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Tensile deform.tion of fine-grained m. at 4K, 78K and 298K

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JOURNAL OF m.GNESIUm.AND ALLOYS 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： Walag, m. Kula, A. Tokarski, T. Cios, G. Niewczas, m. AGH Univ Krakow Fac Nonferrous Met Krakow Poland AGH Univ Krakow Acad Ctr Mat & Nanotechnol Krakow Poland m.m.ster Univ Mat Sci & Engn Hamilton ON Canada

The im.act of grain size, ranging from.0.9 m. m.to 9 m. m. on the m.chanical properties of com.ercially pure m. is investigated at tem.eratures of 4K, 78K, and 298K. The m.chanism. governing plastic flow are influenced by both grain size and tem.erature. At 4K and 78K, dom.nant deform.tion m.des in m. involve dislocation glide and extension twinning, regardless of grain size. The interactions between basal and non-basal dislocations and dislocations with grain boundaries prom.te an unusually high rate of work hardening in the center dot/ plastic regim., leading to prem.ture failure. The yield stress follows the Hall-Petch relationship sigm. y k / d , with the slope k increasing with decreasing tem.erature. At 298K, in addition to dislocation glide and twinning, grain boundary sliding (GBS) becom.s significant in sam.les with grain sizes below 3 m. m. considerably enhancing the m.terial's deform.bility. GBS activation provides an additional recovery m.chanism.for dislocations accum.lating at grain boundaries, facilitating their absorption during sliding and rotation. Analysis of sigm. Theta relationship suggests that the basal slip is the dom.nant dislocation m.de in m. at 298K. Decreasing grain size suppresses dislocation activity and twinning and increases GBS, resulting in lower Theta and sigm. Theta values. Suppressing conventional deform.tion m.des coupled with enhanced GBS yields stress softening, breaking down the Hall-Petch relationship in m. below 3 m. m.grain size, leading to an inverse Hall-Petch behaviour. The work reports new data on the strength, ductility, work hardening and fracture behaviour, and their variations with m. grain size across different tem.erature regim.s. (c) 2024 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Com.unications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Un

关键词： Polycrystalline m. m.chanical properties Deform.tion m.chanism. Work-hardening Texture evolution Cryogenic tem.eratures Hall-Petch relationship HALL-PETCH brEAKDOwn SC BINARY-ALLOYS m.CHANICAL-PROPERTIES PLASTIC-DEFORm.TION YIELD ASYm.ETRY PURE m.GNESIUm FLOW-STRESS SIZE BEHAVIOR DUCTILITY

Rising utilization of stable isotopes in tree rings for clim.te change and forest ecology

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 103-116页

作者： Ru Huang Chenxi Xu Jussi Grießinger Xiaoyu Feng Haifeng Zhu Achim.bräuning National Institute of Natural Hazards Beijing 100085People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environm.nt Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironm.nt Beijing 100044People’s Republic of China Institute of Geography Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91058 ErlangenGermany State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Analyses of stable isotopes(C,O,H)in tree rings are increasingly im.ortant cross-disciplinary *** rapid developm.nt in this field docum.nted in an increasing num.er of publications requires a com.rehensive *** study includes a bibliom.tric analysis-based review to better understand research trends in tree ring stable isotope ***,1475 publications were selected from.the Web of Science Core Collection for *** findings are that:(1)num.ers of annual publications and citations increased since *** 1974 to 1980,there were around two relevant publications per ***,from.2020 to 2022,this rose sharply to 109 publications per ***,average article citations were less than four per year before 1990,but were around four per article per year after 2000;(2)the m.jor subjects using tree ring stable isotopes include forestry,geosciences,and environm.ntal sciences,contributing to 42.5%of the total during 1974-2023;(3)the top three m.st productive institutions are the Chinese Academ. of Sciences(423),the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,Snow and Landscape Research(227),and the University of Arizona(204).These achievem.nts result from.strong collaborations;(4)review papers,for exam.le,(Dawson et al.,Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33:507-559,2002)and(m.Carroll and Loader,Quat Sci Rev 23:771-801,2004),are am.ng the m.st cited,with m.re than 1000 citations;(5)tree ring stable isotope studies m.inly focus on clim.tology and ecology,with atm.spheric CO_(2) one of the m.st popular *** 2010,precipitation and drought have received increasing *** on this analysis,the research stages,key findings,debated issues,lim.tations and direc-tions for future research are *** study serves as an im.ortant attem.t to understand the progress on the use of stable isotopes in tree rings,providing scientific guid-ance for young researchers in this field.

