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Urbanization,economic development,and environmental changes in transitional economies in the global south:a case of Yangon

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 929-945页

作者： Peilei Fan Jiquan Chen Cadi Fung Zaw Naing Zutao Ouyang Khaing Moe Nyunt Zin Nwe Myint Jiaguo Qi Joseph P.Messina Soe W.Myint brad g.peter School of Planning Designand Construction and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of geography Environmentand Spatial Sciences and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Mandalay Technology YangonMyanmar Earth System Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Yangon City Development Committee YangonMyanmar Yangon University YangonMyanmar College of Arts and Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA School of geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-5302USA Department of geosciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701PUSA

Background:Transitional economies in Southeast Asia—a distinct group of developing countries—have experienced rapid urbanization in the past several decades due to the economic transition that fundamentally changed the function of their economies,societies and the ***,one of the least developed transitional economies in Southeast Asia,increased urbanization substantially from 25%in 1990 to 31%in ***,major knowledge gaps exist in understanding the changes in urban land use and land cover and environment and their drivers in its ***:We studied Yangon,the largest city in Myanmar,for the urbanization,environmental changes,and the underlying driving forces in a radically transitioned economy in the developing *** on satellite imagery and historic land use maps,we quantified the expansion of urban built-up land and constructed the land conversion matrix from 1990 through *** also used three air pollutants to illustrate the changes in environmental *** analyzed the coupled dynamics among urbanization,economic development,and environmental *** conducting a workshop with 20 local experts,we further analyzed the influence of human systems and natural systems on Yangon’s urbanization and ***:The city of Yangon expanded urban built-up land rapidly from 1990 to 2000,slowed down from 2000 to 2010,but gained momentum again from 2010 to 2020,with most newly added urban built-up land appearing to be converted from farmland and green land in both 1990–2000 and 2010–***,the air pollutant concen-tration of CO decreased,but that of NO_(2)and PM_(2.5)increased in recent years.A positive correlation exists between population and economic development and the concentration of PM_(2.5)is highly associated with population,the economy,and the number of ***,the expert panel also identified other potential drivers for urbanization,including the extreme climate event of Cyclone Nargi

关键词： Urbanization Economic development Environmental change Transitional economy globalization Extreme climate event Capital relocation Myanmar

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The Zonal Structure of the Hadley Circulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第6期23卷 869-883页

作者： peter g.BAINES Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia 3010 Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST)Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolBristol BS8 1RJUK

A discussion of the mass transport of the Hadley circulation is presented, with regard to its longitudinal structure. Data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set for the period 1948-2005 is examined, focusing on the solsticial seasons of June-August and December-February. Quantitative estimates have been extracted from the data to observe connections between the zonal mean of the upper tropospheric north/south mass transports and their relationship to the driving factor of tropical precipitation （implying latent heat release） and subsidence in the subtropical high pressure belts. The longitudinal structure of this flow is then examined with regard to these three main variables. The poleward upper tropospheric transport has four （JJA） or three （DJF） main branches, which link regions of major precipitation with corresponding regions of large subsidence, and one （June, July, August） or two （December, January, February） reverse branches. This structure has remained stable over the past sixty years. Although the total upper tropospheric transport in each season is less than the total sinking transport in the target subtropical high pressure belt, this does not apply to the individual branches, the balance being made up by the upper tropospheric reverse transports. An analysis of correlations between all of these various components shows, however, that the complete picture is more complex, with some precipitation regions being linked to subsidence regions outside their own branch.

关键词： Hadley circulation precipitation subsidence horizontal and vertical transport

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Characterization of multi-gNSS between-receiver differential code biases using zero and short baselines

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Science Bulletin 2015年第21期60卷 1840-1849页

作者： Baocheng Zhang.peter J.g.Teunissen global Navigation Satellite System (gNSS) Research Centre Curtin University geoscience and Remote Sensing Delft University of Technology

