Quality of life

The effects of a bike active video game on players' physical activity and motivation

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 25-32,127页

作者： Denis Pasco Cédric Roure Gilles Kermarrec Zachary pope Zan Gao School of Education The University of Bourgogne Franche-ComtéBesançon 25000France Faculty of Movement Sciences The Catholic University of LouvainLouvain-La-Neuve B-1348Belgium Faculty of Sport Science and Education The University of Brittany-LoireBrest 29200France School of Kinesiology The University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Background: Players may not acquire adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) when playing commercial video *** study's goal was to evaluate the effects of an exercise bike video game played by using a mobile application-based exergame that was designed exclusively to promote participants' MVPA, with additional attention paid to this game's ability to promote greater situational ***: An experimental design was used with 163 students(aged 20.31 ± 1.30, 18–26 years, 61.3% male), all of whom were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. Physical activity(PA) levels were assessed with Acti Graph GT3X+(Acti Graph Inc., Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) accelerometers. The situational interest scale was used to evaluate students' situational interest in both *** analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences between sedentary behavior, PA levels, and situational interest between groups. Regression analyses were also used, with the purpose being to evaluate the strength of the relationship between PA and situational ***: Results revealed that the experimental group had higher degrees of sedentary behavior, light PA, total interest, instant enjoyment,exploration intention, attention demand, novelty, and challenge, whereas the control group received higher scores for MVPA(control 95.01% *** group 89.94%). Regression analysis indicated that instant enjoyment(β = 0.49, p < 0.01), exploration intention(β = 0.18, p < 0.05),and attention demand(β = 0.17, p < 0.05) were positive predictors for total interest, explaining 43% of its ***: A newly designed mobile application-based exergame played via an exercise bike may enhance situational interest and provide a decent level of PA for players.

关键词： Design Exergame Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Sedentary behavior Situational interest Young adults