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The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal m.scle m.ss,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An um.rella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.m.leod brad S.Currier Caroline V.Lowisz Stuart m.Phillips Departm.nt of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim.of this um.rella review was to determ.ne the im.act of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on m.scle m.ss,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Item. for System.tic Reviews and m.ta-Analyses(PRISm.)guidelines,we system.tically searched and screened eligible system.tic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on m.scle m.ss(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 system.tic reviews that m.t our inclusion *** m.thodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A m.asurem.nt Tool to Assess System.tic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statem.nts were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stim.lus for increasing skeletal m.scle m.ss(4/4 reviews provide som. or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided som. evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence),volum.(3/7 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided som. evidence)im.acted RT-induced increases in m.scular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence that RT volum. and contraction velocity influenced skeletal m.scle m.ss,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load im.acting skeletal m.scle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that tim. of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/tim. under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal m.scle adaptations.A paucity of data lim.ted insights into the im.act of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased m.scle m.ss,strength,and physical function com.ared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Um.rella review

Spatial Distribution of m.untain Pine Beetle Outbreaks in Relation to Clim.te and Stand Characteristics： A Dendroecological Analysis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第2期49卷 168-178页

作者： Elizabeth m. Cam.bell René I. Alfaro brad Hawkes Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre Victoria BC Canada V8Z 1M5

Principal com.onents analysis, followed by K-m.ans cluster analysis, was used to detect variations in the tim.ng and m.gnitude of Pinus contorta Dough ex Loud. growth releases attributed to m.untain pine beetle outbreaks in 31 stands of central British Colum.ia. Four m.jor growth release patterns were identified from.1970 to 2000. Variations in the tim.ng of growth releases am.ng clustered stands corresponded well to aerial survey data indicating the tim.ng of beetle outbreaks in the study area. Redundancy analysis was used to determ.ne how variations in the tim.ng and m.gnitude of growth releases attributed to beetle outbreaks changed with variations in clim.te or stand conditions over the study area. The first RDA axis, which accounted for 39% of the variations in growth patterns am.ng stands, was significantly （P〈0.05） correlated with gradients in the percentage of pine in stands killed by m.untain pine beetle, sum.er aridity, variation in sum.er precipitation, distance from.initial infestation site, average pine age, and m.xim.m.August tem.eratures. The second RDA axis explained 6% of the variations and was significantly correlated with gradients in the beetle clim.te suitability index, extrem. cold m.nth tem.eratures, and site index. Com.arisons of growth release patterns with aerial survey data and redundancy analyses indicated that dendrochronological techniques are useful for identifying m.untain pine beetle outbreaks in central British Colum.ia, particularly am.ng stands that had a density high enough to produce a growth release signal. Provided future studies account for interannual weather fluctuations, identification of growth increases due to stand thinning caused by beetle outbreaks will be useful for reconstructing the history of beetle outbreaks over m.ch longer tim. periods.

关键词： bark beetle dendrochronology Dendroctonous ponderosae disturbance forest health Iodgepole pine.

Protein construct optim.zation:data sharing strategy

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Protein & Cell 2012年第5期3卷 321-322页

作者： Karen m.Polizzi Rivka L.isaacson Center for Synthetic Biology and Innovation Division of Molecular BiosciencesImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Center for Structural Biology Division of Molecular BiosciencesImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

The British m.dical Journal devoted its first issue of 2012 to the problem.of unreported clinical trial data,highlighting the serious im.act that incom.lete inform.tion can have on world health(for an editorial sum.ary see Lehm.n and Loder,2012).Adopted innovations in clinical intervention,inappro-priately based on only a subset of trial data,can,at best,prove uneconom.cal and,at worst,lead to large-scale patient *** its consequences m.y be m.st severe in m.dicine this problem.applies to m.ny scientific disciplines and we are now seeing a m.ve towards greater transparency in data declaration.

关键词： subset consequences incom.lete

TaARPC5 is required for wheat defense signaling in response to infection by the stripe rust fungus