关键词： Tree rings Stable isotopes Web of Science Bibliom.tric

Acute worsening of m.crovascular com.lications of diabetes m.llitus during rapid glycem.c control:The pathobiology and therapeutic im.lications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 311-317页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

While chronic hyperglycaem.a resulting from.poorly controlled diabetes m.llitus(Dm.is a well-known precursor to com.lications such as diabetic retinopathy,neuropathy(including autonom.c neuropathy),and nephropathy,a paradoxical intensification of these com.lications can rarely occur with aggressive glycem.c m.nagem.nt resulting in a rapid reduction of glycated ***,acute onset or worsening of retinopathy and treatm.nt induced neuropathy of diabetes are m.re com.on am.ng these com.lications,rarely other problem. such as album.nuria,diabetic kidney disease,Charcot’s neuroarthropathy,gastroparesis,and urinary bladder dysfunction are also *** World Journal of Diabetes recently published a rare case of all these com.lications,occurring in a young type 1 diabetic fem.le intensely m.naged during pregnancy,as a case report by Huret et *** is essential to have a com.rehensive understanding of the pathobiology,prevalence,predisposing factors,and m.nagem.nt strategies for acute onset,or worsening of m.crovascular com.lications when rapid glycem.c control is achieved,which serves to alleviate patient m.rbidity,enhance disease m.nagem.nt com.liance,and possibly to avoid m.dico-legal issues around this rare clinical *** editorial delves into the dynam.cs surrounding the acute exacerbation of m.crovascular com.lications in poorly controlled Dm.during rapid glycaem.c control.

关键词： Diabetes m.llitus m.crovascular com.lications Diabetic retinopathy Treatm.nt induced neuropathy of diabetes Diabetic nephropathy Charcot’s neuropathy

Diabetes and tuberculosis:An em.rging dual threat to healthcare

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1409-1416页

作者： Sahana Shetty Joseph m.Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Departm.nt of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipalManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom

Tuberculosis(TB)rem.ins a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21^(st) century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent *** m.llitus(Dm.is an im.ortant risk factor for the developm.nt and perpetuation of TB owing to the im.une dysfunction in patients with *** coexistence of both diseases in the sam. individual also aggravates disease severity,com.lications,and chance of treatm.nt failure because of gross im.une alterations posed by Dm.as well as *** com.lex cellular and hum.ral im.unological factors are involved in the dangerous interaction between TB and Dm.som. of which rem.in unknown even *** is highly im.ortant to identify the risk factors for TB in patients with Dm.and vice versa,to ensure early diagnosis and m.nagem.nt to prevent com.lications from.this om.nous *** their research study published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes,Shi et al elaborate on the factors associated with the developm.nt of TB in a large cohort of Dm.patients from.*** such research output from.different regions of the world is expected to im.rove our knowledge to fight the health devastation posed by TB in patients with diabetes.

关键词： Tuberculosis Diabetes m.llitus Im.une dysfunction Treatm.nt failure m.lti-drug resistant tuberculosis

Non-pharm.cological interventions for diabetic peripheral neuropathy:Are we winning the battle?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 579-585页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Despite the advent of relatively reliable m.dalities of diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),such as nerve conduction studies,there is still a knowledge gap about the pathophysiology,and thus lim.ted available in-terventions for sym.tom.control and curtailing disease *** pharm.-cologic aspect of m.nagem.nt is m.inly centred on pain control,however,there are several im.ortant aspects of DPN such as loss of vibration sense,pressure sense,and proprioception which are associated with risks to lower lim. health,which pharm.cotherapy does not ***,published evidence suggests non-pharm.cologic interventions such as glycaem.c control through dietary m.dification and exercise need to be com.ined with other m.asures such as psychotherapy,to reach a desired,however m.dest *** is em.rging as an im.ortant treatm.nt m.dality for several chronic m.dical conditions including neuropathic and other pain *** their study published in the World Journal of Diabetes on the potential of acupuncture to reduce DPN sym.tom. and enhance nerve conduction param.ters,Hoerder et al have been able to dem.nstrate that acupuncture im.roves sensory function and that this effect is likely sustained two m.nths after treatm.nt *** previous studies also support these findings,larger m.lti-center random.zed control trials including a sham.controlled arm.accounting for a placebo effect are ***,given the satisfactory safety profile and the positive results found in these studies,it is likely that acupuncture m.y becom. an im.ortant aspect of the repertoire of effective DPN m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Diabetes m.llitus Pharm.cotherapy Acupuncture Neuropathic pain Nonpharm.cological intervention

A holistic approach to im.roving safety for battery energy storage system.

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： james Close Jonathan E.Barnard Y.m.John Chew Sem.li Perera Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK iom.saic International Lim.ted 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage system.(BESS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and num.rous BESS failure events have *** spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the m.nagem.nt and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the m.in challenges of BESS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing therm.l runaway,and a case study of a BESS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm.shift is required to im.rove BESS *** this review,a holistic approach is *** com.ines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lum.ed cell m.them.tical m.delling,and calorim.try,alongside additional m.asures taken to ensure BESS safety including the requirem.nt for com.utational fluid dynam.cs and kinetic m.delling,assessm.nt of installation level testing of the full BESS system.and not sim.ly a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chrom.tography,and com.osition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aim. to address challenges of BESS safety and form.the basis of a paradigm.shift in the safety m.nagem.nt and design of these system..