Care should be taken to minimize adverse impact of receiver differential code biases(DCBs) on global navigation satellite system(gNSS)-derived ionospheric parameters. It is therefore of importance to ascertain the intrinsic characteristics of receiver DCBs,preferably in the context of new-generation gNSS. In this contribution, we present a method that enables time-wise retrieval of between-receiver DCBs(BR-DCBs) from dualfrequency, code-only measurements collected by a pair of co-located receivers. This method is applicable to the US gPS as well as to a new set of gNSS constellations including the Chinese Bei Dou, the European galileo and the Japanese QZSS. With the use of this method, we determine the multi-gNSS BR-DCB time-wise estimates covering a time period of up to 2 years(January 2013–March 2015) with a 30-s time resolution for five receiverpairs(four zero and one short baselines). For the BR-DCB time-wise estimates pertaining to an arbitrary receiver-pair and constellation, we demonstrate their promising intraday stability by means of statistical hypothesis testing. We also find that the Bei Dou BR-DCB daily weighted average(DWA) estimates show a dependence on satellite type, in particular for receiver-pairs of mixed types. Finally, we demonstrate that long-term variability in BR-DCB DWA estimates can be closely associated with hardware temperature variations inside the receivers.

关键词： global navigation satellite system(gNSS) Total electron content (TEC) Between-receiver differential code bias (BR-DCB) BeiDoucode inter-satellite-type-bias (ISTB)

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Early successes and late failures in the prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2007年第26期13卷 3567-3574页

作者： John g Lieb II peter V Draganov gastroenterology Fellow Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Florida FL 32610-0214United States Associate Professor of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Florida FL 32610-0214United States

Acute pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The only way to prevent this complication is to avoid an ERCP all together. Because of the risks involved, a careful consideration should be given to the indication for ERCP and the potential risk/benefit ratio of the test. Once a decision to perform an ERCP is made, the procedure should be carried out with meticulous care by an experienced endoscopist, and with a minimum of pancreatic duct opacification. Several pharmacologic agents have been tested, but to date the most important method of reducing post ERCP pancreatitis is the placement of pancreatic stent. Pancreatic stents should be placed in all patients at high risk of this complication such as those undergoing pancreatic sphincterotomy, pancreatic duct manipulation and intervention, and patients with suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Pancreatic stents should be also considered in patients requiring precut sphincterotomy to gain biliary access.

关键词： Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre-atography pancreatitits Somatostatin gabexate IL-10 Pancreatic stents Aspirating catheter Sphincter of Oddidysfunction

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Pancreatic function testing: Here to stay for the 21st century

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2008年第20期14卷 3149-3158页

作者： John g Lieb II peter V Draganov University of Florida

The diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis （CP） is based on the detection of abnormal structure or function of the diseased pancreas. The pancreatic function tests more accurately determine the presence of CP than tests of structure, especially for early stage disease. The function tests can be divided into two categories： non- invasive and invasive. The invasive ＂tube＂ tests can reliably detect mild, early CP, but are only available at a few referral centers and tend to be poorly tolerated by patients. The non-invasive tests are easy to obtain, but tend to perform poorly in patients with early, mild disease. Therefore, no one test is useful in all clinical situations, and a detailed understanding of the rational, pathophysiologic basis, strengths, and limitations of various tests is needed. This review highlights the role of various pancreatic function tests in the diagnosis of CP including fecal fat analysis, fecal elastase, fecal chymotrypsin, serum trypsin, the secretin stimulation test, the cholecystokinin （CCK） stimulation test, the combined secretin-CCK stimulation test, the intraductal and endoscopic secretin stimulation tests, and the functional magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas after secretin stimulation.

关键词： Pancreatic function testing Secretinstimulation test CCK stimulation test Fecal elastase Endsocopic secretin stimulation test Chronic pancreatitis

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Synthesis of Silsesquioxane Cages from Phenyl-cis-tetrol, 1,3-Divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane and Cyclopentyl Resins

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 433-436页

作者： Alan R. Bassindale peter g. Taylor Department of Chemistry Open UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UKWalton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK

The synthesis of T_8, T_ 10 and T_ 12 silsesquioxane cages from a range of starting materials: phenyl-cis-tetrol, 1,3-divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane and cyclopentyl T resins by using tetra n-butylammonium fluoride(TBAF) as the catalyst is described in this paper. The reaction yields obtained viathe current route are better compared to those viathe literature routes. Some of the cage compounds have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