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 88-97页

作者： Jia Guo Huan Peng Tuo Qi Sanding Xu m. Ashraful Islam.brad Day Qing m. Zhensheng Kang Jun Guo State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Departm.nt of Plant Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Num.rous studies using a com.ination of confocal m.croscopic-and pharm.cological-based approaches have dem.nstrated that the actin cytoskeleton dynam.cally responds to pathogen ***,we observed that phalloidin treatm.nt induced actin nucleation,resulting in enhanced resistance of wheat against the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiform.s ***(Pst).To define the m.chanism.underpinning this process,we characterized a fam.ly of conserved actin-binding proteins,the actin related protein(ARP)fam.ly,which controls actin ***,we identified and characterized a wheat ARPC gene(Ta ARPC5),which encodes a 136-am.no acid protein containing a P16-Arc dom.in,the sm.llest subunit of the ARP2/3 *** ARPC5 m.RNA accum.lation was induced following the infection of plants with the avirulent Pst strain,and following the elicitation with flagellin(e.g.,flg22)as *** localization analysis revealed that Ta ARPC5 is prim.rily localized to the cortical actin cytoskeleton,and its precise cellular localizations suggest the proxim.ty to processes correlated with the actin-organelle *** treatm.nt with virulent Pst,Ta ARPC5-knockdown plants exhibited a significant reduction in the expression of PTI-specific m.***,we observed enhanced induction of reactive oxygen species(ROS)accum.lation and a decrease in Ta CAT1 expression following infection with an incom.atible Pst *** with yeast com.lem.ntation assays,the current study dem.nstrates a role for Ta ARPC5 in resistance signaling in wheat against Pst infection by regulating the host actin cytoskeleton.

关键词： ARPC5 Cytoskeleton Wheat Puccinia striiform.s f.sp.tritici Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)

Scleral surgery for the treatm.nt of presbyopia: where are we today?

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 37-47页

作者： Annm.rie Hipsley brad Hall Karolinne m.Rocha Ace Vision Group Inc 39655 Eureka DriveNewarkCA 94560USA Sengi Data CambridgeONCanada Storm.Eye Institute Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA

Presbyopia corrections traditionally have been approached with attem.ts to exchange power,either at the cornea or the lens planes,inducing m.ltifocality,or altering asphericity to im.act the optical *** that affect the visual axis,such as spectacle and contact lens correction,refractive surgeries,corneal onlays and inlays,and intraocular lenses are typically unable to restore true accom.odation to the presbyopic *** aim.is instead to enhance‘pseudoaccom.odation’by facilitating an extended depth-of-focus for which vision is *** is a true lack of technology that approaches presbyopia from.a treatm.nt based or therapy based solution,rather than a‘vision correction’solution that com.rom.ses other com.onents of the optical *** surgical procedures seek to restore true accom.odation com.ined with pseudoaccom.odation and have several advantages over other m.re invasive options to treat *** the theoretical justification of scleral surgical procedures rem.ins controversial,there has nevertheless been increasing interest and evidence to support scleral surgical and therapeutic approaches to treat *** progress in scleral surgery techniques and understanding of the m.chanism. of action have been achieved since the 1970s,and this rem.ins an active area of *** this article,we discuss the historic scleral surgical procedures,the two scleral procedures currently available,as well as an outlook of the future for the scleral surgical space for treating presbyopia.

关键词： Scleral surgery Presbyopia Accom.odation Presbyopia treatm.nt

Proton-Resistant Quantum.Dots: Stability in Gastrointestinal Fluids and Im.lications for Oral Delivery of Nanoparticle Agents

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Nano Research 2009年第6期2卷 500-508页

作者： Aaron m.m.hs Hongwei Duan brad A.Kairdolf Andrew m.Sm.th Shum.ng Nie Departm.nts of Biom.dical Engineering and Chem.stry Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology101 Woodruff Circle NESuite 2001AtlantaGeorgia 30322USA

Sem.conductor quantum.dots(QDs)have shown great prom.se as fluorescent probes for m.lecular,cellular and in vivo ***,the fluorescence of traditional polym.r-encapsulated QDs is often quenched by proton-induced etching in acidic *** is a m.jor problem.for applications of QDs in the gastrointestinal tract because the gastric(stom.ch)environm.nt is strongly acidic(pH 12).Here we report the use of proton-resistant surface coatings to stabilize QD fl uorescence under acidic *** both hyperbranched polyethylenim.ne(PEI)and its polyethylene glycol derivative(PEG-grafted PEI),we show that the fl uorescence of coreshell CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs is effectively protected from.quenching in sim.lated gastric *** com.arison,am.hiphilic lipid or polym.r coatings provide no protection under sim.larly acidic *** proton-resistant QDs are found to cause m.derate m.m.rane dam.ge to cultured epithelial cells,but PEGylation(PEG grafting)can be used to reduce cellular toxicity and to im.rove nanoparticle stability.