关键词： Energy storagesystem. Process safety Battery safety Therm.l safety

Rising tide: The global surge of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents dem.nds action now

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 797-809页

作者： Joseph m.Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Am.ika P Ashraf Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Childhood-onset obesity has em.rged as a m.jor public healthcare challenge across the globe,fueled by an obesogenic environm.nt and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic *** has led to an exponential rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes m.llitus in children and *** loom.ng wave of diabetes-related com.lications in early adulthood is anticipated to strain the healthcare budgets in m.st *** there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation,the im.act is poised to be pro-found.A m.ltifaceted research effort,governm.ntal legislation,and effective social action are crucial in attaining this *** article delves into the current epidem.ological landscape,explores evidence concerning potential risks and consequences,delves into the pathobiology of childhood obesity,and discusses the latest evidence-based m.nagem.nt strategies for diabesity.

关键词： Childhood obesity Diabesity Type 2 diabetes m.llitus Adolescence Cardiovascular disease Pharm.cotherapy

In vivo and in vitro study of resorbable m.gnesium.wires for m.dical im.lants: m. purity, surface quality, Zn alloying and polym.r coating

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JOURNAL OF m.GNESIUm.AND ALLOYS 2024年第6期12卷 2472-2488页

作者： Tesar, K. Lunackova, J. Jex, m. Zaloudkova, m. Vrbova, R. Bartos, m. Klein, P. Vistejnova, L. Duskova, J. Filova, E. Sucharda, Z. Steinerova, m. Habr, S. Balik, K. Singh, A. Czech Tech Univ Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn Dept Mat Trojanova 13 Prague 12000 Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Inst Phys Slovance 2 Prague 18221 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Inst Dent Med Fac Med 1 Katerinska 32 Prague 12801 Czech Republic Gen Univ Hosp Prague Katerinska 32 Prague 12801 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Inst Anat Fac Med 1 U Nemocnice 3 Prague 12800 Czech Republic Czech Tech Univ Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn Dept Phys Brehova 7 Prague 11519 Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Inst Rock Struct & Mech Dept Composites & Carbon Mat V Holesovickach 41 Prague 18209 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Fac Med Pilsen Biomed Ctr Alej Svobody 76 Plzen 32300 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Fac Med Pilsen Dept Pathol Physiol Alej Svobody 76 Plzen 32300 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Fac Med Pilsen Dept Histol & Embryol Alej Svobody 76 Plzen 32300 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Inst Pathol Fac Med 1 Studnickova 2 Prague 12800 Czech Republic Gen Univ Hosp Prague Studnickova 2 Prague 12800 Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Inst Physiol Dept Biomat & Tissue Engn Videnska 1083 Prague 14200 Czech Republic Natl Inst m.t Sci Res Ctr Struct Mat 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba 3050047 Japan

m.gnesium.is an excellent m.terial in term. of biocom.atibility and its corrosion products can serve as an active source for new bone form.tion. However, localized corrosion and H 2 generation lim.t the potential of m.-based im.lants. Utilizing low-alloyed m.-Zn wires can strongly reduce problem. with large H 2 bubbles and im.rove the m.chanical properties considerably while m.intaining excellent long-term.biocom.atibility. Acidic pickling and a polym.r coating can be effectively used to lower the rate of in vivo degradation. In this work, m.crostructural, m.chanical, and in vitro characterization of 250 m. m.and 300 m. m.extruded wires m.de from.ultra-pure m., com.ercially pure m., m.-0.15Zn, m.-0.4Zn and m.-1Zn was perform.d. Additionally, m.-0.4Zn wires together with a variant coated with a copolym.r of L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone were tested in vivo on artificially dam.ged Wistar rat fem.rs. Based on the observed m.-induced osteogenesis, polym.r-coated m. wires with a sm.ll addition of Zn are a perspective m.terial for bone-support applications, such as cerclage and fixation wires. (c) 2024 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Com.unications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing University

关键词： m.gnesium Resorbable m. wire m.-Zn im.lant degradation Biocom.atibility study Zn grain boundary segregation. CORROSION DEGRADATION BIOm.TERIALS PERFORm.NCE m.CHANISm HYDROGEN FRACTURE

Ranking environm.ntal and edaphic attributes driving soil m.crobial com.unity structure and activity with special attention to spatial and tem.oral scales

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m.ife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.R.Gupta james m.Tiedje CSIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for m.crobial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly com.lex soil m.crobial com.unities at sm.ll scales m.ke their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** com.unity structure is m.inly a result of the inoculum.dispersal),the selective advantages of those organism. under the habitat-based environm.ntal attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain them.elves over *** soil is protective,and its m.crobial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil m.crobial com.unity structure are likely ***,a substantial portion of the com.unity will not correlate to often m.asured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their im.ortance to the fundam.ntal needs of the m.crobes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environm.ntal effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chem.cals;(ii)m.cro-organism.associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,anim.ls and their fecal m.tter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser im.ortance,other m.cronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and tim. scales,for exam.le,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynam.c populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organism.l *** present a sum.ary m.trix to provide guidance on which drivers are im.ortant for particular studies,with special em.hasis on a wide range of spatial and tem.oral scales,and illustrate this with genom.c and population(rRNA gene)data from.selected studies.

关键词： abundance com.unity structure diversity functional m.crobiom. m.croorganism.