关键词： Synthesis Silsesquioxane cage Phenyl-cis-tetrol 1,3-Divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane Cyclopentyl T resin

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The Presence and Localization of Thioredoxins in Diatoms, Unicellular Algae of Secondary Endosymbiotic Origin

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 468-477页

作者： Till Weber Ansgar gruber peter g. Kroth Fachbereich Biologie Universitat Konstanz 78457 Konstanz Germany

Diatoms are unicellular algae of great ecological importance. So far, very little is known about the regulation of carbon fixation in these algae; however, there are strong indications that in diatom plastids, the ferredoxin/thioredoxin system might play a minor role in redox regulation of the photosynthetic reactions compared to land plants. Until now, it is unknown whether there are fewer or other target enzymes of thioredoxins in diatoms. Only a single potential target enzyme for thioredoxin, the plastidic fructose-l,6-bisphosphatase, has yet been identified. Nevertheless, during the annotation of the genome of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we identified several genes encoding different thioredoxins. Utilizing in vivo expression of gFP：presequence fusion proteins in P. tricornutum, we were able to show that these thioredoxins are targeted either into plastids, mitochondria, or remain in the cytosol. Surprisingly, two of the three usually cytosolic thioredoxin h proteins are apparently plastid associated and, together with a thioredoxin reductase, putatively located in the periplastidic compartment. This is one of the few indications for so far unknown enzymatic reactions in the space between the two pairs of diatom plastid envelope membranes.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism enzymology genomics diatoms and phytoplankton

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Batteries for wearables

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National Science Review 2023年第1期10卷 9-11页

作者： Lie Wang Ye Zhang.peter g.Bruce National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC) Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Departments of Materials and Chemistry University of Oxford

Batteries that convert the stored chemical energy directly into electricity have been known for hundreds of *** the lithium-ion battery as representative because of its high energy-conversion efficiency and long cycle *** is widely used as a power accessory for electronic devices and has become an important part of modern electronics.

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Multiple sclerosis drug repurposing for neuroregeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 507-508页

作者： peter göttle Michael Dietrich Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system(CNS)and is primarily characterized by immune cell infiltration leading to relapses followed by remission phases and a disease course turning progressive over time with neurodegenerative processes taking over(Amin and Hersh,2023).Of note,beyond relapse-associated worsening early in disease progression independent of relapse activity may arise independently of relapse activity and can occur in all ***-mediated damage of myelin sheaths and the subsequent loss of mature oligodendrocytes are resulting in impaired axonal integrity,neurodegeneration and accounts for irreversible neuronal damage(Kuhlmann et al.,2023).The current landscape of available disease-modifying therapies comprises mainly immunomodulatory drugs that effectively diminish relapses and slow down progression at the onset form of the disease,namely relapsing MS(RMS).In this regard,a number of drugs have been approved as disease-modifying therapies for MS by US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agencies(Box 1).

关键词： drugs impaired irreversible

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Ovarian cancer recurrence:is the definition of platinum sensitivity modified by PARPi,bevacizumab or other intervening treatments?:a clinical perspective

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第2期5卷 415-423页

作者： peter g.Rose Section of gynecologic Oncology Women’s Health InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio 44195USA.

In view of the high risk of recurrent disease in stage III and IV ovarian cancer following primary first-line chemotherapy,a variety of maintenance and consolidation treatment strategies have been *** have included:radiation,intravenous or intraperitoneal chemotherapy,targeted therapies,and *** at this time is the use of Poly-adenosine ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors and bevacizumab as maintenance *** effect these maintenance or consolidation therapies have on subsequent response to therapy,specifically platinum-based chemotherapy,is only beginning to be *** this manuscript,we review the impact of PARP inhibitors and bevacizumab as well as radiation and maintenance chemotherapy on subsequent response to *** use of bevacizumab does not appear to adversely affect subsequent response to platinum-based chemotherapy or platinum-based chemotherapy with *** therapy with PARP inhibitors induces platinum resistance to subsequent platinum-based therapy and negates classic predictors of response such as platinum-free interval and breast cancer susceptibility gene(BRCA)mutational status.

关键词： Maintenance consolidation PARP inhibitors bevacizumab radiation chemotherapy

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