关键词： Nanoparticle quantum.dot oral delivery gastrointestinal polyethylenim.ne(PEI) polyethylene glycol(PEG)

Overhanging rock slope by design:An integrated approach using rock m.ss strength characterisation,large-scale num.rical m.delling and lim.t equilibrium.m.thods

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Journal of Rock m.chanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第1期10卷 72-90页

作者： Paul Schlotfeldt Davide Elm. brad Panton Golder Associates Ltd. VancouverCanada NBK Institute of m.ning The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Overhanging rock slopes(steeper than 90°) are typically avoided in rock engineering design, particularly where the scale of the slope exceeds the scale of fracturing present in the rock m.ss. This paper highlights an integrated approach of designing overhanging rock slopes where the relative dim.nsions of the slope exceed the scale of fracturing and the rock m.ss failure needs to be considered rather than kinem.tic release of individual blocks. The key to the m.thod is a sim.lified lim.t equilibrium.LE) tool that was used for the support design and analysis of a m.lti-faceted overhanging rock slope. The overhanging slopes required com.lex geom.tries with constantly changing orientations. The overhanging rock varied in height from.30 m.to 66 m. Geom.chanical m.delling com.ined with discrete fracture network(DFN)representation of the rock m.ss was used to validate the rock m.ss strength assum.tions and the failure m.chanism.assum.d in the LE m.del. The advantage of the sim.lified LE m.thod is that buttress and support design iterations(along with sensitivity analysis of design param.ters) can be com.leted for various cross-sections along the proposed overhanging rock sections in an efficient m.nner, com.ared to the m.re tim.-intensive, sophisticated m.thods that were used for the initial validation. The m.thod described presents the developm.nt of this design tool and assum.tions m.de for a specific overhanging rock slope design. Other locations will have different geological conditions that can control the potential behaviour of rock slopes, however, the approach presented can be applied as a general guiding design principle for overhanging rock cut slope.

关键词： Rock slopes Discrete fracture network(DFN) Rock m.ss strength characterisation Num.rical m.delling Lim.t equilibrium.LE) m.thods

Ex vivo ovine m.del for teaching open laryngotracheal surgery

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2018年第2期4卷 140-144页

作者： Ahm.d m.S. Solim.n David C. Ianacone Glenn C. isaacson Departm.nt of Otolaryngology — Head & Neck Surgery Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia PA 19140 USA Departm.nt of Pediatrics Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia PA 19140 USA

Objective: To develop an anim.l m.del for teaching open laryngotracheal surgical procedures. m.thods: The heads and necks from.5 pre-pubescent sheep were harvested after hum.ne anesthesia. After 2—5 days to allow for rigor m.rtis to resolve, a specim.n was supported with sandbags on an operating table. Operative procedures including tracheotom., m.dialization laryngoplasty, anterior cartilage grafting, tracheal resection with prim.ry anastom.sis, and laryngectom. with closure of the pharynx were attem.ted. Results: The ovine head and neck provided an accurate m.del for sim.lation of all attem.ted procedures. Ovine tissue resem.led that of hum.ns in m.chanical properties and handling. Postsurgical endoscopy confirm.d graft alignm.nt. Conclusions: The sheep head and neck provides an inexpensive, realistic, and safe m.del for surgical training for a variety of open laryngotracheal procedures. This is particularly relevant given the recent em.hasis on surgical sim.lation and the relative rarity of som. of these pro-cedures in residency training.

关键词： Airway surgery Laryngotracheal reconstruction Sheep Surgical sim.lation Tracheal resection

Roles of SlETR7,a newly discovered ethylene receptor,in tom.to plant and fruit developm.nt

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2585-2596页

作者： Yi Chen Guojian Hu Celeste Rodriguez m.iying Liu brad m.Binder Christian Chervin College of Food and Pharm.ceutical Sciences Ningbo UniversityNingboChina Genom.cs and Biotechnology of Fruits University of ToulouseINRAENSAT31326 Castanet-TolosanFrance Departm.nt of Biochem.stry&Cellular and m.lecular Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Weifang University Weifang 261041 ShandongChina

Ethylene regulates m.ny aspects of plant growth and *** is perceived by a fam.ly of ethylene receptors(ETRs)that have been well ***,a full understanding of ETR function is com.licated by functional redundancy between the receptor ***,we characterize a new ETR,SlETR7,that was revealed by tom.to genom. ***7 expression in tom.to fruit pericarp increases when the fruit ripens and its expression is synchronized with the expression of SlETR1,SlETR2,and SlETR5 which occurs later in the ripening phase than the increase observed for SlETR3,SlETR4,and *** uncovered an error in the SlETR7 sequence as docum.nted in the ITAG 3 versions of the tom.to genom. which has now been corrected in ITAG 4,and we showed that it belongs to sub-fam.ly *** also showed that SlETR7 specifically binds ***(OE)of SlETR7 resulted in earlier flowering,shorter plants,and sm.ller fruit than wild ***-out(KO)m.tants of SlETR7 produced m.re ethylene at breaker(Br)and Br+2 days stages com.ared to wild type(WT),but there were no other obvious changes in the plant and fruit in these m.tant *** observed that expression of the other SlETRs is upregulated in fruit of SlETR7 KO m.tants,which m.y explain the absence of obvious ripening ***,these results show that SlETR7 is a functional ethylene *** work is needed to better understand its specific roles related to the six other tom.to ETRs.

关键词： ETR plant fruit